Resumo: Esta Dissertação versa sobre as relações que podemos tecer entre os conflitos interpessoais e o bullying e pertence à linha de pesquisa "Processos Formativos, Diferenças e Valores", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, contando com o apoio financeiro da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa originou-se da nossa preocupação com as formas de resolução de conflitos adotados pelos professores, que podem, de certo modo, servir como estilos a serem assimilados pelos estudantes nas suas relações entre pares, influenciando na propagação da violência denominada bullying entre as crianças. Nesse sentido, estabelecemos como objetivo principal analisar as relações entre os estilos de resolução de conflitos adotados pelos professores e os modos de agir dos alunos, perante conflitos entre pares, e a possível incidência de bullying, entre eles. A metodologia utilizada caracterizou-se por uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, aproximando-se de um estudo de caso. Os participantes da pesquisa foram duas professoras e suas respectivas classes, dos anos iniciais de Ensino Fundamental, em escolas da rede pública numa cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os alunos implicados na investigação tinham entre oito e dez anos. Para coleta dos dados realizamos observações e, através destas, preenchemos uma ficha para caracterização dos ambientes sociomorais. Aplicamos dois questionários aos alunos: um com situações hipotéticas de conflitos, para identificar e categorizar os estilos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study is about the possible relationship between interpersonal conflicts and bullying. It belongs to "Formative Processes, Differences and Values" research line of Post graduation Program in Education of Science and Technology College (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, in Portuguese), Universidade Estadual Paulista. This study is financially supported by São Paulo Research Supporting Foundation. The research originates from our concern about the way teachers use to solve conflicts. We consider that the way teachers act might be adopted by students in their relationship with partners; this can the spread violence, called bullying, among children. Considering this, our main goal is to analyze the relationships between the ways teachers adopt to solve conflicts and the ways students act, facing partners conflicts, and the possible incidence of bullying among them. The methodology is quantitative and qualitative approach, which approximates of a case study. The research subjects were two teachers and their students from the beginning grades of Primary School of public schools from an interior city in São Paulo state. The students were between eight and ten years old. In order to collect the data we filled in a characterization form based on observations we did of the sociomoral environment. Two questionnaires were answered by students: one with hypothetical conflicts situations, in order to identify and characterize student‟s styles of conflict solution and their perception about how teachers solve conflicts, in fact ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maria Suzana de Stefano Menin / Coorientador: Luciene Regina Paulino Tognetta / Banca: Maria Isabel da Silva Leme / Banca: Alessandra de Morais Shimizu / Mestre

Jus cogens is a mysterious body of international law. It comprises legal standards which are thought to be superior to those in ordinary international law, namely, international treaties, customary international law, and general principles of law. The title of this study 'Conflicts with Jus Cogens in International Lawa' condenses its main aims. The study examines conflict-situations between jus cogens rules and rules of ordinary international law. The study is divided into four Parts. Part I clarifies what jus cogens status means and how jus cogens rules are made. Part II analyses some of the different ways in which legal rules come into conflict with each other. I seek to push the boundaries of our understanding of legal conflict, and I also construct a typology of legal conflict. In Part III, I apply the analysis of conflict in Part II to the jus cogens context by identifying and classifying situations where rules of ordinary international conflict with jus cogens rules. Finally, Part IV explores the consequences of the conflicts with jus cogens which were identified in Part III. What we see is that the consequences of these conflicts are varied. Most strikingly, however, we find that in some cases jus cogens rules are being defeated by rules of ordinary international law. This challenges the orthodox thinking that jus cogens rules are straightforwardly superior to ordinary international law, in the sense that they always prevail in conflict-situations. But while the conclusion of the study may seem radical, it is informed by theoretical writing about law and about how rules conflict. Ultimately, the study seeks to improve our understanding of jus cogens rules in international law, as well as the more general problem of how legal rules conflict with each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:53:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 frick_lt_me_prud.pdf: 3795747 bytes, checksum: ec41b8a41d94a3516d1f8e7db8365818 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta Dissertação versa sobre as relações que podemos tecer entre os conflitos interpessoais e o bullying e pertence à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Diferenças e Valores”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, contando com o apoio financeiro da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa originou-se da nossa preocupação com as formas de resolução de conflitos adotados pelos professores, que podem, de certo modo, servir como estilos a serem assimilados pelos estudantes nas suas relações entre pares, influenciando na propagação da violência denominada bullying entre as crianças. Nesse sentido, estabelecemos como objetivo principal analisar as relações entre os estilos de resolução de conflitos adotados pelos professores e os modos de agir dos alunos, perante conflitos entre pares, e a possível incidência de bullying, entre eles. A metodologia utilizada caracterizou-se por uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, aproximando-se de um estudo de caso. Os participantes da pesquisa foram duas professoras e suas