Applying the ratio-of-uniforms method for generating random variates results in very efficient, fast and easy to implement algorithms. However parameters for every particular type of density must be precalculated analytically. In this paper we show, that the ratio-of-uniforms method is also useful for the design of a black-box algorithm suitable for a large class of distributions, including all with log-concave densities. Using polygonal envelopes and squeezes results in an algorithm that is extremely fast. In opposition to any other ratio-of-uniforms algorithm the expected number of uniform random numbers is less than two. Furthermore we show that this method is in some sense equivalent to transformed density rejection. (author's abstract) / Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ManoelPN_DISSERT.pdf: 1337463 bytes, checksum: aaed50bece00427adf0672e0a99b898a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / We analyzed the quality of raw milk from eight dairy farms in Rio Grande do Norte stored in a cooling tank , in order to evaluate methods for determining somatic cell counts (SCC). The Somaticell? kit and a portable Direct Cell Counter (DCC) were compared with each other and with the MilkoScanTM FT+ (FOSS Denmark), which uses Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy). Direct cell counter data were processed for somatic cell scores (log-transformed somatic cell count) and analyzed with the SAS?, statistical package , Statistical Analysis System, (SAS, INSTITUTE, 1998). Comparison of means and correlation of somatic cell scores were conducted using Pearson s correlation coefficient and the Tukey Test at 1 %. No significant difference was observed for comparison of means. The correlation between somatic cell scores was significant, that is, 0.907 and 0.876 between the MilkoScanTM FT+ and the Somaticell? kit and Direct Cell Count (DCC) respectively, and 0.943 between the Somaticell? kit and Direct Cell Count (DCC). The methods can be recommended for monitoring the quality of raw milk kept in a cooling tank in the production unit / A qualidade do leite cru mantido em tanque de resfriamento de oito propriedades do Rio Grande do Norte foi analisada, com o objetivo de avaliar m?todos para determina??o da contagem de c?lulas som?ticas (CCS). Foram usados o kit Somaticell? e o equipamento port?til Direct Cell Counter (DCC), sendo comparados entre si e com o MilkoScanTM FT+ (FOSS Denmark) que usa a metodologia do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (IVTF). Os dados de CCS foram transformados para escore de c?lulas som?ticas ECS log (CCS) e analisados pelo pacote estat?stico SAS? Statical Analisys System, (SAS, INSTITUTE, 1998). Foram feitas a compara??o das m?dias e a correla??o dos escores de c?lulas som?ticas por meio do coeficiente de correla??o de Pearson, sendo aplicado o Teste de Tukey a 1%. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa para a compara??o das m?dias. A correla??o entre os escores de c?lulas som?ticas foi significativa, sendo de 0,907 e 0,876 entre o MilkoScanTM FT+ e o kit Somaticell? e o Direct Cell Count (DCC) respectivamente, e de 0,943 entre o kit Somaticell? e o Direct Cell Count (DCC). Os m?todos avaliados podem ser recomendados para o monitoramento da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado mantido em tanque de resfriamento em n?vel de unidade produtiva

