Byggnadsmaterial står för största delen av entreprenadkostnaden i ett byggprojekt. Traditionellt har byggnader redovisats på pappersritningar men branschen digitaliseras och går mer och mer över till 3D-modeller, som kan skapas med olika CAD och BIM program. För att beställa material till produktionen behöver mängderna beräknas noggrant för att minimera spill och onödiga transporter som i sin tur har stor miljöpåverkan. Arbetet syftar till att utveckla användandet av digitala verktyg, för att på ett effektivare sätt beräkna materialmängder. Datorprogrammet som används är ArchiCAD, framtaget av Graphisoft och jämförs med manuell mängdning som arbetsmetod. Litteraturstudie har använts som metod samt en intervju för att bestämma utgångsläge. Utöver detta har en experimentell studie med modelleringar i ArchiCAD genomförts. Tidsåtgången för att modellera har jämförts med tiden för att beräkna mängder manuellt, och även de mängder som genererats har jämförts. Byggprocessen är en kedja av delprocesser, från idé till förvaltning. Beräkning av mängder är en central del där olika arbetsmetoder används, bland annat med hjälp av utskrivna ritningar och skalstock, digitala ritningar eller genom att mängderna genereras ur en BIM-modell. Att skapa detaljerade modeller kräver initialt längre tid, men leder till möjligheten att få färdiga mängdlistor. Den tidsanalys som utförts i arbetet anses ge en missvisande bild av fördelarna med att modellera mer detaljerat. Att ha ett standardiserat arbetssätt kan resultera i väl preciserade mängdlistor med mindre arbetsmängd. Fördelar med att skapa väl detaljerade modeller är att mängdberäkningarna går att följa upp samt att misstag går att undvika. Om kunskapen finns om programmet bör denna arbetsmetod vara att föredra, för att möjligheten till uppföljning finns och att noggranna mängdlistor med tillräcklig information kan genereras. / Building materials account for most of the construction cost of a building project. Traditionally, buildings have been presented on paper drawings, but the industry is digitized and is increasingly turning towards 3D models, which are created with various CAD and BIM programs. To make material orders for the production, quantities need to be carefully calculated to reduce waste and unnecessary transport, which in turn has a major environmental impact. The work aims to develop the use of digital tools, in order to calculate material quantities more effectively. The computer program used is ArchiCAD, developed by Graphisoft, and is compared with manual calculations as a working method. Literature studies have been used as a method as well as an interview to determine the starting position. In addition, an experimental study with modelling in ArchiCAD has been conducted. The time required to model has been compared with the time to calculate quantities manually, also the quantities generated have been compared. The construction process is a chain of sub-processes, from idea to management. Calculation of quantities is a central part where different working methods are used, including using printed drawings and scale ruler, digital drawings, or by the quantities being generated from a BIM model. Creating detailed models initially takes longer but leads to the possibility of obtaining complete quantity lists. The time analysis performed in the work is considered to give a misleading picture of the benefits of modelling in more detail. Having a standardized way of working can result in well-defined quantity lists with less workload. The advantages of creating well-detailed models are that the volume calculations can be followed up and that mistakes can be avoided. If the knowledge exists for the program, this working method should be preferred because the possibility of follow-up exists and that accurate quantity lists with sufficient information can be generated.

Use of digital visualization tools in planning is nowadays widely practiced around the world by various contributors to the field and in different planning scales. Visualization facilitates perception of underlying thoughts and objectives of planning alternatives and consequently assists with communication of the plan to stakeholders of different groups. This – in turn - enables them to actively and efficiently participate in the procedure from the very initial stages to the implementation phase thanks to the insight provided by user-friendly visualization tools. Available visualization tools for planning, however, are either not integrated and efficient enough or too resource- or expertise-demanding and thus not entirely fulfilling the qualities mentioned above. This study is a search for a conceptual framework for the optimal web-based visualization tool. Web-basedness diminishes temporal and spatial distance among the users and planning agents and provides the possibility for more participation in and interaction with planning projects. Within this study, major characteristics of an optimal tool have been investigated through literature and online resources, contacts with experts and practitioners, a survey over existing products and visual analysis of the outcomes. An evaluation cube was initially developed and then used as the basis for a set of duality criteria. A selection of visualization tools were examined against those criteria and results were demonstrated visually. Eventually, findings were used to provide a backcasted example of the optimal tool and suggestions were made for actual development of the package to be used by planning agents.

