Uppsatsen är en historiografisk undersökning. Den granskar forskning som bedömer de armeniska massakrerna som folkmord och forskning som ifrågasätter detta. Händelserna är mycket omdiskuterade båda politiskt och historiskt. En bakgrundsöversikt belyser de sista tre decennierna av det osmanska rikets moderna historia och förspelet till händelserna under första världskriget samt påverkan av stormaktspolitiken under senare delen 1800-talet och början av 1900-talet på utvecklingen i Mellanöstern och främst inom det osmanska imperiet. Uppsatsen diskuterar vilken roll turkisk nationalism, turanism och panislamism spelade i händelserna och hur dessa påverkade relationen mellan ungturkrörelsen och armenierna. Hur tolkar forskarna källorna och vilken roll spelar källmaterialet i rekonstrueringen av historiska fakta bakom debatten om mordet på den osmanskt armeniska befolkningen 1915? Analyserna omfattar flera åsikter och attityder inom genocidforskning; det finns historiker och andra forskare som förnekar och förkastar idén att det var genocid; andra vill ha ett internationellt erkännande av massakrerna i Anatolien och klarhet om den turkiska statens skuld i denna fråga. Syftet med uppsatsen är att klarlägga förklaringarna och slutsatserna de utvalda forskarna har kommit fram till i sina analyser. Uppsatsen varken anklagar eller tar ställning för eller emot rubriceringen av massakrerna och förhåller sig neutral i största möjliga mån. Nyckelord: armenier, dashnak, hunchak, massakrer, ungturkar, ittihadister, CUP, turkism, turkisk nationalism, Turan och turanism, revolution, deportationer, omlokalisering, uppror, skuld, förnekelse och erkännande.

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Nonlinear prize money structures are used in professional golf tournaments in order to induce competitors to exert a maximum level of effort. While there has been a growing amount of literature using professional golf data to test tournament theory’s basic prediction that increasing prize levels results in an increase in player effort level, no consistent narrative has emerged. Furthermore, in 2007, the PGA Tour introduced the FedExCup system, which significantly altered the ranking and prize money structure of professional golf. This paper incorporates data from the 2011 PGA tour season to analyze whether or not the introduction of the FedExCup has led to increased effort level on the part of competitors, as predicted by tournament theory. The results negate the predictions of tournament theory and suggest that an increase in tournament prize money is associated with a corresponding increase in player scores over the course of the tournament. However, these findings can be explained by examining the dramatic increase in PGA Tour prize money levels over the last two and a half decades, which has induced golfers to decrease their average level of effort.

Sport is often not a topic one contemplates of when thinking of global and national narratives. For many it is not a valid or significant tool to study race or development. Sport has been minimized to an after school activity or a distraction, but sport crosses many spheres including, but not limited to, politics and identity. It has the capability of influencing people’s histories and growth as an individual. Many scholars have in recent years used the politics of sport as a legitimate way to understand race and global history. The 2014 World Cup presented itself as the perfect subject to analyze various meanings driving the political, economic, and global significance of mega sports events. Brazil’s history with football and the inter-connectedness with politics, nationalism, and racial identity provide an interesting platform to dissect this information and place it in a larger scope within the values of the World Cup. Upon exploration of this topic and several meetings with Professor David Goldblatt, author of the must-read soccer Bible The Ball is Round, I found that the World Cup was exuding with political, economic, and social implications. A few main issues caught my attention: The massive corruption and lawlessness with which FIFA elites seem to operate under, the unbelievable accounts of housing and human rights violations done in the name of football by the Brazilian government, and the inefficient and slow progress of infrastructure preparations.

The work describes the development of a reliable device for profiling anion beam in the intensity cross section. A sensor head consisting of a Faradaycup in combination with a Channel Electron Multiplier was designedand built together with electronics including power supply and front endelectronics. The design was chosen considering financial and long term lifeaspects. Testing, first calibration and error analysis were done using the ionbeam facilities where the unit is supposed to be installed permanently. Theprofiling system performed as designed and the profile of the ion beam couldbe measured reliably with an accuracy down to the femto ampere range.

This thesis discusses South Scandinavian cup marks in general, and cup marks in Kronobergs County in particular. The question is whether the cup mark phenomena can be viewed as an ordinary family-based cult for a kind of everyday use, or more likely as a community passage ritual. The thesis also suggests that cup marks were made by ritual participants in, or in the process of trying to reach, an altered state of consciousness.