respectivas classes, dos anos iniciais de Ensino Fundamental, em escolas da rede pública numa cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os alunos implicados na investigação tinham entre oito e dez anos. Para coleta dos dados realizamos observações e, através destas, preenchemos uma ficha para caracterização dos ambientes sociomorais. Aplicamos dois questionários aos alunos: um com situações hipotéticas de conflitos, para identificar e categorizar os estilos... / The present study is about the possible relationship between interpersonal conflicts and bullying. It belongs to “Formative Processes, Differences and Values” research line of Post graduation Program in Education of Science and Technology College (Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, in Portuguese), Universidade Estadual Paulista. This study is financially supported by São Paulo Research Supporting Foundation. The research originates from our concern about the way teachers use to solve conflicts. We consider that the way teachers act might be adopted by students in their relationship with partners; this can the spread violence, called bullying, among children. Considering this, our main goal is to analyze the relationships between the ways teachers adopt to solve conflicts and the ways students act, facing partners conflicts, and the possible incidence of bullying among them. The methodology is quantitative and qualitative approach, which approximates of a case study. The research subjects were two teachers and their students from the beginning grades of Primary School of public schools from an interior city in São Paulo state. The students were between eight and ten years old. In order to collect the data we filled in a characterization form based on observations we did of the sociomoral environment. Two questionnaires were answered by students: one with hypothetical conflicts situations, in order to identify and characterize student‟s styles of conflict solution and their perception about how teachers solve conflicts, in fact ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo analisa os conflitos surgidos entre grupos de pescadores do municÃpio de IcapuÃ, no litoral leste do CearÃ, que sobrevive tradicionalmente da pesca da lagosta. Esses conflitos tÃm se manifestado na forma de intimidaÃÃes, agressÃes e confrontos violentos entre pescadores do local que disputam os recursos pesqueiros de um mesmo territÃrio de pesca, gerando prejuÃzos financeiros e atà mesmo mortes. Esta pesquisa possui como objetivos especÃficos o resgate histÃrico da trajetÃria da pesca no municÃpio desde o inÃcio dos conflitos, identificando suas causas; dando voz aos pescadores envolvidos atravÃs de seus relatos, alÃm de descrever e analisar os principais atores sociais envolvidos nessas questÃes a fim de compreender as questÃes socioeconÃmicas, ambientais e culturais que permeiam esses conflitos. Para tanto, esta pesquisa adotou o mÃtodo HistÃria de Vida, amplamente empregado nas ciÃncias sociais, alÃm de outros dois mÃtodos frequentemente utilizados em anÃlise de conflitos: Tipologia de Conflitos da Pesca e AnÃlise dos Atores Sociais. A anÃlise dos conflitos proposta pela pesquisa fez uso de dados primÃrios coletados atravÃs de um conjunto de tÃcnicas: levantamentos bibliogrÃficos; âmÃtodo bola de neveâ; entrevistas dos tipos informal, estruturada e semiestruturada; e grupo focal. A pesquisa realizou um total de 23 entrevistas, abrangendo pescadores, representantes de ÃrgÃos pÃblicos, associaÃÃes de classe (moradores) e repÃrteres que realizaram coberturas sobre os episÃdios de conflitos no municÃpio. TraÃou-se um breve histÃrico dos conflitos da pesca da lagosta no Cearà e IcapuÃ, dos anos cinquenta (inÃcio da exploraÃÃo do crustÃceo no municÃpio) atà os dias atuais, com a finalidade de identificar as reais causas desses embates e classificÃ-los, seguindo tipologias sugeridas na literatura. Os resultados mostraram que os principais atores sociais sÃo as comunidades de Redonda e Barrinha (dentre as dezessete existentes no municÃpio), o IBAMA e a Capitania dos Portos (ÃrgÃos pÃblicos responsÃveis pela fiscalizaÃÃo da pesca) e o MinistÃrio da Pesca e Aquicultura (responsÃvel pelas licenÃas e registros que legalizam a atividade pesqueira). As principais causas dos conflitos estÃo relacionadas com a persistÃncia de um grupo de pescadores em usar e multiplicar as artes de pesca predatÃrias. Esse comportamento tem provocado reaÃÃo por parte de pescadores que defendem a pesca responsÃvel, os quais tÃm adotado como estratÃgia de repressÃo a fiscalizaÃÃo feita pelos prÃprios pescadores, resultando na apreensÃo e queima de embarcaÃÃes. Essa situaÃÃo à agravada pelas falhas na fiscalizaÃÃo oficial e ausÃncia de polÃticas pÃblicas efetivas para o setor da pesca. / This study aims to analyze the disputes between groups of fishermen of Icapui municipality on the east coast of Cearà who carries on traditionally lobster fishing for their subsistence. These conflicts have manifested themselves in the form of intimidation, assaults and violent clashes between local fishermen who compete for the same fishery resources and fishing bank, causing financial damage and even death among them. This research has the following objectives a historical trajectory of fishing in the city since the beginning of the conflict, identifying their causes, giving voice to the fishermen involved through their stories, besides describing and analyzing the main social actors in order to understand the socioeconomic issues, environmental and cultural factors that underlie these conflicts. Therefore, this study applied the Life History method, widely used in social sciences, and two methods often used in conflict analysis: Typology of Fishery Conflict and Analysis of Social Actors. The analysis of conflict proposed by this research used primary data collected through a set of techniques: bibliographic review; "snowball method"; informal, semi-structured and structured interviews; and focus group. The research did a total of 23 interviews, involving fishermen, representatives of public agencies, civil associations (residents) and reporters who had covered the conflict episodes in the city. A brief history of lobster fishing conflicts of Cearà and Icapui was done, since the fifties (early exploration of the crustacean in the city) until the present day, in order to identify the real causes of these conflicts and classify them according typology suggested in the literature. The results showed that the main social actors are the communities of Redonda and Barrinha (among seventeen existing in the municipality), IBAMA and the Port Authority (public agencies responsible for fishery law enforcement) and the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (responsible for licensing and records that legalize the fishing activity). The main causes of conflicts are related to the persistence of a fishermen group in using and multiplying the artifacts of predatory fishing. This behavior has provoked reaction from fishermen who support responsible fisheries and have adopted the strategy of law enforcement done by their own, resulting in seizing and burning boats. This situation is exacerbated by failures in the official inspection and absence of effective public policies for the fishery sector.