Circuit designs for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are typically compiled by FPGA vendor tools, such as Xilinx's Vivado Design Suite. In recent years, partial reconfiguration (PR) has emerged as a popular technique that allows portions of an FPGA to be dynamically reconfigured after the complete device has been configured with an initial bitstream. However, the nature of current FPGA vendor tools limits further innovation and possible usage models of PR.This thesis presents Maverick, an open-source proof-of-concept computer-aided design (CAD) flow for generating reconfigurable modules (RMs) which target PR regions in FPGA designs. Maverick builds upon existing open source tools (Yosys, RapidSmith2, and Project X-Ray) to form an end-to-end compilation flow. After an initial static design and PR region are created with Xilinx's Vivado PR flow, Maverick can then compile and configure RMs onto that PR region-without the use of vendor tools. In addition, this work enables users to import and export RMs between Vivado and RapidSmith2.Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates Maverick compiling RMs on both a desktop computer and on the embedded PYNQ-Z1 board, which contains a Zynq 7020 system on chip (SoC). Maverick runs on the ARM processor embedded within the processing system (PS) of the Zynq device, generating partial bitstreams which can then be configured onto a PR region within the programmable logic (PL) fabric of the same Zynq device. This unique case, not possible with current vendor tools like Vivado, demonstrates the feasibility of a single-chip embedded system which can both compile HDL designs to bitstreams and then configure them onto its own programmable fabric.

Background: When a potential customer reaches out to NKT and requests themto tender an offer for a project, NKT will start to compile the information neededfor the customer to make an informed decision. Among others, one document thatis included in the information is a CSO. This drawing displays an overview of thecomplete cable installation, which makes it easy for the customer to see all compo-nents included in the installation. Up until the project, the process of building a CSO has been time-consuming and lacked a standardized workflow. This has causedinconsistencies in deliveries to customers and, if requested, the process of makingchanges has been a time-consuming challenge. Objectives: The objective of this project was to find a way to optimize by standard-izing the way the engineers work today by implementing a new production processwhen building CSOs and creating drawings. Methods: This project was conducted using the PDCA method as it provides struc-ture during the stages of the project and allows for iterative project cycles. A com-prehensive literature study was performed to learn about ways to optimize and stan-dardize workflows. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were held with affectedpersonnel to build a complete image of the cause of the issues with the current solu-tion. The CAD software SolidWorks was used as a tool to create the new solution asits integrated features provided the possibility to automate a big part of the process. Results: The interviews helped gain valuable insight into what parts of the current so-lution have proved to be problematic. The responses varied between the participants,but the common denominators were that the lack of automation and standardizationcaused much frustration. The engineers were asked to time themselves using boththe old and new production process when creating the same projects. The resultsshowed that the new process allowed them to build the same CSO with an averagetime saving of 85%. Conclusions: The results show that, even though the new process still needs workto be a full replacement for the old solution, it has the potential to bring big timesavings to the engineers that work with the CSO. A standardized workflow will helpto deliver more consistent designs to customers

