In a global business environment, cultural understanding is an essential tool for successful communication and relationship building between organizations and audiences. However, the power of cultural values to modify individuals' ways of thinking and communicating is not well understood in terms of crisis communication management. Therefore, this study applied Sue's (1991, 2001) theory of cultural competence to examine the effect of cultural values on crisis communication planning, using three methodological approaches. First, grounded theory analysis was applied to qualitative interviews with 25 communication professionals concerning cultural influences on crisis. Second, a national online survey (N=172) assessed communication practitioners' attitudes toward, and knowledge about, other cultures, and their skills to respond to diverse cultures. Third, media portrayals of corporate crises were examined with semantic network analysis of news articles from the New York Times, USA Today, and the Wall Street Journal between January 1, 2007 and December, 31, 2008, to identify whether cultural aspects were mentioned. These approaches yielded five main findings. First, PR practitioners had difficulties in defining multiculturalism, often equating cultural diversity with communicating with Latinos. Second, interviewees saw cultural differences as just one aspect of diversity, emphasizing that age, religion, and education differences also affect corporate discourse. Third, although professionals considered culture a key element of crisis management, they did not feel prepared to handle the challenges of a multicultural crisis, nor did they report that they used culturally adjusted crisis strategies often. Fourth, regression analyses conducted on the survey data showed that skills to manage multicultural situations and openness to diverse knowledge significantly predict the relevance professionals attributed to culture when designing crisis communication strategies. Fifth, media accounts of crises did not mention cultural elements in the three newspapers investigated. By integrating cultural competence and crisis management frameworks, this study provides the foundation for an in-depth understanding of crises, where scholars can pair crisis strategies with audiences' cultural expectations. Instructors can incorporate this framework to their courses, preparing PR students to new demands of the profession. Finally, training initiatives focused on increasing levels of cultural competence can make organizations ready to the challenges of a global market. / Mass Media and Communication

This qualitative study explores the factual knowledge base and cultural competence of school health counsellors regarding Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in a school setting in Sweden. Through four semi-structured interviews, the research explored participants’ understanding of FGC and their cultural competence in addressing this sensitive issue. Thematic analysis and the lens of social convention theory were applied to interpret the collected data. Results indicate that the school health counsellor’s team demonstrated to some extent factual knowledge and cultural competence regarding FGC. However, challenges such as time constraints, language barriers, and fear of evoking trauma emerged during their work with this concept in a school environment. Aligning with social convention theory, the participant's effort was seen as challenging the continuation of FGC within the Swedish context. The study contributes to the broader discourse on the role of school health counsellors in promoting awareness, prevention, and support for culturally sensitive topics related to the well-being of the student. The study concludes by advocating for culturally inclusive resources within the school to effectively tackle and disseminate knowledge on FGC, emphasizing the importance of addressing this issue within the educational system.

Romani people came to Sweden in the early 16th century and is today acknowledged as a minority group. Today in Sweden there’s a large group of Roma EU-citizens who come to beg. Romani people has been an exposed and discriminated group since their arrival in Sweden – a pattern that’s still relevant regarding Roma EU-citizens coming today. One profession that faces Roma EU-citizens in their work is social workers. This study aims to describe and analyse how social workers experience working with Roma EU-citizens, what difficulties or opportunities they see and how this work can be developed in the future. Furthermore, the study examines what beliefs social workers feel exists in society surrounding this group. The study uses labelling theory and theories of cultural competence. Six interviews were conducted with social workers and the study uses a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic perspective. Study results indicate that cultural differences affects working with the group. Results also show that the social workers feel there’s a lot of prejudice against the group. The study concludes that cultural competence is important in order to perform a good social work with the Romani group. Another conclusion is that structural problems complicates working with the group.

This study examined elementary teachers’ perceptions of their principal’s level of cultural proficiency. Practices for Developing a Culturally Competent School Environment, a survey Camille Smith and adapted by Dr. Mack T. Hines, was completed from a sample size of 119 teachers. The survey contained 35 items, including six constructs: valuing diversity, assessing the culture, managing the dynamics of difference, institutionalizing cultural knowledge and resources, adapting to diversity and inclusiveness. Teachers rated their principal using a Likert scale which consisted of 1 = never uses, 2 = rarely uses, 3 = sometimes uses, 4 = frequently uses, and 5 = always uses. Teachers of various races, ages and years with their principal participated in this study. The study reveals that these variables do not make a statistically significant difference in the teachers’ perception of how proficient they are in valuing diversity, a assessing his/her own culture and institutionalizing cultural knowledge. This quantitative study reveals the variances of statistical significance of teacher demographics: age, gender, years served under current principal and accountability rating of the school. Cultural proficiency is important to the development and maintenance of the necessary relationships among students, teachers, principals and the school community.

