‘Cohabitation’ has become another form of ‘marriage’. It appears to be challenging what is regarded by many as a traditional marriage practice. As a trend cohabitation has found resistance from those who cling to traditional marriage practices such as Christian marriage and African marriage. It has raised moral concerns, especially among the churches. The New Testament has been used to address moral issues, and consequently, there is a tendency to regard the New Testament as an authority on such issues. The first letter of Paul to the Corinthians, chapter seven, one text among many, in both the Hebrew Scriptures and the New Testament, has been used authoritatively to address issues surrounding marriage, divorce, marriage annulments, celibacy and sexual conduct. Richard Hays sees the New Testament as being ‘normative’ in dealing with such ethical issues. In this dissertation I argue that when dealing with issues of ethics the New Testament is insufficient to address contemporary moral issues. On its own the New Testament cannot be taken as normative as other sources offer influential views that must be taken into account including the role of conscience as well as how Paul links a theology of the body with his moral theology. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (New Testament)

This Master Theses deals with the changes of the family and marriage in last century. The changes in the character of Czech demographic behaviour, in the field of reproduction, represent consequences of a modern cultural change, whose bearers are contemporary young Czech generation.The low marriage rate and birth rate are inevitable phenomena accompanying these cultural changes. In the 1990´s of the 20th century there was a decrease in the percentage of marrying young people.It brought about higher legitimacy to other types of households such as unmarried cohabitation, single and other alternative kinds of cohabitation. The change is also in division of roles in the family. I focus on the perception, how these changes are reflected by the church in its dogma. I also concentrate on the possibility to compare it with the findings of experts.

Cohabitation is becoming more prevalent in western society so that up to 7.5 million cohabiting couples were reported in the USA for the year 2010. The present study investigated whether the cohabitants’ attachment style might be one of the reasons for cohabitation gaining such popularity. Attachment styles as well as socio-demographic variables were compared in regard to the partnership status. A sample of 1,002 participants aged 18 to 60 were used as a representative sample (M = 43.5, SD = 10.9), of which 54% were female and 82% were married. The cohabitants were younger, more highly educated, and less frequently affiliated with a church. The cohabitants were more anxious-attached, especially those of a younger age. A one-point increase in value on the AAS anxiety scale almost doubled the possibility of cohabitation. Most of the variance can be explained by socio-demographic variables. However, based on these representative data, and after controlling for socio-demographic variables, attachment anxiety is still connected to cohabitation. The diverse results in the literature may be explained by differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample.

L’amitié en droit privé est un sujet qui peut surprendre, par sa teinte oxymorique. L’amitié, situation de fait et relation informelle, semble très peu juridique. Elle peut désigner des formes d’intimité différentes, qui représentent des degrés d’amitié, pouvant soulever des problèmes juridiques différents. Cette nature polysémique, conjuguée à la difficulté d’identification d’un phénomène factuel et fugace rendent toute tentative de définition de l’amitié stérile. De ce fait, toute approche notionnelle comme normative est inaccessible. Pourtant, le droit n’ignore pas l’amitié. Il la redoute mais la protège également. L’intérêt de l’étude est de démontrer comment le droit s’accommode de l’absence de définition de ce phénomène pour lui offrir une place. Une approche fractionnée, en fonction des enjeux soulevés, permet au droit d’appréhender l’amitié dans chacune de ses formes, de l’amitié utilitariste à l’amitié durable et stable, sans avoir besoin d’une définition générale et abstraite. Cette approche téléologique permet également de laisser à l’amitié un domaine de liberté car l’appréhension de l’amitié nécessite de prendre en considération le libre choix qui la caractérise. Elle ne peut donc être saisie uniquement par une norme impérative. L’appréhension juridique de l’amitié contourne l’écueil de sa définition par un subtil équilibre entre norme, contrat et juge. Le droit privé dépasse tout ce qui semblait être rédhibitoire à première vue et qui rendait cette interaction presque inconcevable. C’est là sans doute la réelle originalité de cette interaction : au-delà du dépassement de la nécessité d’une définition juridique, l’amitié a sa place en droit privé / Friendship is one of the most important social institutions : it binds society together. Yet, we could wonder what the law has to do with it. It seems impossible to define friendship, and the law needs a definition to identify a relationship. However, private law does not ignore friendship. The law copes with it about partiality, about conflicts of interests and about several misdeneanors. Law fears friendship as it may change the balance of interests protected by law. It also happens in Contract law, when friendship is the reason of binding. On the other side, law has to protect friendship, as it is important for the personal development. Friendship is included in protection of privacy by the European Court of Human Right. Friendship is also protected because it can be useful to take care for individual interests, especially when family collapses. Thus, a friend can give an organ to save his friend, he can relay his friend’s will when he is unabled. Friendship do matter in Private Law, even if it cannot be precisely defined. It could even have more legal attention in the future. The real point of the study is to show how the law can deal with this lack of legal definition, and manage to apprehend friendship