Sigma Industry South AB i Jönköping är ett konsultföretag som hjälper Jönköpingsregionens produktionsbolag med olika uppdrag inom produktutveckling, industriell design, processteknik, beräkning, produktionssystem och projektledning. Husqvarna AB, Fagerhult, Thule Group och Saab AB är exempel på företag som hyr konsulter till uppdrag av Sigma i Jönköping. Detta examensarbete är utfört utan en specifik kund, dock har projektet utförts i tidigare kursen ”Näringslivsförlagd kurs” och då var uppdraget tillsammans med Etebra Maskin & Vagn AB. Utgångspunkterna i projektet utgår även denna gång från vad Etebra önskade och ville få fram i projektet, men utan deras påverkan av beslut.  Etebra är ett försäljnings- och utvecklingsbolag och riktar sig till kunder inom lantbruk, kommuner och industrier. VD’n på Etebra tyckte det saknades en välutvecklad djurtransportbox på marknaden som levereras i ett platt paket och ville vara först med att utveckla detta. En djurtransportbox kan användas av en lantbrukare vid transport av ett färre antal djur inom gården. Idag används ofta stora djurtransportvagnar även vid transport av färre djur, vilket är mer osmidigt än att använda sig av en box. Önskningen från Etebra var att få en djurtransportbox som är uppbyggd i flera moduler för att minska fraktkostnader och kunna leverera ett större antal boxar samtidigt. De hade också krav på att djurtransportboxen ska vara i samma standard som deras egna MOVA-vagn, vilket är en mycket tyst och enkel vagn att använda. Golvet är gjort av tryckimpregnerat trallgolv med en gummimatta över samt väggar gjorda av marinplywood. Dessa material gör att djurtransporten är mer tyst än plåtväggar och blir en tryggare miljö för djuren och en säkrare användning för lantbrukaren då skrämda djur kan bli mycket farliga att arbeta med i en stängd miljö. I detta projekt kommer det förutom vidareutveckling av grundkonstruktion tittas på hållfasthet, kostnad samt detaljutveckling av nya funktioner. Projektet är uppbyggt genom designprocessen The Mechanical Design Process av David G. Ullman och processens olika faser. Faserna innehåller bland annat delar som marknadsundersökning, konkurrensanalys, materialanalys, kravspecifikationer, konceptgenerering, CAD, hållfasthetsberäkningar, FEM-beräkningar och kostnadskalkyler. De fyra sistnämnda delarna är gjorda både i materialet aluminium och materialet stål för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna.   Slutprodukten är gjort av stål och har vissa förändringar mot grundkonstruktionen, den nya slutprodukten väger mindre men uppfyller fortfarande hållfasthetskraven vilket går att se i både handberäkningar och FEM-beräkningar. En annan faktor att stål valdes är genom de kostnadskalkyler som gjorts, stål är billigare än aluminium. Förutom en iteration av grundkonstruktionen är delfunktioner och stödfunktioner utvecklade så som avgränsare, krokar, fästen och reflexer. Dessa delfunktioner och stödfunktioner finns med i kravspecifikationer och är krav eller önskningar både från Etebra och lantbrukare. / Sigma Industry South AB in Jönköping is a consulting company that helps the production companies of Jönköping’s region with different consultancy services within product development, industrial design, process technology, calculation, production systems and project management. Husqvarna AB, Fagerhult, Thule Group and Saab AB are examples of companies that buy consulting services from Sigma in Jönköping. This bachelor thesis is performed without a specific company; however, the project has earlier been performed with the company Etebra Maskin & Vagn AB in the course “Industrial placement course”. The starting points in this project are based on what Etebra wished for and wanted to achieve in the last project, but this time without their influence on decisions. Etebra is a sales and development company that are aimed at customers in farming, municipalities and industries. The CEO of Etebra, thought that the market was lacking a well-developed animal transport box that also can be delivered in flat packages and wanted Etebra to be the first company to develop this. An animal transport box can be used by farmers when transporting a smaller quantity of animals within the farm. Big animal transport carriage is used frequently today even if only a small quantity of animals is to be transported, which is more inflexible than using a box. The desire from Etebra was to have an animal transport box which is built in a number of modules to reduce shipping costs and to be able to deliver a larger number of boxes at the same time. They also had requirements that the box should be in the same standard as their own big animal transport carriage named MOVA, which is very quiet and easy to use. The floor is built up with pressure impregnated decking with a rubber mat on it and the walls are made of Marin plywood. These materials make the animal transport quieter than sheet metal walls and becomes a safer environment both for the animals but also for the farmer, because scared animals can be dangerous to work with in a closed environment. This project will not just be a further development of the original construction. Strength calculations, costs and detail development on new functions will be a big part of the project. The project is built using the design process The Mechanical Design Process of David G. Ullman and different phases of the process. The phases contain parts such as field research, competitor analysis, material analysis, design specifications, idea generation, CAD, solidity calculations, FEM-analysis and cost calculations. The last four parts are made both in the material aluminum and the material steel to answer the thesis’ questions.  The final product is made of steel and has some changes from the original constructions, the final product also weighs less but still meets the solidity requirements which can be seen both in manual calculations and FEM-analysis.  Another reason why steel was chosen is because of the cost calculations that is made, steel is cheaper than aluminum. Except for a iteration of the original construction, some sub- and support functions are made such as divider, hooks, mounts and reflexes. These sub- and support functions are included in design specifications and are requirements or wishes both from Etebra and farmers.