Bakgrund: Asylsökande patienter drabbas ofta av psykisk ohälsa relaterat till stress i samband med flykt och svåra levnadsförhållanden. Som omvårdnadsansvarig ansvarar sjuksköterskan bland annat för att hjälpa människor med det som de själva hade utfört om de hade kraften. På grund av språkförbistringar och kulturbetingade förväntningar kan ibland vårdandet försvåras. För att kunna arbeta effektivt med asylsökande patienter behövs fördjupade kunskaper i hur sjuksköterskor beskriver sitt arbete med asylsökande patienter. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda asylsökande patienter i psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk vård. Det insamlade datamaterialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Dataanalysen resulterade i två kategorier med fem respektive två subkategorier vardera. Den första kategorin beskriver sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av hinder och möjligheter i relation till vårdandet av asylsökande patienter med underkategorier: kulturella skillnader, egenpåverkan och behovet av handledning, behov av information, förhållningssätt samt patientens nätverk. Den andra kategorin beskriver sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av hinder och möjligheter i relation till externa instanser, med underkategorier; tolk och asylsökningsprocessen. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Leiningers Soluppgångsmodell samt annan relevant forskning. Soluppgångsmodellen ger stöd för sjuksköterskor i mötet med patienter med en annan kulturell bakgrund, vilket kan vara viktigt för att arbeta holistiskt. / Background: Asylum seeking patients often suffer from mental health problems related to stress during flight and harsh living conditions. Being responsible for the care, nurses are responsible to help people with what they themselves have difficulties performing or are unable to do themselves. Due to language difficulties and cultural conditional expectations the caring of patients within this group can sometimes be suffering. In order to work effectively with asylum seeking patients in psychiatric care, it is required to possess a thorough knowledge of how nurses describe their work with asylum seeking patients. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe nurses' experiences of caring for asylum seeking patients in psychiatric care. Method: The study is a qualitative study with the inductive approach in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with five nurses working in psychiatric care. The collected data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: Data analysis resulted in two categories with five and two subcategories each. The first category describes the nurses' descriptions of the obstacles and opportunities in relation to asylum seekers patients with subcategories: cultural differences, personal impact and the need for guidance, the need of information, approaches, and patient social networks. The second category describes nurses' descriptions of the obstacles and opportunities in relation to external instances, with subcategories; interpreter and asylum process. Discussions: The results are discussed from Leininger’s Sunrise Model and other relevant research. Sunrise model provides support for nurses in the meeting with patients with a different cultural background, which can be important to work holistically.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The increasing diversity of the United States creates a pressing public health need to investigate methods to increase the engagement, retention, and efficacy of mental health services for racial/ethnic minority (REM) youth. Evidence from the adult psychotherapy treatment literature suggests that enhancing therapist cultural competence leads to increases in client satisfaction, alliance, and retention (Constantine, 2002; Sodowsky, Kuo-Jackson, Richardson, & Corey, 1998; Worthington, Soth-McNett, & Moreno, 2007). However, this relationship has not been adequately explored in youth mental health services, due in part, to a lack of valid and reliable measurement. This research project included measure development and initial validation of the Youth Therapist Observational Cultural Competence Scale (YTOCCS) with the aim of creating an observer-rated measure of youth therapist cultural competence. The measure was developed from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature and integrated the surveyed opinions of practicing child therapists, caregivers of REM children involved in the mental health system, and experts in therapist cultural competence. The study used an extreme group design based on child-therapist alliance selecting 32 recordings of 8 unique child-therapist dyads. Three coders were trained using a standardized manual and independently double coded early treatment sessions from an effectiveness trial for individual child cognitive-behavioral therapy conducted in community clinics. The measure demonstrated good reliability as measured by intraclass correlation coefficient, adequate internal consistency, and evidence supported initial validity through demonstrated significant between-group differences. Future studies are warranted to refine the measure and to explore the factor structure of the measure.

Usage of a video at real-time Czech lessons (not distantly through YouTube) presents to students a very attractive way of learning a language and the socio- cultural competence quickly and entertainingly. The aim of this paper is to sum up findings of the specialized literature and to create special videos useable in foreign language classes of A0/A1 level based on those findings. The videos will be focused on development of sociocultural competence, the themes shall be following: 1.Lesson of the good manners in the Czech environment part 1. (formal X informal language) 2. Lesson of the good manners in the Czech environment part 2. ( Traveling with the Public transport, how to behave) 3. Holidays ( Christmas, Easter ) The empiric part of this thesis will be based on the hypothesis that using video in the classroom will make the acquisition of the sociocultural competence easier. The video materials will be shown in a couple of groups of student at the A0/A1 level while couple of group of other student will study without them. Those students shall get the competence through printed materials (for example books or materials prepared ad hoc by the teacher) and explanation of the teacher. There will also be prepared some supporting activities related to the videomaterials in order to confirm the...

