Durante meu mestrado selecionei textos específicos de Marcel Duchamp: textos teóricos nos quais ele reflete sobre o mundo das artes. São palestras que ele deu em universidades, cartas e catálogos para as exposições que ele organizava cujos textos são dele. Este material é fundamental para entender como este artista tão radical entendia a arte e como se esforçava para propagar suas concepções. São temas surpreendentes porque Duchamp teve um importante papel na apresentação da arte européia aos Estados Unidos trabalhando como curador durante um bom período. É impressionante vê-lo apresentando Picasso, Calder ou Matisse. Ou então defendendo os motivos pelos quais todo artista deve cursar uma universidade. São textos que todo estudante de arte deveria ler. Ou melhor, todos que gostam ou trabalham com arte... Este material foi selecionado e traduzido a partir dos originais em inglês e francês que estão nos livros Duchamp du Signe - écrits (Paris, Flammarion, 1975) e The Writings of Marcel Duchamp (New York, Da Capo Preess, 1989) , organizados por Michel Sanouillet com a colaboração de Elmer Peterson (ambos contém os mesmos textos, um em inglês e outro em francês). É uma seleção que cobre de 25 a 30% do total destes livros. Deixei fora do meu recorte todas as notas que fazem parte das próprias obras de Duchamp e têm um caráter poético intenso, recorrendo frequentemente a sofisticados trocadilhos dignos de uma tradução pelos irmãos Campos. Além da tradução dos textos teóricos, meu trabalho têm mais duas partes. Um posfácio, no qual faço uma leitura das obras de Duchamp iluminada exclusivamente pelos textos que estão traduzidos na primeira parte e um Apêndice - que é a parte que mais gosto. Este apêndice é uma brincadeira com Duchamp. Proponho um Ready-made para definir um perfil de sua obra recortando dos textos que ele escreveu sobre outros artistas apenas as caracteríscas que estão fortemente presentes no próprio trabalho dele. Como apontaram na minha banca, é quase uma leitura de revelação psicanalítica ao indicar como vemos nos outros aquilo que temos em nós. / This work selects specific texts of Marcel Duchamp: theoretical texts in which Duchamp reflects about the art world. This texts are lectures that Marcel Duchamp gave at universities, letters and catalogs for the exhibitions that he organized and whose texts Duchamp signed. This material is essential to understand how a so radical artist understood art as he struggled to propagate his views. Duchamp played an important role in introducing European art to the United States by working as curator for a long period. It\'s amazing to read his texts presenting Picasso, Calder or Matisse. Or even defending the reasons why every artist should attend the university. These are texts that every art student or art lover should read. This material was selected and translated from the originals published on the books Duchamp du Signe - écrits (Paris, Flammarion, 1975) and The Writings of Marcel Duchamp (New York, Da Capo Preess, 1989), organized by Michel Sanouillet with the collaboration of Elmer Peterson (both contain the same texts, the first one in French, the second one in English). This selection covers 25% to 30% of these books. I left out of my selection all the notes that are part of the own works of Duchamp and have an intense poetic character, often using sophisticated puns. Besides the translation of theoretical texts, my work have two more parts. An afterword, which is a view of Duchamp\'s works illuminated only by the texts which are translated at the first part and an Appendix - which is the part I like best. This appendix is a joke on Duchamp. I propose a Ready-made to define a profile of his work cutting from the texts he wrote about other artists only traces that are strongly present in his own work. It´s almost a psychoanalytic reading that indicates how we see in others what we have in us.

