The scope of this study is to illustrate the relationship between computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems, and to show how architectural modeling should be positioned in the process of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. The integration of computer aided technologies with architectural design is investigated in terms of design-production/fabrication interaction. The research has been based on a case study in which the CAD/CAM process from the initial design phase to the actual manufacturing of the design object has been explored. A design object is modeled using CAD and the model is manufactured using CAM in order to illustrate the process of CAD/CAM and its potentials related to architectural design and the construction/manufacturing/fabrication process of building. Thus, the study tries to demonstrate what digital tools can provide to the field of architecture, and lists the requirements for architectural modeling to acquire compatibility among the parts of the building process.

<p>To be more competitive in the market, many companies are trying to speed up the quotation process and quote more attractive prices. Therefore, they have identified a need for support in the quotation process in order to reduce the quotation lead-time and ensure a higher level of accuracy in the cost estimations. The Quotation Calculator, an application program, has been developed as part of the degree thesis which was carried out at AB Norrahammars Mekaniska Verkstad, NMW 2006/07. This Quotation Calculator can be operated to calculate the material and manufacturing costs of a new product.</p><p>NMW has recently acquired licenses for CATIA V5, Dassault Systems, for the purpose of making process planning and NC-programming more efficient. NMW wants to generate the data needed from the machining module for the cost calculations. Hence this project was initiated in order to extract data from CATIA V5 for further use in Quotation Calculator or other computer system in NMW.</p><p>This work has resulted in a system developed with a common hosted programming language to extract and transfer information. The system retrieves model geometry from CAD and information on process planning from CAM, then matches the information in the application for the purpose of cost estimation. The system once developed, is supposed to be used for every new product. For this approach, the relationship of the data from CATIA V5 and the Quotation Calculator has been analyzed.</p><p>Within this thesis, the focus is on production cost estimation. The method used here is programming in Visual Basic Editor to extract information from the machining module in CATIA V5 and then import them to Microsoft Excel. With standard operations, tables of data and several inputs, the cost calculation and hence the quotation process can be automatically implemented. This work has been generated with the Quotation Calculator. With the correct input data to process planning and this new quotation system, the machining time and the costs can be estimated more accurately and easier. The time and cost information is made available for decision making. As a result, the lead time for the quotation process will be shortened and a relatively more attractive price can be quoted to the customers.</p>

To be more competitive in the market, many companies are trying to speed up the quotation process and quote more attractive prices. Therefore, they have identified a need for support in the quotation process in order to reduce the quotation lead-time and ensure a higher level of accuracy in the cost estimations. The Quotation Calculator, an application program, has been developed as part of the degree thesis which was carried out at AB Norrahammars Mekaniska Verkstad, NMW 2006/07. This Quotation Calculator can be operated to calculate the material and manufacturing costs of a new product. NMW has recently acquired licenses for CATIA V5, Dassault Systems, for the purpose of making process planning and NC-programming more efficient. NMW wants to generate the data needed from the machining module for the cost calculations. Hence this project was initiated in order to extract data from CATIA V5 for further use in Quotation Calculator or other computer system in NMW. This work has resulted in a system developed with a common hosted programming language to extract and transfer information. The system retrieves model geometry from CAD and information on process planning from CAM, then matches the information in the application for the purpose of cost estimation. The system once developed, is supposed to be used for every new product. For this approach, the relationship of the data from CATIA V5 and the Quotation Calculator has been analyzed. Within this thesis, the focus is on production cost estimation. The method used here is programming in Visual Basic Editor to extract information from the machining module in CATIA V5 and then import them to Microsoft Excel. With standard operations, tables of data and several inputs, the cost calculation and hence the quotation process can be automatically implemented. This work has been generated with the Quotation Calculator. With the correct input data to process planning and this new quotation system, the machining time and the costs can be estimated more accurately and easier. The time and cost information is made available for decision making. As a result, the lead time for the quotation process will be shortened and a relatively more attractive price can be quoted to the customers.