Seafloor hydrothermal systems play a key role in Earth fs energy and geochemical budgets. They also support the existence and development of complex chemosynthetic biological ecosystems that use the mineral-laden fluids as a source of energy and nutrients. This dissertation focuses on two inter-related topics: (1) heat output and geochemical fluxes at mid-ocean ridges, and (2) structural deformation of oceanic lithosphere related to subsurface serpentinization in submarine settings. The determination of heat output is important for several reasons. It provides important constraints on the physics of seafloor hydrothermal processes, on the nature of the heat sources at mid-ocean ridges, and on nutrient transport to biological ecosystems. Despite its importance, measurements of hydrothermal heat outputs are still scarce and cover less than 5% of active hydrothermal vent sites. In this work, we report development of two new devices designed to measure fluid flow velocities from the submersible at temperatures of up to 450 C and depths 5,000 m. By using these instruments on 24 Alvin dives, new measurements of hydrothermal heat output have been conducted at the Juan de Fuca Ridge, including first measurements from the High Rise and Mothra hydrothermal fields. The collected data suggest that the high-temperature heat output at the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) may be declining since the 1999 eruption. The flow measurement results, coupled with in-situ geochemical measurements, yielded the first estimates of geochemical fluxes of volatile compounds at MEF and Mothra. Our findings indicate that geochemical flux from diffuse flows may constitute approximately half of the net geochemical flux from Juan de Fuca Ridge. It has recently been recognized that serpentinization of mantle peridotites, due to its exothermic nature, may be a mechanism contributing to the heat output at mid-ocean ridges. The tectonic response of the crust to serpentinization of extensively distributed peridotites at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones could provide a means of characterizing serpentinized regions in the oceanic lithosphere. These regions are often associated with surface topographic anomalies that may result from the volume expansion caused by the serpentinization reactions. Although there is a clear correlation between tectonics and serpentinization, the link is complex and still not understood. In this dissertation, we calculated the transformation strain and surface uplift associated with subsurface serpentinization of variously shaped ultramafic inclusions. Application of the results to explain the anomalous topographic salient at the TAG hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) suggests that this feature may result from a serpentinized body beneath the footwall of a detachment fault. Because the depth of the potential serpentinized region appears to be more than 1.5 times the size of the inclusion, the uplift profile is relatively insensitive to the exact location or shape of the serpentinized domain. The rate of exothermic heat release needed to produce the serpentinized volume may contribute to the ongoing diffuse flow. Application of the results to an uplift feature associated with the Kyushu ]Palau subduction zone in the western Pacific, shows that approximately 3% transformational strain in an inclined serpentinized region of the mantle wedge near the subducted Kyushu ]Palau Ridge may result in the observed uplift on the Miyazaki Plain. Using the uplift data may help to constrain the level of the subsurface serpentinization.

<p>The study investigates South Africa’s actions and efforts within environmental and climate issues in relation to the country’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. The investigation is conducted by applying idea analysis on the empirical material in order to highlight what ideas South Africa might have when it comes to environmental and climate related measures in connection to the World Cup. The two theories of Behavioralism and Rational Choice are to be compared in order to reveal the true reasons for South Africa’s environmental actions. In addition, an own-formulated hypothesis which claims that measures within environmental issues are improved due to the 2010 World Cup is tested against the empirical material. Results are presented as a review over what is being done today within environmental and climate issues in South Africa and these answers are then connected to the World Cup as it is analyzed concerning how the event affects the country’s policies and efforts within these areas. Finally, a concluding discussion states what role environmental and climate issues have in connection to a major sporting event such as the 2010 FIFA World Cup and how South Africa administers this opportunity to act accordingly and present itself to the rest of the world.</p>

Using South Korea's transnational performances as a case-study, this dissertation examines the cultural implications of the much-celebrated Korean model of national development. Starting with two contemporary South Korean performances--The Last Empress, the Musical (1995), and Nanta [Cookin'] (1997), a nonverbal performance--I explore how the producers' commitments to South Korea's cultural development are manifested in these productions. Situating these performances within the South Korean social context of the mid-1990s, I explore how the reinvention of Korean traditional cultures represents both national capacity and responds to calls for globalism without losing Korean identity. In the first chapter, my analysis of The Last Empress illustrates how local desire for global success resulted in a perpetuation of a Broadway-style musical in a Korean mode. I argue that, while the play utilizes its female character's pioneering image to claim a place for the musical in the global era, it simultaneously pulls her back into the traditional domain. With Nanta [Cookin'] in the following chapter, I argue that the production's commercial accomplishment lies in its strategic blending of pan-Asian cultural elements and the use of food without language which well co-operated with the burgeoning cultural tourism industry in South Korea. Extending my argument further, I conclude with an analysis of global-national interplay as they were played out at the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup. As a way of understanding the nationalistic fervor during the event, I suggest that the mass festive rally functions as a "social performance." In these performances, Korean nationalism, conjoined with global desire, was reconfigured through spontaneous gatherings, styles, fashions, expressions, and gestures. Like its theatrical counterparts, the World Cup rally insists on Korean-ness as what qualifies South Korea to be a global player. I conclude by offering the concept, "global fetishism," to explicate the complex and even contradictory assimilation of the national into the global in these performances. They are showcases for how globalization taps into the local rhetoric of development, charged by South Korea's inherent nationalism. If for South Korea "global" is synonymous with glamorous cultural success, in each context it is precisely the return to the local which permits global fetishism. / text

M. Tech. Tourism and Hospitality Management / South Africa has been the world's stage in hosting major and mega sport events that drew the world's attention such as the legacy of the Rugby World Cup 1995, the Cricket World Cup in 2003, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup 2009 and the latest FIFA World Cup 2010 which are also examples of the opportunities provided by major and mega events. Such as in many cities, destination marketing organizations have engaged in the systematic planning, development, and marketing of events as tourist attractions, image-makers, or catalysts for other developments however, the involvement of local residents in the planning and operational stages is often neglected. Therefore, this study has been conceived to focus on the local resident's perceptions of the impacts of the Confederations Cup 2009 within the City of Tshwane (Metropolitan Municipality).