This thesis is focused on making application for mobile devices, which records progress of chess game. This is achieved by image recognition on input from camera. Chess figures are classified by neural network. Usage of application is during training or real matches to record games and then for analyzing these games. For analyzing, my application offers record in standard algebraic notation. User can also add notes to every game.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study is about the author, a primary school teacher, who as a teacher-researcher wanted to improve the awareness of HIV/AIDS that has become a major challenge globally and has been on the increase over the past two-and-a-half decades, especially so, in sub-Saharan Africa. This is in spite of an "overflow" of HIV/AIDS information. The thesis documents two action research projects. Both of them are based on an emancipatory action research methodology. It has long been recognised that the HIV/AIDS pandemic requires more than medical attention and that the way in which teachers deal with HIV/AIDS education, especially at primary school level, becomes critical. A fundamental assumption of this study is that teachers play a critical role and are often the main adults, other than family members, with whom young people interact on a daily basis. Teachers can and must play a vital role in the development of valuable behavioural guidelines about reproductive health amongst the youth. This study views teachers, and more so primary school teachers, as important role players in the struggle to come to terms with HIV/AIDS. In reflecting about the HIV/AIDS pandemic, I realised that my classroom practice was characterised by a "culture of silence" when it came to discussing sex and matters concerning sexuality. The study sets out to enhance behavioural change in the way learners think about sex and sexuality and includes a continuous process of self reflection, self-awareness, planning and appropriate action. In Chapter One, I have tried to locate what I would regard as the problem in my teaching. I became increasingly convinced that my classroom practices might well be contributing to a lack of interweaving HIV/AIDS education into curriculum activity, while at the same time, promoting a "culture of silence" when it comes to issues of sex and sexuality. I arrived at this particular point as a result of reflectively looking at my own teaching career, as well as my own historical and schooling background which I felt has impacted on the way I teach. In this chapter I also give a brief historical background of the school where I teach and where I conducted my research. Towards the end of the chapter, I emphasise that teachers, including myself, need to redefine their role so as to empower students by creating the opportunity for their "voices" to be heard. I also explain concepts used in this written account such as "culture of silence" and "transformative intellectuals". In Chapter Two, I address the HIV and AIDS pandemic debate in more detail. I look at the impact of HIV/AIDS on education and how the implementation of an outcomes - based curriculum (C2005) takes up the HIV/AIDS challenge. In addition to this, I attempt to unpack the Western Cape Education Department's plans and policy concerning HIV/AIDS, after which I focus on breaking the HIV/AIDS "culture of silence". Before I conclude the chapter, I critically engage with the idea of the teacher as a researcher and critical change agent in an HIV/AIDS challenged society. In Chapter Three I provide a brief historical background of the development of action research. I point out how Lewin (1948) and Stenhouse's (1975) idea of action research was later taken up further and given a more critical perspective by writers such as Elliott (1985), Hopkins (1985), Walker (1985), Carr & Kemrnis (1986), Grundy (1987), Winter (1989), McKernan (2000), Meerkotter (2002) and McNiff & Whitehead (2006). I start with the defining (with due regard for the pitfalls of definitions) of action research and then focus on the nature and practices of an emancipatory action research approach. In this chapter I also elaborate on the reasons why I have decided on emancipatory action research as the main approach for this investigation. Chapter Four focuses on my first action research project where I set out to hear my students' "voice". And to contribute to the development of their voice to empower them with regard to sex and sexuality issues, a voice reflecting their increasing understanding of the seriousness of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and most of all a "critical voice" as purported by Freire (1972; 1980), Giroux (1988; 1991) and McLaren (1991; 2006). My second action research project "Checkmating HIV/AIDS", which is described in detail in Chapter Five, is a continuation of the first action research project where I tried to break down the "culture of silence" concerning HIV/AIDS and sex and sexuality in my classroom. On reflecting about the first project, I realized that awareness alone was not going to be enough to take up the HIV/AIDS prevention challenge. Infusing awareness with action was my next step, and sport, being a rallying point on our country's Transformation and Nation Building agenda became the ideal educational tool for this process. For successful prevention, individuals must be able to make decisions to protect themselves. In the second project I focus specifically on one code of sport, namely chess. In this second project, I set out to discuss the potential of using this code of sport to take up the HIV/AIDS challenge. Chapter Six is the concluding chapter. The question posed is: Can we ever win the battle against HIV/AIDS? Is it possible to change the way we think about sex and matters concerning sexuality? Thereafter the concept of change is interrogated and "clarified" in the context of my study. This is followed by looking at the two projects, and I specifically focus on whether these projects had been liberatory or transformative. I then address the issue concerning teachers as "transformative intellectuals" and teacher researchers and conclude by proposing emancipatory action research as a "vehicle" for change. Too often the response to the pandemic produces plans that list endless interventions. I strongly recommend that further research relating to the role of sport in education, with specific reference to HIV/AIDS, be prioritised. The argument being that sport, recreation and play are increasingly elements of development programmes around the world, contributing to the well-being, health and education of children and young people. If chess can contribute to checkmating HIV/AIDS and basketball to dunking HIV/AIDS then a big code such as soccer can definitely contribute to "dribbling" and "tackling" the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Especially, in view of the fact, that South Africa is hosting and showcasing the soccer world cup of 2010.