Over the past few years, manufacturing companies have had to deal with an increasing demand for feature-rich products at low costs. The pressures exerted on their existing manufacturing processes have lead manufacturers to investigate internet-based solutions, in order to cope with growing competition. Today, the availability of powerful and low cost 3D tools, along with web-based technologies, provides interesting opportunities to the manufacturing community, with solutions directly implementable at the core of their businesses and organizations. The wooden sign is custom i.e. each sign is completely different from each other. Mass Customization is a paradigm that produces custom products in masses. A wooden sign is custom in nature, and each sign must be completely different from another. Although process planning for mass customized products is same, the tool path required to CNC machine the custom feature varies from part to part. If the tool path is created manually the economics of mass production are challenged. The only viable option is to generate the tool path automatically; furthermore, any time savings in the tool path lead to better profit margins. This thesis presents the automatic web-based tool path planning method for machining sculptured wooden sign on 3 axis Computer Numerical Controlling (CNC) Machines using optimal and cost-effective milling cutters. The web-based tool path planning strategy is integrate with web-based CAD system to automatically generate tool paths for the CAD model using optimal cutter within desired tolerances. The tool path planning method is divided into two parts: foot print (path along which cutter moves) and cutter positioning. The tool path foot print is developed during design stage from the CAD model based on the type of surface to be machined. The foot print varies from part to part which facilitates the mass customization of wooden sign. After designing foot print, the foot print is discretized into points and the gouge-free cutter position at each of these points is found using "Dropping Method". The Dropping Method where cutter is dropped over the work piece surface, and the highest depth at which cutter can go without gouging the surface is calculated. This is repeated for all the position along the foot print. This tool path planning strategy is developed for ball nose, flat-end and radiused end milling cutter for machining wooden sign. The tool path generated using this method is optimized for machining time, tool path generation time and final surface finish. The bucketing technique is developed to optimize tool path generation time, by isolating the triangles which has possibility of intersection at particular position. The bucketing Technique reduced the tool path computation by 75 %, and made tool path generation faster. The optimal cutter selection algorithm is developed which selects best cutter for machining the surface based on the scallop height and volume removal results. The radiused end milling cutter results in highest volume removal which results in lower machining time compared to ball nose end milling cutters, but the scallop heights is higher. However, the scallop height in the radiused end milling cutter is higher only in few regions which reduces the final surface finish. For a sign, it was found around the boundary of logo, outline of lettering, interface of border and background. Thus, in order to achieve higher surface finish and lower machining time, a separate tool path is developed using "Pencil Milling Technique" which will remove the scallops from the regions that was inaccessible by radiused end mills. This tool path with the smaller cutter will move around the boundary of logo and lettering, and clean-up all the scallops left on the surface. The designed tool path for all the three cutters were tested on maple wood and verified against the actual Computer Aided Design model for scallop height and surface finish. The numerical testing of tool path was carried out on a Custom Simulator, ToolSim and was later confirmed by actually machining on a 3 axis CNC machine. The same sign was machined with variety of milling cutters and the best cutter was selected based on the minimum scallop and maximum volume removal. The results of the experimental verification show the method to be accurate for machining sculptured sign. The average scallop height in a machined using 1/8 th inch radiused end milling cuter and using Pencil tool path on the machined surface is found to be 0.03989 mm (1.5708 thou).

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-06-05T22:51:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArethaHeitorVerissimo_DISSERT.pdf: 2407174 bytes, checksum: 2f467cd23d57f1f11aebbf13a2edb1cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-12T21:16:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArethaHeitorVerissimo_DISSERT.pdf: 2407174 bytes, checksum: 2f467cd23d57f1f11aebbf13a2edb1cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T21:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArethaHeitorVerissimo_DISSERT.pdf: 2407174 bytes, checksum: 2f467cd23d57f1f11aebbf13a2edb1cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Introdução: Novos blocos CAD/CAM de materiais restauradores resinosos, híbridos e cerâmicos têm sido desenvolvidos recentemente. Entretanto, a literatura ainda não tem um protocolo de reparo para esses materiais frente a uma fratura coesiva do material restaurador. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tratamento de superfície (ponta diamantada, jateamento com Al2O3, COJET, e ácido hidrofluorídrico) e do envelhecimento in situ na resistência de união ao cisalhamento de blocos CAD/CAM (LU: Lava Ultimate/3M, VE: Vita Enamic/VITA e VS: VITA Suprinity/VITA) à resina composta. Metodologia: 390 blocos (6 x 5 x 2,5mm) foram confeccionados, sendo 130 de cada material restaurador. Foram utilizadas 300 amostras para o teste de resistência de união ao cisalhamento, as outras amostras foram utilizadas para análises extras. Cinquenta amostras de cada material restaurador foram incrustados em próteses totais em uso, e após período de 60 dias (envelhecimento in situ), as 150 amostras envelhecidas e 150 não envelhecidas foram divididas aleatoriamente (N=30/n=10) de acordo com o tratamento realizado: 1.Ponta diamantada + Single Bond Universal (SUB); 2.Ponta diamantada + silano + adesivo convencional; 3.Ácido fluorídrico 10% + silano + adesivo convencional; 4.COJET + silano + adesivo convencional; 5.Jateamento com óxido de alumínio Al2O2 + silano + adesivo convencional. Em seguida, foram construídos cilindros de resina composta Z350 (3M ESPE) (: 2,37mm, altura: 2mm) na superfície dos blocos. Posteriormente, os 300 corpos de prova foram então submetidos à termociclagem (10.000 ciclos, 50 /550C) e em seguida ao ensaio de cisalhamento (50kgf, 0,5mm/min). Após fratura, a análise de falha foi realizada em estereomicroscópio (20X). Amostras adicionais confeccionadas de cada material restaurador foram utilizadas para as análises de microdureza Vickers e Rugosidade (n=10) mesmas amostras para os dois testes; análise da viabilidade celular fúngica (n=10); análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) dos tratamentos superficiais e análise de EDS (n=10) para caracterização dos materiais, mesmas amostras para os dois testes. Os dados de resistência ao cisalhamento (MPa), análise da viabilidade celular (UFC/mL) e microdureza (HV) foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Aos demais testes foram realizadas análises descritivas qualitativas. Resultados: A resistência de união foi afetada pela exposição ao envelhecimento in situ para os materiais LU e VS (p=0,0001), foi observado no LU maior resistência de união para o grupo Ponta diamantada + Single Bond Universal (SUB) envelhecido (14,67MPa), para o VE o grupo HF envelhecido (17,10MPa) apresentou maior resistência de união, e o VS o grupo HF sem envelhecimento (14,27MPa) apresentou maior resistência de união (p=0,0001). A falha adesiva apresentou maior prevalência em todos os tipos de bloco CAD/CAM (LU: 78%, VE: 61%, VS: 98%). O Vita Suprinity (734,31HV) exibiu a maior dureza Vikers e o Lava Ultimate (137,34HV) a menor (p=0,0001). A análise de viabilidade celular demonstrou não haver diferença entre a adesão fúngica nos três materiais (p=0,9064). Relativa à análise das superfícies tratadas (MEV) e rugosidade observou-se que os jateamentos e asperização com ponta diamantada apresentaram uma maior alteração nas superfícies de todos os materiais; a análise de EDS demonstrou que os tratamentos de superfície alteram a composição química superficial dos materiais. Conclusão: O envelhecimento in situ altera a resistência de união dos materiais LU e VS. O tratamento de superfície mais eficaz para o LU foi asperização com ponta diamantada+SBU, para os VE e VS o condicionamento com HF. O VS apresentou maior dureza Vickers. Os tratamentos de superfície promovem alterações superficiais de topografia e rugosidade de todos os materiais testados, as maiores rugosidades por material foram LU: COJET, VE: Al2O3 e VS: Ponta diamantada, lém de alterar a composição química superficial nos materiais. / Introduction: New CAD/CAM blocks of resin, hybrid and ceramic restorative materials have been recently developed. However, the literature does not yet have a repair protocol for these materials against a cohesive fracture of the restorative material. Purpose: To determine the influence of surface treatment (diamond burs, abrasive jet Al2O3, COJET, and hydrofluoric acid) and in situ aging on CAD/CAM shear bond strength (LU:Lava Ultimate / 3M, VE: Vita Enamic / VITA and VS:VITA Suprinity / VITA) to the composite resin. Methodology: 390 blocks (6 x 5 x 2.5mm) were made, 130 of each restorative material. 300 samples were used for the shear bond strength test, the other samples were used for extra analysis. Fifty samples of each restorative material were embedded in total dentures in use, and after a period of 60 days (aging in situ), the 150 aged and 150 unripe samples were randomly divided (N = 30 / n = 10) according to treatment carried out: 1. Diamond burs + Single Bond Universal (SUB); 2. Diamond burs + silane + conventional adhesive; 3. Hydrofluoric acid 10% + silane + conventional adhesive; 4. COJET + silane + conventional adhesive; 5. abrasive jet aluminum oxide Al2O3 + silane + conventional adhesive. Then, Z350 (3M ESPE) composite resin cylinders (: 2.37mm, height: 2mm) were built on the surface of the blocks. Subsequently, the 300 specimens were then subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 50 / 550C) and then to the shear test (50kgf, 0.5mm / min). After fracture, the failure analysis was performed in stereomicroscope (20X). Additional samples of each restorative material were used for the Vickers microhardness