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS) sobre as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do leite semidesnatado e do creme de leite pasteurizados, ao longo de 28 e 30 dias de estocagem sob refrigeração. As frações protéicas do leite semidesnatado e o perfil de ácidos graxos do creme de leite pasteurizados foram pesquisados nos dias 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 e 1, 10, 20 e 30 dias após a produção de cada produto. Foram definidos três grupos experimentais com baixa (< 100.000 cél.mL-1), intermediária (400.000 a 500.000 cél.mL-1) e alta (>750.000 cél.mL-1) CCS. O leite utilizado para compor cada grupo, em quatro repetições, foi coletado na granja leiteira da Fazenda da Aeronáutica, na cidade de Pirassununga-SP. O leite in natura de cada grupo foi submetido a desnate para obtenção do creme e do leite semidesnatado, tratados termicamente por pasteurização lenta e rápida, nesta sequência, seguido do envase asséptico em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). No leite in natura, o percentual de gordura foi menor (P<0,05) no grupo com baixa CCS em relação aos demais grupos. Observou-se, ainda para o leite in natura, maior teor de proteínas (3,42%) no grupo de alta CCS. Para as frações protéicas do leite semidesnatado, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05), com exceção da &beta;-caseína que apresentou maior concentração nos grupos de baixa e alta CCS (P<0,05). No grupo de CCS intermediária, o leite semidesnatado apresentou 8,98, 10,17 e 6,14 mg.mL-1 das frações &alpha;-caseína, &beta;-caseína e &kappa;-caseína, respectivamente. A participação da &alpha;S2-caseína, fração protéica verificada em menores proporções neste estudo, foi de 9,89; 10,59 e 14,97% em relação ao total de caseína, nos grupos de baixa, intermediária e alta CCS. Houve predominância dos ácidos palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0), oléico (C18:1) e mirístico (C14:0), em todos os grupos de contagem de células somáticas e nos tempos utilizados para avaliação do creme de leite. No entanto, a concentração de ácido oléico (C18:1) foi menor nos cremes com CCS intermediária e alta (P<0,05), em relação ao grupo de baixa CCS. Os ácidos saturados apresentaram variação de 53,9 a 58,1% em relação aos insaturados. Os ácidos de cadeia curta estiveram presentes no creme de leite em aproximadamente 8,15%, enquanto os de cadeia média e longa participam com cerca de 47 e 44%, respectivamente. A CCS influenciou na concentração de &beta;-caseína do leite semidesnatado, ao passo que, no creme de leite, a diminuição do teor de ácido oléico associada ao aumento da CCS indicou maior atividade lipolítica sobre os ácidos graxos de cadeia longa durante o período de 30 dias de estocagem. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of somatic cell counts (SCC) levels on the physic-chemical and microbiological characteristics of both pasteurized semi-skimmed milk and milk cream, over 28 and 30 days of refrigerated storage. The semi-skimmed milk protein fractions were checked on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, whereas the pasteurized milk cream fatty acids profile was checked on days 1, 10, 20 and 30 after each production. Three experimental groups were defined with low (<100.000 cel.mL-1), intermediate (400.000 to 500.000 cel.mL-1) and high (>750.000 cel.mL-1) SCC. The milk used in each group, with four repetitions, was collected in the Air Force dairy farm in Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil. The raw milk in each group was skimmed to obtain the cream, thermally treated by slow pasteurization, and the semi-skimmed milk (fast pasteurization), followed by aseptic bottling in high density polyethylene bottles. In the raw milk, significant differences were verified by the Tukey test (P<0,05) for the parameter fat in the level of low SCC in relation to the other groups. It was also observed for the raw milk a higher rate of proteins (3,42%) in the group of high SCC, while the low count group presented 2,83% protein. For the protein fractions in the pasteurized semi-skimmed milk, with an exception of the &beta;-casein which presented statistical difference for the 5% significance level between the low and high SCC groups, no other significant differences were observed. In the intermediate SCC group the pasteurized semi-skimmed milk presented 8,98 mg.mL-1 for &alpha;-casein, 10,17 mg.mL-1 for &beta;-casein and 6,14 mg.mL-1 for &kappa;-casein fractions. The &alpha;s2-casein was the protein fraction with the lowest proportions in this study, with 9,89% (low SCC), 10,59% (intermediate SCC) and 14,97% (high SCC) in relation to the casein total. There was predominance of palmitic acids (C16:0), estearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1) and miristic (C14:0) in all somatic cell counts groups and the times used to evaluate the pasteurized milk cream. However, lower levels of oleic acid (C18:1) were observed in creams with high and intermediate SCC, when compared with the lower SCC cream. The saturated acids presented variation of 53,9 to 58,1% in relation to the unsaturated ones. The short chain acids were found in the pasteurized milk cream with about 8,15%, while the ones with medium and long chains were 47% and 44% respectively. The SCC influenced the concentration of &beta;-casein in semiskimmed milk, while the decrease in oleic acid as observed in the cream samples containing higher SCC indicated higher lipolytic activity on the long-chain fatty acid in the product during 30 days of storage.