Les traditions culturelles et l’histoire commune des états membres de l’UEMOA ont été des facteurs clé de leur rapprochement dans divers domaines. En effet, la monnaie commune de ces différents pays a permis d’instaurer les fondements d’un droit commun des investissements, et une zone de coopération fondée sur une profonde solidarité . Ceci devait se faire, à travers la reconnaissance de la liberté de circulation des capitaux dans le traité du 12 mai 1962 instituant l’UMOA qu’ils s’étaient engagés à transformer en Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine . Au fil du temps, le développement du droit communautaire en Afrique de l’Ouest a évolué et couvert un large champ qui s’étend désormais aux investissements . Les enjeux du Droit International des Investissements, en raison des exigences de la mondialisation des économies, ont contraint les États de l’espace UEMOA, importateurs de capitaux, à faire converger leur réglementation des investissements afin de favoriser leur attractivité et d’en tirer le meilleur parti . La difficulté d’un tel objectif réside d’une part, dans la nécessité d’arriver à̀ concilier leurs intérêts avec ceux des investisseurs ; qui ne sont pas toujours convergents et d’autre part, soulèvent certaines questions concernant le choix des juridictions compétentes et du droit applicable aux conventions d’investissements. L’Union n’a pas dérogé aux standards internationaux de protection des investissements qui existent pour les garanties procédurales . Elle a reconnu la pertinence de l’arbitrage comme principal mode de règlement des différends tout en réaffirmant le principe de la compétence des juridictions nationales et communautaires. Dès lors, pour débattre « de la cohabitation des juridictions encadrant la résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux dans l’UEMOA » thème de l’étude que nous avons menée, nous avons suivi la démarche ci-après : Au Chapitre I, nous avons présenté l’UEMOA dans toute sa composante. Dans le Chapitre II, nous avons présenté les différents investissements au sein de l’UEMOA. Quant au Chapitre III, il a porté des éclairages sur l’arbitrage au sein de l’UEMOA, l’un des principaux modes de résolution des conflits issus des investissements internationaux et traite de certaines sentences arbitrales sur des cas de conflits entre États membres de l’Union et des investisseurs. Par ailleurs, le chapitre IV propose quelques analyses critiques sur la gestion des conflits. Enfin, le Chapitre V, fait état de nos analyses critiques et recommandations à l’effet d’apporter notre contribution pour l’amélioration de cette pratique importante et délicate pour l’Union. / The cultural traditions and the common history of the UEMOA member states have been key factors in bringing them together in various fields. Indeed, the common currency of these different countries has made it possible to establish the foundations of a common investment law, and an area of cooperation based on deep solidarity. This was to be done, through the recognition of the freedom of movement of capital in the treaty of May 12, 1962 establishing the UEMOA which they had undertaken to transform into the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Over time, the development of community law in West Africa has evolved and covered a large field which now extends to and covered to investment. The challenges of International Investment Law, due to the requirements of the globalization of economies, have forced the WAEMU States, importers of capital, to converge their investment regulations in order to promote their attractiveness and draw better. The difficulty of such an objective lies, on the one hand, in the need to manage to reconcile their interests with those of investors ; which are not always convergent and on the other hand, raise certain questions concerning the choice of competent courts and the law applicable to investment agreements. The Union has not departed from the international investment protection standards that exist for procedural guarantees. It recognized the relevance of arbitration as a means of settling disputes while reaffirming the principle of the jurisdiction of national and Community courts. Therefore, to debate "the cohabitation of the jurisdictions framing the arbitration of conflicts arising from international investments in the UEMOA" theme of the study that we conducted, we followed the following approach : vi In Chapter I, we presented UEMOA in its entire component. In Chapter II, we presented the various investments within the UEMOA. As for Chapter III, it shed light on arbitration within the UEMOA and deals with certain arbitral awards on cases of conflicts between Member States of the Union and investors. In addition, Chapter IV offers some critical analyzes on conflict management. Finally, Chapter V presents our critical analyzes and recommendations to make our contribution to the improvement of this important and delicate practice for the Union.