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The purpose of this research is to help people who have been hurt by bad leadership, and also to find out why they move from one church to the other. This is an undercover issue since in most cases the Pentecostal church family projects strength than weakness. This study deals with people who have been hurt by bad leadership that verbally attacks and curses them from the pulpit. The pulpit is already a position of power and if not handled rightly, it has negative ramification on the hearers. One of it is the mobility of membership, from one Assembly to the other in search for more understanding and encouraging atmosphere.This particular abuse of power has been a burning issue within some of the Pentecostal churches and has been overlooked and without any redress. Therefore this thesis attempts through pastoral care approach, to deal with these issues, that have affected some church members. The problem in the study has been extensively explained and a method of helping and healing those that are hurt is also projected substantially. The different types of leadership and leadership qualities are also tabulated and explained to enable an understanding that people deserve a better approach. Since the researcher has been in the church for a long time, and through observation has experienced how some people were verbally abused from the pulpit has motivated her to conduct a research. Specially, on how to care for those who are wounded in spirit, as she mentioned some of the members have been hurt for almost three decades, yet they are still looking for a church where they can be spiritually fulfilled. It is appropriate to make this valuable research in the field of practical theology as the generated knowledge, shall help the people to heal the hurts and stabilize. It is reasonable to surmise that when a miss-normal is perpetuated without any challenge it takes a toll and becomes a standard behaviour. This research refuses to remain silent and has exposed and projected a healing solution to the plight of members that the pulpit victimises whether consciously and unconsciously. The willingness of the interviewees in these case studies is also highly commended as it roots the studies in concrete realities and generates lessons that are based on real life research. Copyright / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Magister Legum - LLM / Currently, one of the most dramatic threats to human security is constituted by internal armed conflicts. In 1998, violent conflicts took place in at least 25 countries. Of these armed conflicts, 23 were internal, engaging one or more non-State armed groups. A crucial feature of internal conflicts is the widespread violation of humanitarian law and human rights by armed groups, from rebel groups to private militias. This thesis aimed at identifying various ways of promoting a better implementation of the Geneva Conventions and its Protocols by NSAGs in the Great Lakes Region. / South Africa

Sammanfattning Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka hur lärare kan hantera konflikter som sker mellan elever i skolan, men även att undersöka lärares syn på konflikthantering och hur eleverna kan lära sig att förebygga och lösa konflikter utan att ta hjälp av lärare. Det är viktigt att eleverna får ett bra skolklimat för att kunna gå vidare med sina studier. Konflikter är vanliga i skolan därför är konflikthantering en förutsättning för en bra skola. Lärarens hantering av konflikter spelar en stor roll för att det ska ge positiva konsekvenser och konstruktiva resultat. Metoden som användes i denna undersökning var semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sex lärare. En av dem hade inte lärarlegitimation men har erfarenhet, och andra lärare hade lärarlegitimation. Metodansatsen var fenomenologisk. I delar av analysen användes Cohens konfliktpyramid. Resultatet visar att alla lärare har samma innebörd av sin beskrivning av begreppet konflikt. Lärarna upplever att konflikter som en naturlig sak och vanliga förekommande under vardagen, vilka bör hanteras och inte undvikas. Modeller som lärarna använder är TORA, Lågeffektivt bemötande och lika behandlingsplanen för att hantera konflikter. Även om ingen av lärarna nämner Cohens konfliktpyramid använder de sig av liknande struktur.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to highlight a problem that is very relevant for young adults of foreign-born parents in Sweden. By conducting in-depth interviews with young adults who have experience of brokering during their childhood, we get a better understanding of how the role impacts immigrant families. In our analysis we use sociopsychological theories to illustrate on how the role of brokering contributes to an inner conflict, conflicts between parent and child, and changes in family dynamics. Conflicts arise from the child trying to define him-/herself from being seen as a child while also having increased responsibilities compared to its peers. These responsibilities increase with time, and as such lead to conflicts between the parent and the child, as the role dissolves traditional power hierarchies in families. The child however is not limited to only brokering for their own parents. They also act as brokers for other family members. Our central analysis is that while children act as brokers, they are progressively assigned more tasks by the parents. With time, these tasks lead to increased power for the child and makes the parents more dependent on the child. We define this process as spiral of power.