Este trabalho estuda a política nacional de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a partir da proposta de realizar uma outra antropologia das políticas públicas, que se aproxime do princípio de simetria. Inicialmente, alguns aspectos da APS e de como esta é constituída como modelo científico para os sistemas de saúde mundiais são revisados, bem como sua configuração atual no Sistema Único de Saúde, através da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e do Programa de Agentes Comunitários. Analisa-se também a forma como conceitos de família e de comunidade estão presentes nestas políticas. A partir do estudo das redes de atuantes, no sentido de Latour, sugere-se que as diferenças criadas entre a ESF e outros modelos, que dividem o cuidado da saúde em terapias especializadas clínicas e cirúrgicas de um lado e o planejamento epidemiológico-sanitarista de outro, podem ser entendidos como uma postura diferente em relação ao acordo modernista. Para isso utilizam-se três aspectos principais observados em campo: a) a prática de cuidado mais individualizado de saúde, ou clínica; b) o trabalho com territórios e as identidades relacionadas com o processo de territorialização; c) a prática da atenção domiciliar. Ao mapear estas redes híbridas mobilizadas pelas equipes de saúde da família, e especialmente, através do estudo da postura do médico de família e comunidade nestas, demonstra-se como outras naturezas e sociedades são produzidos e reificados de forma a esclarecer diferenças que se evidenciam em comparação aos modelos biomédicos e sanitaristas. Mais do que uma abordagem que inclua aspectos sociais do processo saúde-doença ou simplesmente uma prática diferenciada, mais humanizada, da biomedicina, sugere-se que a proposta da APS tem realizado uma alteração mais profunda no cuidado à saúde através da mobilização de atuantes em coletivos diversos, abrindo espaço para outras formas de entender o que é saúde e doença, a partir de uma postura diferenciada perante a natureza e a cultura, o que ainda não parece ser um processo totalmente claro. Por fim, aprofunda-se o estudo da noção de competência cultural que é, dependendo da forma como entendemos os dois termos desta expressão, no mínimo discutível e necessita ser repensada assim como sua valoração secundária perante as outras características da APS. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma multiplicidade maior de formas de se pensar o cuidado à saúde em meio à diversidade, que possa ser utilizado tanto pelos profissionais da saúde quanto por antropólogos, aproximando estas áreas. / This work studies the brazilian primary health care policy (PHC) in the perspective of a certain way of an anthropology of policies going in the direction of Latourian’s concept of symmetry. First, some aspects of PHC and how it is constituted as a scientific model for worldwide health systems are revised. Its current configuration in brazilian health system as the Family Health Strategy (FHS) are also studied with particular attention to how concepts like family and community appear. I suggest that the differences between the models like FHS and the frequently di-cotomized model of biomedicine x collective health can be seen as a different position in relation to de modern constitution. To get to this conclusion I analyze the actants networks in three situations in the practice of a FH team: a) individual clinical care; b) the work with health territories; and, c) the home care. Doing so I try to demonstrate how other natures and societies are produced and reified, in a way of making clearer the differences between this model of health care and the others mentioned above. More than an approach that include a singular view of social aspects in the health-sick process care or more simply a more humanized practice, I suggest that the FHS are performing a much more complex alteration in health care by the mobilization of actants in many types of collectives, opening space for different ways of thinking health and sickness that derives from a specific posture before nature and culture, what is not actually totally clear. For last the auto-attributed notion of cultural competence are revised and questioned as the apparently lesser importance near other PHC caracteristcs. This work wants to contribute to higher multiplicity of ways of thinking the health care and its importance in presence of the human variety to be useful for health care professionals and anthropologists, approximating them.

A major challenge for the speech-language pathology profession in many cultures is to address the mismatch between the “linguistic homogeneity of the speech-language pathology profession and the linguistic diversity of its clientele” (Caesar & Kohler, 2007, p. 198). This paper outlines the development of the Multilingual Children with Speech Sound Disorders: Position Paper created to guide speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs’) facilitation of multilingual children's speech. An international expert panel was assembled comprising 57 researchers (SLPs, linguists, phoneticians, and speech scientists) with knowledge about multilingual children's speech, or children with speech sound disorders. Combined, they had worked in 33 countries and used 26 languages in professional practice. Fourteen panel members met for a one-day workshop to identify key points for inclusion in the position paper. Subsequently, 42 additional panel members participated online to contribute to drafts of the position paper. A thematic analysis was undertaken of the major areas of discussion using two data sources: (a) face-to-face workshop transcript (133 pages) and (b) online discussion artifacts (104 pages). Finally, a moderator with international expertise in working with children with speech sound disorders facilitated the incorporation of the panel's recommendations. The following themes were identified: definitions, scope, framework, evidence, challenges, practices, and consideration of a multilingual audience. The resulting position paper contains guidelines for providing services to multilingual children with speech sound disorders (http://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/position-paper). The paper is structured using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (World Health Organization, 2007) and incorporates recommendations for (a) children and families, (b) SLPs’ assessment and intervention, (c) SLPs’ professional practice, and (d) SLPs’ collaboration with other professionals. Learning outcomes: Readers will 1. recognize that multilingual children with speech sound disorders have both similar and different needs to monolingual children when working with speech-language pathologists. 2. Describe the challenges for speech-language pathologists who work with multilingual children. 3. Recall the importance of cultural competence for speech-language pathologists. 4. Identify methods for international collaboration and consultation. 5. Recognize the importance of engaging with families and people within their local communities for supporting multilingual children in context.