Este trabalho é um estudo da circulação de livros e práticas de leitura entre anarquistas atuantes na cidade de São Paulo na década de 1930. Foi analisada a formação e o desenvolvimento do acervo da biblioteca do Centro de Cultura Social (CCS). Organizado por anarquistas em 1933 e fechado em 1937 com o Golpe do Estado Novo, encerrando sua primeira fase. Sua biblioteca, neste período foi constituída por livros, jornais e documentos de militantes anarco-sindicalistas e tinha como função servir de subsídio para as atividades deste centro de cultura, como leituras comentadas, palestras, cursos e atividades teatrais. Além desta fonte de pesquisa foram usados também resenhas e anúncios de venda de livros publicados nos jornais A Lanterna e A Plebe, entre 1933 e 1935 e documentos do DEOPS/SP, tais como autos de busca e apreensão de bibliotecas particulares de anarquistas e relatórios de investigação que tratavam de circulação de livros e jornais libertários. As pesquisas sobre história dos livros e práticas de leitura de Robert Darnton foram usadas como referencial teórico. Entre os autores dos livros da antiga biblioteca do Centro de Cultura Social e das bibliotecas particulares apreendidas chamam a atenção clássicos do anarquismo como Malatesta, Proudhon, Kropotkin, Elisée Reclus, mas também autores como Marx e Trotsky. Quanto aos gêneros literários foram encontrados ensaios, crônicas, romances e poesias. No que se refere à circulação dos livros verificou-se que eram vendidos em algumas livrarias na cidade de São Paulo, através dos jornais libertários e pelos próprios militantes. Entre os anarquistas eram frequentes tanto as práticas de leituras comentadas em espaços como centros de cultura e bibliotecas populares quanto às leituras individuais de obras adquiridas através de compra e guardadas em pequenos acervos particulares / This work is a study of the circulation of books and reading practices among anarchists active in the city of São Paulo in the 1930s. We analyzed the formation and development collection of the Centro de Cultura Social (CCS) Library. This center was organized by anarchists in the year 1933 and closed in 1937 on the occasion of the Estado Novo, ending its first phase. His library in that period consisted of books, newspapers, anarcho-syndicalist militant documents and had the duty to serve as input to the center of culture activities, as commented readings, lectures, courses and theatrical activities. In addition to this source of research we also used reviews and adverts of selling published books in the newspaper A Lanterna and A Plebe, between 1933 and 1935 and DEOPS / SP documents, such as notices of search and seizure of anarchists private libraries and research reports about books circulation and newspapers libertarians. Were used as a theoretical research of Robert Darnton on the history of books and reading practices. About the authors of the books of both libraries, the old library of the Centro de Cultura Social and the private libraries seized, draw attention classic authors of anarchism as Malatesta, Proudhon, Kropotkin, Reclus Elisée, but also others like Marx and Trotsky. In the Literary genres we found essays, stories, novels and poetry. Regarding to the circulation of books, was found that some were sold in bookstores in the city of São Paulo, through newspapers libertarians and by the militants. Among the anarchists were frequent as commented reading practices on spaces like centers of culture and public libraries as the readings of individual works acquired through purchase and stored in small private collections

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17130号 / 工博第3620号 / 新制||工||1549(附属図書館) / 29869 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査）教授 松岡 俊文, 教授 小池 克明, 教授 清野 純史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

This master’s thesis dissertate the possibilities of the linkage between Asterisk softswitch and the 4th generation private branch exchange. This should create a new generation’s network, so-called NGN, by the convergence of existing telecommunication networks with an IP computer network. This master’s thesis is divided into several chapters. In introduction is described the evolution of the private branch exchanges as well as the principles of the voice digitizing, codecs and signaling commonly used in both TDM and VoIP networks. The main aim of this project is the configuration of Asterisk software exchange for connection with PBX Alcatel 4400 as well as public phone network PSTN. Another goal of this master’s thesis was the configuration of Alcatel PBX and diagnostics of CCS and CAS signaling on E1 interface. In conclusion there are summarized advantages of NGN networks and their utilization in the future.