Cohabitation is becoming more prevalent in western society so that up to 7.5 million cohabiting couples were reported in the USA for the year 2010. The present study investigated whether the cohabitants’ attachment style might be one of the reasons for cohabitation gaining such popularity. Attachment styles as well as socio-demographic variables were compared in regard to the partnership status. A sample of 1,002 participants aged 18 to 60 were used as a representative sample (M = 43.5, SD = 10.9), of which 54% were female and 82% were married. The cohabitants were younger, more highly educated, and less frequently affiliated with a church. The cohabitants were more anxious-attached, especially those of a younger age. A one-point increase in value on the AAS anxiety scale almost doubled the possibility of cohabitation. Most of the variance can be explained by socio-demographic variables. However, based on these representative data, and after controlling for socio-demographic variables, attachment anxiety is still connected to cohabitation. The diverse results in the literature may be explained by differences in the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample.

Die Analyse der Stabilität von Partnerschaften und insbesondere Ehen ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil der Familiensoziologie. Die zunehmende Destabilisierung von Ehen bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass dies im Interesse der Akteure liegt. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden insbesondere beruflich selbständige Personen und ihre Partner betrachtet, da hier durch die enge Verknüpfung von privatem Haushalt und dem eigenen Unternehmen die Auflösung der Partnerschaft unter Umständen fatale Konsequenzen für die Erwerbs- und Einkommenssituation beider Partner nach sich zieht. Es stellt sich nun die Frage, ob in solchen Fällen die Partnerschaftsstabilität gezielt durch die Akteure beeinflusst werden kann. Im folgenden soll für dieses Problem ein Lösungsvorschlag diskutiert werden, in dessen Rahmen die Stabilität privater Partnerschaft (auch) als Gegenstand individueller Entscheidung begriffen wird. Im Rahmen dieses Erklärungsmodells wägen die Akteure Nutzen und Risiken spezifischer Investitionen ab und entscheiden somit über das Ausmaß, in dem sie sich zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt an die Beziehung binden wollen.:Problemstellung; Zwei Modelle zur Erklärung der Stabilität von Partnerschaften; Unternehmensbesitz, spezifische Investitionen und Absicherungsbedarf; Daten und Operationalisierungen; Empirische Ergebnisse; Fazit

The current French president has more possibilities to strengthen his position within the political system of the Fifth republic than his predecessors before the year 2000. This is the conclusion of this paper. At the turn of the millennium, French citizens have approved in a referendum the reduction of presidential term from seven to five years. In addition french prime minister initiated the change of the electoral calendar. Thanks to these reforms the probability that the system freezes in the period of cohabitation decreased significantly. In that context, this paper examines in what extend the role of the president became more important and how the last three french heads of state (Chirac, Sarkozy and Hollande) managed to behave within this new constitutional settlement. According to the results of this study, the president got wider possibilities especially in the field of practical execution of his mandate. It is because he can be more certain that the parliamentary majority will support him during his whole five year term. This means that the constitutional reform in 2000 (and next revisions in 2007 and 2008) made the political system clearer and it also stabilized the electoral calendar. Additionally, if an ambitious politician with the will of concentrating big amount of power only in his own...

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