Board games are on the rise and chess is no exception. However, in an increasingly digitalized world these board games lack something in comparison to digitalized games, being able to play with anyone anywhere. This project aimed to combine these two worlds by being a physical game of chess where one could play against an opponent from far away. CheckMate is a robot consisting of an acrylic frame and various electronic components, such as an electromagnet, two stepper motors, a Hall eect sensor and a WiFi module. The electromagnet and Hall eect sensor were able to move using a belt and pulley system. This allowed magnetic pieces to be identified and dragged across the board. The board then communicated the location of all the pieces on the board, using Wifi, to an website that also kept track on whose turn it was. The result of this project was a robot that was able to perform all the moves necessary on the chessboard as well as communicating to the website. When moving a piece from one location to another the piece repelled other pieces on its way. However, this was deemed to be acceptable since the pieces were not moved too large of a distance for the electromagnet to attract them when moved into its square. One move that the robot was not able to perform was castling. The results can therefore bee seen as a starting point toward further developments. / Brädspels popularitet stiger och schack är inget undantag. Dock saknar brädspel de digitala spelens möjlighet att spela med vem som helst varsomhelst. Detta projekt ville bygga över klyftorna mellan dessa två världar genom att vara ett fysiskt schackspel med de digitala spelens möjligheter. CheckMate är en robot byggd av akrylplast och diverse elektroniska komponenter sådan som en elektromagnet, två stegmotorer, en halleektsensor och en WiFi-modul. Elektromagneten och halleektsensorn förflyttades via ett system av kuggremmar drivet av stegmotorerna. Elektromagneten användes för att flytta pjäserna på brädet medan halleektsensorn användes vid kartläggning av pjäsernas position på brädet. Brädet kommunicerade, via trådlöst nätverk, till en hemsida som användes för att spara och överföra pjäsernas positioner. Projektet resulterade i en robot som kunde göra alla motsvarande drag hämtat från hemsidan. Dock så repellerade en flyttande pjäs på de stationära pjäserna när den passerade. Detta ansågs dock vara acceptabelt då elektromagneten kunde föra tillbaka pjäserna när den befann sig i dess ruta. Något som projektet ej lyckades utföra var draget rockad. Resultatet av detta projekt kan ses som en startpunkt i en vidareutveckling eller en färdig produkt vid obesvärad spelning.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune neurological disease. Its therapeutic management has drastically evolved in the recent years with the development of specific disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Together with the established injectables, oral and intravenous alternatives are now available for MS patients with significant benefits to modulate the disease course. Certain drugs present with a higher efficacy than the others, profiles and frequencies of adverse events differentiate as well. Thus due to the several and different treatment alternatives, the therapeutic approach adopted by neurologists requires a tactical focus for a targeted, timed, and meaningful treatment decision. An integration of rational and emotional control with proper communication skills is necessary for shared decision-making with patients. In this perspective paper, we reinforce the necessary concept of strategic MS treatment approach using all available therapies based on scientific evidence and current experience. We apply a didactic analogy to the strategic game chess. The opening with oriented attack (i.e. already in early disease stages as clinical isolated syndrome), a correct choice of chess pieces to move (i.e. among the several DMTs), a re-assessment reaction to different scenarios (e.g. sustained disease activity, adverse events, and family planning) and the advantage of real-world data are discussed to try the best approach to ultimately successfully approach the best personalized MS treatment.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Modern technology is making virtual environments a part of daily life. However, some constraints about the usage of virtual environments, such as the need for high performance and well-configured computers, prevent users from accessing virtual environments in some places other than special computer rooms. Mobile devices may be used to solve this limitation in a virtual environment. The remote-control approach to access virtual worlds on the Internet or on a corporate network is a new concept that opens new doors to users. First step of this approach is already in use, such as games implemented for mobile devices using the screen of a mobile device as display, and has given satisfying results for some users. This research will take the user, who not only wants to be mobile but also does not want to sacrifice high resolution textures and complex models, closer to his/her goal. Mobile devices provide mobility to the user, but sacrifice not only the reality of the virtual environments but also screen size, which is very important for visibility of complex virtual environments. The hybrid approach with wireless internet connection by using mobile devices as remote control gives the user the advantages of mobility over desktop PCs. On the other hand, the realism provided by high-quality PCs on the server side exceeds the capabilities of mobile devices. / Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy

This thesis deals with enumerative combinatorics applied to three different objects related to partition shapes, namely tableaux, restricted words, and Bruhat intervals. The main scientific contributions are the following. Paper I: Let the sign of a standard Young tableau be the sign of the permutation you get by reading it row by row from left to right, like a book. A conjecture by Richard Stanley says that the sum of the signs of all SYTs with n squares is 2^[n/2]. We prove a generalisation of this conjecture using the Robinson-Schensted correspondence and a new concept called chess tableaux. The proof is built on a remarkably simple relation between the sign of a permutation pi and the signs of its RS-corresponding tableaux P and Q, namely sgn(pi) = (−1)^v sgn(P)sgn(Q), where v is the number of disjoint vertical dominoes that fit in the partition shape of P and Q. The sign-imbalance of a partition shape is defined as the sum of the signs of all standard Young tableaux of that shape. As a further application of the sign-transferring formula above, we also prove a sharpening of another conjecture by Stanley concerning weighted sums of squares of sign-imbalances. Paper II: We generalise some of the results in paper I to skew tableaux. More precisely, we examine how the sign property is transferred by the skew Robinson-Schensted correspondence invented by Sagan and Stanley. The result is a surprisingly simple generalisation of the ordinary non-skew formula above. As an application, we find vanishing weighted sums of squares of sign-imbalances, thereby generalising a variant of Stanley’s second conjecture. Paper III: The following special case of a conjecture by Loehr and Warrington was proved by Ekhad, Vatter, and Zeilberger: There are 10^n zero-sum words of length 5n in the alphabet {+3,−2} such that no consecutive subword begins with +3, ends with −2, and sums to −2. We give a simple bijective proof of the conjecture in its original and more general setting where 3 and 2 are replaced by any relatively prime positive integers a and b, 10^n is replaced by ((a+b) choose a)^n, and 5n is replaced by (a+b)n. To do this we reformulate the problem in terms of cylindrical lattice walks which can be interpreted as the south-east border of certain partition shapes. Paper IV: We characterise the permutations pi such that the elements in the closed lower Bruhat interval [id,pi] of the symmetric group correspond to non-capturing rook configurations on a skew Ferrers board. These intervals turn out to be exactly those whose flag manifolds are defined by inclusions, as defined by Gasharov and Reiner. The characterisation connects Poincaré polynomials (rank-generating functions) of Bruhat intervals with q-rook polynomials, and we are able to compute the Poincaré polynomial of some particularly interesting intervals in the finite Weyl groups A_n and B_n. The expressions involve q-Stirling numbers of the second kind, and for the group A_n putting q = 1 yields the poly-Bernoulli numbers defined by Kaneko. / Ämnet för denna avhandling är enumerativ kombinatorik tillämpad på tre olika objekt med anknytning till partitionsformer, nämligen tablåer, begränsade ord och bruhatintervall. Dom viktigaste vetenskapliga bidragen är följande. Artikel I: Låt tecknet av en standardtablå vara tecknet hos permutationen man får om man läser tablån rad för rad från vänster till höger, som en bok. En förmodan av Richard Stanley säjer att teckensumman av alla standardtablåer med n rutor är 2^[n/2]. Vi visar en generalisering av denna förmodan med hjälp av Robinson-Schensted-korrespondensen och ett nytt begrepp som vi kallar schacktablåer. Beviset bygger på ett anmärkningsvärt enkelt samband mellan tecknet hos en permutation pi och tecknen hos dess RS-motsvarande tablåer P och Q, nämligen sgn(pi)=(-1)^v sgn(P)sgn(Q), där v är antalet disjunkta vertikala dominobrickor som får plats i partitionsformen hos P och Q. Teckenobalansen hos en partitionsform definieras som teckensumman av alla standardtablåer av den formen. Som en ytterligare tillämpning av formeln för teckenöverföring ovan bevisar vi också en starkare variant av en annan förmodan av Stanley som handlar om viktade summor av kvadrerade teckenobalanser. Artikel II: Vi generaliserar några av resultaten i artikel I till skeva tablåer. Närmare bestämt undersöker vi hur teckenegenskapen överförs av Sagan och Stanleys skeva Robinson-Schensted-korrespondens. Resultatet är en förvånansvärt enkel generalisering av den vanliga ickeskeva formeln ovan. Som en tillämpning visar vi att vissa viktade summor av kvadrerade teckenobalanser blir noll, vilket leder till en generalisering av en variant av Stanleys andra förmodan. Artikel III: Följande specialfall av en förmodan av Loehr och Warrington bevisades av Ekhad, Vatter och Zeilberger: Det finns 10^n ord med summan noll av längd 5n i alfabetet {+3,-2} sådana att inget sammanhängande delord börjar med +3, slutar med -2 och har summan -2. Vi ger ett enkelt bevis för denna förmodan i dess ursprungliga allmännare utförande där 3 och 2 byts ut mot vilka som helst relativt prima positiva heltal a och b, 10^n byts ut mot ((a+b) över a)^n och 5n mot (a+b)n. För att göra detta formulerar vi problemet i termer av cylindriska latticestigar som kan tolkas som den sydöstra gränslinjen för vissa partitionsformer. Artikel IV: Vi karakteriserar dom permutationer pi sådana att elementen i det slutna bruhatintervallet [id,pi] i symmetriska gruppen motsvarar ickeslående tornplaceringar på ett skevt ferrersbräde. Dessa intervall visar sej vara precis dom vars flaggmångfalder är definierade av inklusioner, ett begrepp introducerat av Gasharov och Reiner. Karakteriseringen skapar en länk mellan poincarépolynom (ranggenererande funktioner) för bruhatintervall och q-tornpolynom, och vi kan beräkna poincarépolynomet för några särskilt intressanta intervall i dom ändliga weylgrupperna A_n och B_n. Uttrycken innehåller q-stirlingtal av andra sorten, och sätter man q=1 för grupp A_n så får man Kanekos poly-bernoullital. / QC 20100818