The project purpose and goal where to deliver a design dossier for a new automated alignment fixture for pallet collars. The fixture was designed to be directly applied to Goodtech Solutions AB robotic cell Collarizer. The concept development for the project is only a small part of bigger plans to have Collarizer handle the pallet collars directly from the delivery-state. The requests and the requirement of the project is only a few from the final product.The project was accomplished with specific gateway-requirements that the metallic hinges should be able to be aligned both inwards and outwards while the pallet collar is in its folded state. The fixture should be able to align the metallic hinges that is deformed to a max of 30 degrees. The concept was designed with simplicity and to be applicated in the current design of the Collarizer.The final concept resembles a table where the pallet collar is positioned on its side with the metallic hinges pointing to a specific side. The pallet collar is positioned correctly with help of offsets and cylinders. Single acting pneumatic cylinders is positioned perpendicular over the metallic hinges putting an acting force on the mounting points to reassure that the metallic hinges are not deformed incorrectly. Double acting cylinders with a through piston rod is positioned under the metallic hinges to apply the alignment force. The through piston rod is used to maintain the same pressure and drag force. A special component is attached to the cylinders that with help of its design allows the metallic hinges to be aligned correctly. The design also reassures the hinges is bent +3 mm outwards to take the retraction of the hinges into account.Almost all the components in the concept can be ordered directly from a supplier. It is only the attachments to the cylinders that needs further development to be manufactured. The design of the concept allows a lot of adjustments and adaption too the future. The concept can take future requirements into account without changing the main principle.

No description available.

In practice, the building design process can be divided into three major stages; schematic design, design implementation and construction documents development. The majority of the time in the building design delivery process is spent in the latter two stages. Computers can greatly aid the designer in the latter two stages, by providing a tool that helps in choosing the best assemblies for a particular design and, helping in automating the process of construction detail generation. There is lack of such a tool in the architecture design domain. In this dissertation, a novel approach for the selection and generation of building assemblies is presented. A building product model is described. In this model the building is broken down into assemblies. Each assembly has a graphical representation. By using the assemblies' representations a designer can specify his/her design concept. These assemblies are intelligent. They know how to select the correct assembly constructions for each particular design situation, based on a set of defined criteria and constraints. The different kinds of criteria and constraints that affect the selection of assemblies are identified, and examples are provided. A selection procedure is developed that can perform the selection taking into consideration the various criteria and constraints to produce a best compromise solution. A computer prototype is developed on top of a traditional computer graphics package (AutoCAD) as a proof of concept. In the prototype, the design knowledge is encapsulated and intelligence is added to the building assemblies of a specific construction type. This intelligence allows the assemblies to be automatically selected and analyzed. Several examples of assemblies are developed in the computer prototype. The treatment of building components as intelligent objects will significantly increase the efficiency of design in terms of economy and performance. This is because issues related to the specific design can be addressed in an organized way. Issues like cost, constructability, and other performances can be taken into consideration at the design level. The approach described here provides a more efficient and time saving way for selection of building assembly constructions. / Ph. D.

Målet med detta examensarbete var att ta reda på hur design och digitala designverktyg används inom grundskolans teknikundervisning samt deras inverkan på elevernas lärande. En av slutsatser från denna studie är att elevernas verklighetsanknytning har stor inverkan på elevernas motivation och engagemang när de jobbar med design och digitala designverktyg. En observation som jag gjorde under min lärarutbildning var skillnaden i hur skolorna använde dessa designverktyg i undervisningen jämfört med hur industrin använder dem i produktutveckling. Tidigare forskning (Chester, 2007; Laisney & Brandt, 2015) visar många fördelar med en digitalisering av designundervisningen, men det finns också fallgropar som inverkar negativt på elevernas lärande. En studie gjordes med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Sex olika tekniklärare på två olika högstadieskolor i Skåne fick svara på frågor om hur de använder design i sin undervisning. Deras svar har sedan analyserats utifrån ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv.Samtliga respondenter välkomnar ett ökat krav på digital kompetens i flertalet av grundskolans kursplaner, framförallt i den för teknikämnet och menar att detta gynnar elevernas lärande, men de anser också att en övergripande strategi på skolnivå med riktlinjer och fortbildning inom området saknas. Tekniklärarnas egna kompetenser och erfarenheter inom området visar sig vara en påverkande faktor till hur digitala designverktyg används. Slutligen konstateras att tekniklärarna anser att en kollegial samsyn tillsammans med ett organiserat och strukturerat kollegialt lärande är nödvändig för en rättssäker utveckling av de digitala designverktygen i teknikundervisningen.Examensarbetet avslutas med ett förslag för fortsatt forskning inom detta område.