and Roughness (n = 10) analyzes for the two tests; analysis of fungal cell viability (n = 10); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the surface treatments and EDS analysis (n = 10) for characterization of the same materials for the two tests. The shear strength (MPa), cell viability (UFC / mL) and microhardness (HV) data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The other tests were qualitative descriptive analyzes. Results: The bond strength was affected by the in situ aging exposure for the LU and VS materials (p = 0.0001), the highest bond strength for the diamond burs group + Single Bond Universal (SUB) was observed in the LU (14.67MPa), for the VE the aged HF group (17.10MPa) presented higher union strength, and the VS the HF group without aging (14.27MPa) had higher union strength (p = 0.0001). The adhesive failure presented a higher prevalence in all types of CAD/CAM block (LU: 78%, VE: 61%, VS: 98%). The Vita Suprinity (734.31HV) exhibited the highest Vikers hardness and Lava Ultimate (137.34HV) the lowest (p = 0.0001). Cell viability analysis showed no difference between fungal adhesion in the three materials (p = 0.9064). Regarding the analysis of the treated surfaces (SEM) and roughness, it was observed that the blasting and diamond burs asperisation showed a greater change in the surfaces of all the materials; the EDS analysis demonstrated that surface treatments alter the surface chemical composition of the materials. Conclusion: In situ aging changes the bond strength of LU and VS materials. The most effective surface treatment for LU was diamond burs grinding + SBU, for VS and VS the conditioning with HF. The VS presented greater Vickers hardness. The surface treatments promoted surface changes of topography and roughness of all the materials tested, the largest roughness per material were LU: COJET, VE: Al2O3 and VS: Diamond burs, besides altering the superficial chemical composition in the materials.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T06:56:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T01:18:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 142450.pdf: 105897234 bytes, checksum: 281625b6cf2714723c8f10f40fffe79a (MD5)

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / 0 objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a adaptação marginal de infraestruturas em zircônia confeccionadas pelo sistema CAD/CAM, utilizando dois escâneres e uma única fresadora, por meio do microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Materiais e métodos: Dez infraestruturas aparafusadas, implanto-suportadas, de três elementos foram divididas em dois grupos para avaliara adaptação marginal no modelo boca. Dez infraestruturas em zircônia foram fabricadas por uma única fresadora, cinco foram obtidas por meio do escaneamento com o escâner 7series Dental Wings e cinco com o escâner Ceramill map 400. A desadaptação vertical e horizontal da interface protética (mesial e distai de todos os implantes) foram analisadas e mensuradas pelo MEV, resultando em trinta medidas por grupo (n=30). As medidas foram obtidas em duas situações, a primeira quando um parafuso central está posicionado e a segunda com todos os parafusos apertados. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste estatístico U Mann-Whitney (a=.05) para desadaptações verticais. Os valores de desadaptações horizontais foram divididos em três situações: sobre extensão, zero e sub extensão. Resultados: Diferença estatística significante foi encontrada entre os valores de desadaptação marginal quando todos os parafusos estavam apertados, porém todos esses valores estão abaixo de 16 pm. Cinco e Dezoito valores de desadaptação horizontal foram encontrados nos escâneres 7series Dental Wings e Ceramil map 400, respectivamente. Conclusão: O uso de diferentes escâneres apresenta influencia na adaptação final de infraestruturas. / The purpose of this study was to compare the fit accuracy of CAD/CAM- fabricated zirconia frameworks using two different scanners and the same milling unit by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and methods. Ten 3-unit implant-supported, screw-retained frameworks were fabricated to fit a mastermodel. The same manufacturing milling unit fabricated all the frameworks using two scanners, five frameworks for each group: 7series Dental Wings and Ceramill map 400. The vertical and horizontal misfit at the implant-framework interface (mesial and distal of all implants) were measured by SEM resulting in 30 measurements per group (n=30) when only 1 screw was tightened and after all screws were tightened. The statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test (a=.05) by vertical misfit. Horizontal misfit values were separated in three situations: underextension, zero and overextension. Results: Significant difference was found between the fit accuracy of the two groups when all screws were tightened, however all values is below 16 pm. Five and eighteen horizontal misfit were found in Dental Wings and Ceramill map 400, respectively. Conclusions: The use of different scanners have influence on fit accuracy of zirconia frameworks. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been a focal research area for the manufacturing industry. Genuine CAD/CAM integration is necessary to make products of higher quality with lower cost and shorter lead times. Although CAD and CAM have been extensively used in industry, effective CAD/CAM integration has not been implemented. The major obstacles of CAD/CAM integration are the representation of design and process knowledge and the adaptive ability of computer aided process planning (CAPP). This research is aimed to develop a feature-based CAD/CAM integration methodology. Artificial intelligent techniques such as neural networks, heuristic algorithms, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logics are used to tackle problems. The activities considered include: 1) Component design based on a number of standard feature classes with validity check. A feature classification for machining application is defined adopting ISO 10303-STEP AP224 from a multi-viewpoint of design and manufacture. 2) Search of interacting features and identification of features relationships. A heuristic algorithm has been proposed in order to resolve interacting features. The algorithm analyses the interacting entity between each feature pair, making the process simpler and more efficient. 3) Recognition of new features formed by interacting features. A novel neural network-based technique for feature recognition has been designed, which solves the problems of ambiguity and overlaps. 4) Production of a feature based model for the component. 5) Generation of a suitable process plan covering selection of machining operations, grouping of machining operations and process sequencing. A hybrid feature-based CAPP has been developed using neural network, genetic algorithm and fuzzy evaluating techniques.

Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbosaNeto_Wilson_M.pdf: 18612146 bytes, checksum: d8fbaaa3aaa7ff8e9008c22519dc03e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A utilização de técnicas de Fabricação Digital está cada vez mais presente no campo da arquitetura e construção por todo o mundo, devido aos avanços tecnológicos que os sistemas CAD (Computer-aided Design) e CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) têm proporcionado aos processos de concepção e produção da obra arquitetônica. As possibilidades que essas ferramentas oferecem aos arquitetos e projetistas abrem caminho para novas abordagens de projeto, que permitem o uso da produção automatizada sem a necessidade de uma padronização tão rígida como aquela imposta pelo sistema industrial. Entretanto, nota-se que a aplicação dos métodos de Fabricação Digital no processo de produção do espaço edificado no Brasil é lento, quando comparado a outros países onde a tecnologia necessária para o exercício da técnica já se encontra amplamente difundida. A presente pesquisa tem como foco investigar a aplicação da Fabricação Digital, por intermédio de processos file-to-factory na produção arquitetônica de elementos para a construção civil, mais especificamente com o uso de técnicas subtrativas de corte 2D. Após um levantamento sobre o estado da arte da área e o desenvolvimento de dois estudos de caso, o método utilizado foi a pesquisa-ação, por meio de um exercício de aplicação do conceito file-to-factory. O processo de projeto foi documentado detalhadamente e analisado para a sistematização dos procedimentos, que servirão de referência para futuras aplicações no campo da arquitetura. Espera-se, com isso, contribuir para a divulgação dessas novas tecnologias na produção arquitetônica no cenário brasileiro / Abstract: The use of Digital Fabrication techniques is increasingly present in the field of architecture and construction throughout the world. Systems such as CAD (Computer-aided Design) and CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) have provided technological advances to the architectural design and production process. The possibilities that these tools provide to architects and designers introduce new design approaches, which allow the use of automated production without the rigid standardization imposed by the industrial system. However, it can be noticed that the use of Digital Fabrication methods in the built environment production process in Brazil is slow when compared to other countries where the technology is widely incorporated. This research focuses on investigating the application of Digital Fabrication, through file-to-factory processes in the production of architectural elements for the construction industry, specifically with the use of 2D subtractive cutting techniques. After a survey on the state of the art in the field and two case studies, the method used was an action research through a file-to-factory exercise. The design process was documented in detail and analyzed in order to systematize the procedures as a reference for future applications in architecture. As a result we expect to contribute to the dissemination of these new technologies in architectural production in the Brazilian scenario / Mestrado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Mestre em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

The dissertation work focuses on the design and optimization of the castings and foundry technology and the production a particular model for the casting. The technology proposal and the pattern set building in 3D using CAD system. The casting simulation in CAE MAGMAsoft® system and evaluation of the proposed casting technology. Production of the pattern using CAD/CAM software and CNC machine tools with a focus on 3-axis and 5-axis machining. The economic benefits for the company.