Family businesses are an important institution in any economy, as they contribute to the economic development of the nation, provide employment and support the needs of the society. Unresolved conflicts in a family business can hamper the economic growth, bring distress to the family and the people employed in the family business. Studies on conflicts have been a fascinating area for researchers.Studies on conflict range from intrapersonal to interpersonal, among nations, among trade unions and even among different interest groups. What is more alluring is to study conflicts in a family business, for they exhibit a uniqueinteraction among blood relations working together in a commercialenterprise. In the Indian context, understanding of conflicts is minimalas they are either ignored or suppressed. Its prominence is seen only atthe last phase when conflicts are manifested openly leading to disruption.There is a need to study conflicts in initial and middle phases in order to avert suchhuge losses. In this study the main methods included were chronological development of conflicts through case studies and cross sectional survey of 90 family businesses. System’s theory was used to study the nature of conflicts in family business. The family and business features were included in the study to provide a better understanding of conflict in family businesses. Studies have identified different conflicts like succession conflict, relationship conflict, work-family conflict and others. These studies have focused on uni dimensional or two dimensional perspective of conflicts. Conflicts do not occur in isolation and thus there was a need for a multi-dimensional perspective on conflicts in family business.This would in turn ensure better conflict management and resolution techniques. The multi-dimensional model included individual, familyand business characteristics to study their influence on different conflicts in family business. The model also examined how conflicts impact the individual, family and business at different levels. Thus variableslike family climate, psychological stress and business performance were included. There were six major conflicts relevant to family business that were identified and studied. They were, succession management and planning conflict, relationship conflict, process conflict, role conflict and work family conflict.To capture the different conflicts, the Family Business Issues (FBI) scale was developed. It was found that family business owners experienced different types of conflicts in varying degrees. The majorcontributions of the study are the development and standardization of ameasure called Family Business Issues Scale.This is useful to identify the areas that require attention with respect to conflict management for family businesses.It canbe used as a screening tool by consultants and practitioners working with family businesses. Family Business Performance questionnaire was constructed to capture the perceived business performance of the family businesses. Perceived Stress Scale, a standardized measure was used to capture the psychological stress among family business owners. These measures were used to capture the variables under study. Regression models werebuilt to test the hypothesis. Results of the survey were compared with descriptive longitudinal case studies. Triangulation of data from the empirical study from90 family business respondents and 4 case studies led to better understanding of nature and growth of conflicts.The results suggest that conflicts in family business occur in varying degrees, they work in a combination with family, business and individual characteristics. The sector of business, family type, type of business and generation do play significant roles in combination with conflicts to impact the family and business. The study highlights the strong influence the family systemsand business systems have on each other.The findings of the study can be a guide to researchers,theorists and consultants. The thesis proceeds in the following order, chapter one provides introduction to the concepts referred to in the study. Chapter two provides review of literature on conflicts in family business, types of conflicts, its impact on the individual, family and business. Chapter three explains the objectives, conceptual model, methodology, sample description, hypothesis developed for the study. Chapter four provides details about conflicts in family business and its antecedents and discusses ANOVA and Tukey’s results for the variables under study. It also provides information about questionnaire development and factor analysis results. Chapter five explains the regression models built to test the impact of family business conflicts on psychological stress, family climate and business performance.Chapter six provides details of the in depth case studies of four family business owners, themes that emerged, triangulation of results using the survey and case studies. Chapter seven deals with conclusions, suggestions, limitations and scope for future study. Implications of this study for research and practice are also discussed.