Det här arbetet är att samarbete med IKEA och dess syfte är att ta fram en lösning på hur en elektrisk sparkcykel ska förvaras och förflyttas då den inte används. Målet är att ta fram en prototyp samt ett produktionsunderlag för en enkel modell av förvaringslösningen samt ta fram ett förslag på en vidareutveckling av förvaringslösningen som erbjuder ytterligare funktioner. Dessutom ska en 3D-modell av sparken tas fram. Framtagningen av den enklare väskan genomförs med hjälp av Ulrichs och Eppingers produktutvecklingsprocess med inriktning på konceptutvecklingsfasen. Skisser för olika koncept tas fram och därefter genomförs ett konceptval med hjälp av konceptpoängsättning. När konceptvalet är gjort tas en prototyp av väskan fram och när prototypen är tillfredsställande genomförs ett materialval varpå ett produktionsunderlag sammanställs.De koncept som genereras för väska 2 är vidareutvecklingar av den enklare väskan. Koncepten presenteras även här i form av skisser varpå konceptens för och nackdelar vägs mot varandra vilket leder till det slutliga konceptvalet. Materialvalet för tyget till väskan genomförs på samma sätt som för den enklare väskan och materialvalet för den hårda delen genomförs med hjälp av CES EduPack. För att en FEM-simulering ska kunna genomföras tas en CAD-modell av den hårda delen fram. Resultatet av simuleringen används sedan för att dimensionera tjockleken på den hårda delen.Vid sidan om arbetet med väskorna tas 3D-modellen av sparken fram. Detta då IKEA inte sedan tidigare har ett 3D-underlag för sparken. 3D-modelleringen görs i CAD-programmet SolidWorks.Arbetet resulterar i en enkel väska i polypropylen med tillhörande produktionsunderlag och en mer avancerad väska med integrerad förvaring. Materialvalet för tyget till den mer avancerade väskan blir vaxad canvas och materialvalet för den hårda delen blir polystyren med 30 % glasfiber. Väskorna presenteras tillsammans med en renderad bild på CAD-modellen av sparken i resultatdelen. / This project is a collaboration with IKEA and the purpose to develop a solution for storage and transportation of an electrical scooter when not in use. The aim is to develop a prototype of a simple bag that solves this problem and then develop this prototype further into a more advances bag that offers additional features. In addition to this a 3D model of the scooter will be made. The development of the simple bag is made with the help of the product development process of Ulrich and Eppinger with focus on the concept development. Sketches of the different concepts are made and then the best concept is chosen with concept scoring. When the best concept I chosen a prototype of the bag is made. When the prototype is satisfying a choice of material for the bag is made. Finally a pattern of the bag is compiled.The concepts that are generated for the more advanced bag are elaborations of the simple bag. The concepts are again presented as sketches whereupon the pros and cons of the concepts are weight against each other which leads to a favorite concept being chosen. The choice of material for the fabric of the bag is made in the same way as the choice of material for the simple bag. The choice of material for the bottom of the bag is made with the program CES EduPack. To enable a FEM simulation a 3D model of the bottom part of the bag is made. The result of the simulation is then used to dimension the thickness of the bottom part. Alongside the development of the bags a 3D model of the scooter is made. This is done because IKEA does not have a 3D model of the scooter. All 3D modulation is done with the program SolidWorks. The project result in a prototype and pattern of a bag made from polypropylene and a concept for the more advanced bag that offers integrated storage. The choice of material for the fabric of the more advanced bag is waxed canvas and the choice of material for the bottom part of the bag is polystyrene with 30% glass fibers. The bags and the 3D model of the scooter are presented in the result part of this paper.