Yes / Evaluation of economic aspects is one of the main milestones that affect taking rapid actions in dealing with GHGs mitigation; in particular, avoiding CO2 emissions from large source points, such as power plants. In the present study, three kinds of capturing solutions for coal power plants as the most common source of electricity generation have been studied from technical and economic standpoints. Aspen HYSYS (ver.11) has been used to simulate the overall processes, calculate the battery limit, and assess required equipment. The Taylor scoring method has been utilized to calculate the costliness indexes, assessing the capital and investment costs of a 230 MW power plant using anthracite coal with and without post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture technologies. Comparing the costs and the levelized cost of electricity, it was found that pre-combustion is more costly, to the extent that the total investment for it is approximately 1.6 times higher than the oxy-fuel process. Finally, post-combustion, in terms of maturity and cost-effectiveness, seems to be more attractive, since the capital cost and indirect costs are less. Most importantly, this can be applied to the existing plants without major disruption to the current operation of the plants.

No description available.

The combination of Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) can reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is, therefore, seen as an interesting tool in the CO2 abatement portfolio. In a Swedish context, BECCS could contribute to the goal of CO2 neutrality by 2045. This thesis aims to investigate the application of BECCS in the district heating system of Stockholm region with a case study at the energy utility Fortum Värme. The focus of the study is the technical and economic feasibility of such an application. The applicability of Fortum Värme´s plants to implement carbon capture is investigated together with costs and technical implications on each applicable plant and the district heating system as a whole. Three plants are deemed feasible for carbon capture with a cost of about 45€/tonne of captured CO2 (not including transport or storage). A model for transport of CO2 to promising storage sites in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark is constructed for transport by pipeline and ship. Ship transport is estimated to be the most cost-efficient option in all scenarios. The total cost for BECCS is calculated at 70-100€/tonne depending on size of emissions and distance to storage locations. Furthermore, the total cost is calculated to decrease by 10-25% if some current promising technologies for carbon capture reach maturity, a market for transport services of CO2 evolves, and a number of actors are sharing the costs for storage.Calculated costs are on a similar price level as other CO2 abatement strategies such as CCS in industries, biogas, and biodiesel in the vehicle fleet. If the cost is applied directly to the heat price, without any subsidies, it would increase the price of heat by 14-21%.The major challenge of BECCS in combined heat and power production, compared to other studies based on power production, is the seasonality of heat demand. The capacity of the carbon capture system will be oversized during the summer, or undersized during the winter. This is an optimization challenge which has to be further studied.

This dissertation describes the design and optimization of a CO2-capture unit using aqueous amines to remove of carbon dioxide from the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant. In particular we construct a monolithic model of a carbon capture unit and conduct a rigorous optimization to find the lowest solvent regeneration energy yet reported. Carbon capture is primarily motivated by environmental concerns. The goal of our work is to help make carbon capture and storage (CCS) a more efficient for the sort of universal deployment called for by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to stabilize anthropomorphic contributions to climate change, though there are commercial applications such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We employ the latest simulation tools from Aspen Tech to rigorously model, design, and optimize acid gas systems. We extend this modeling approach to leverage Aspen Plus in the .NET framework through Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM). Our work successfully increases the efficiency of acid gas capture. We report a result optimally implementing multiple energy-saving schemes to reach a thermal regeneration energy of 1.67 GJ/tonne. By contrast, the IPCC had reported that leading technologies range from 2.7 to 3.3 GJ/tonne in 2005. Our work has received significant endorsement for industrial implementation by the senior management from the world's second largest chemical corporation, Sinopec, as being the most efficient technology known today. / Ph. D.