Procedurell generering är ett kraftigt verktyg för att kunna skapa en stor mängd spelvärldar utan att själv behöva manuellt designa spelplaner en och en. Med bra programmerade algoritmer kan man få tillgång till en nästan obegränsad mängd av unika spelvärldar med mycket mindre arbete. Vårt uppdrag är att skapa spellogiken och spelplansgenerering till ett spel som ska skickas in som bidrag till Swedish Game Awards[1], som är nordens största tävling för spelutveckling. Vi samarbetar med en annan grupp som ska göra Nätverk och Server-funktionalitet. Deras uppgift är att skapa en huvudserver-applikation, och ett klient/server-system där två spelare kan spela mot varandra med en av spelarna som agerar server. Slutgiltiga målet är att integrera de två olika projekteten till en slutgiltig produkt. Spelet vi tänker skapa är ett schack-baserat spel som utspelar sig i en 3D-miljö. De två spelarna kommer att ha en mängd olika enheter som de kan välja att köpa för sina pengar, kallade för credits i spelet. Spelarna använder sina enheter för att förstöra motspelarens enheter, och målet är att besegra motståndarens kung. Spelet pågår tills någon av spelarnas kungar är besegrad eller tills en av spelarna ger upp. / Procedural generation is a powerful tool for creating a large set of game worlds without having to design each one individually. With the proper implementation, this can allow an almost unlimited amount of unique game worlds using far less resource and time. Our task is to create the game logic and game map generation for a game that will be entered as a contestant in Swedish Game Awards, the biggest competition for game development in the Nordic Countries. We will be working in parallel with a separate group who will be implementing the networking side of the application, where the goal is to have a server where two players can play against each other from separate end systems. As the deadline for the competition approaches, we will then combine the two projects to a finished product. The game we are creating is a chess-influenced game that takes place in a 3D world. Two players will have access to different types of units that can be purchased by the in game resource known as credits, and the main objective is to defeat the enemy king. One game session continues until either of the two kings is defeated, or one of the players surrender.

A qualitative investigation was conducted to explore the phenomenon of abstract cognition among a purposive sample of 5 secondary scholastic chess club participants. The case study enabled the researcher to explore the faculties of abstract cognition among students of contrasting skills and abilities in playing chess. The study also allowed for the consideration of potential visual-spatial, logical, academic, social competency and life benefits of chess play. Through analysis of interviews, chess simulations, blindfold chess play, and narration of chess lines and sequences, the investigator was able to extract meaning and code schemata into a holistic understanding of the phenomenon of abstract cognition within the context of Piaget’s Formal Operations Stage. Scholastic chess systematically engages the student in a stimuli-enriched environment in which the participant must exercise optimal cognitive control in processing and anticipating chess lines and sequences, thus facilitating the manifestation and phenomenon of abstract cognition. Abstract cognition as a phenomenon may elicit increased academic, scholarly, and life potential. Participation in scholastic chess may produce both scholarly and critical thinking individuals. Suggestions for future research include continuing qualitative research in the area of abstract cognition among chess players and developing a stronger understanding of cognitive growth in students.

Ce travail a porté sur l'application de la microtomographie à rayons X à la caractérisation de la géométrie de fractures et milieux poreux soumis à des réactions de dissolution, afin de mieux comprendre les relations existant entre les réactions chimiques, les modifications de géométrie, et l'évolution des écoulements et du transport réactif. Les observations ont permis de mettre en évidence la nature instable des phénomènes de dissolution, qui peuvent conduire à une augmentation rapide de la perméabilité. L'implication de la minéralogie et de la texture des roches naturelles paraît également déterminante dans l'évolution de la rugosité des surfaces, du transport des éléments à l'interface eau-minéral, et des motifs de dissolution. Le modèle de transport réactif HYTEC a ensuite été utilisé afin de mettre en évidence le rôle de la géométrie, de la relation porosité - diffusivité, et de la valeur des nombres de Damköhler et de Péclet dans l'évolution du transport des espèces en solution.