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21	Recycling of Glass Fiber Composites Krishnamoorthi, Ramesh, Shinzhao, Zhang January 2012 (has links) Composites are the materials which can be used for a wide variety of applications andproducts such as sports equipment, aerospace and marine because of light and stiffnessproperties. Composites are often made from thermoset resin with glass fibers.In this study, two ways of recycling composites were evaluated, which are microwavepyrolysed composites (MGC) and mechanical composites (GC). These glass fibers weregoing to be compounded with Polypropylene (PP) or Maleic Anhydride ModifiedPolypropylene (MAPP) and then injection moulded the sample by Micro-compounder.In order to get better adhesion to the polymer, a coating was added. The Neoxil 5682-polypropylene water emulsion was evaluated.The samples were characterized by Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to find aoptimum combination of recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer.Microwave pyrolysis is a new research area. The glass fiber, polymer oil and gas can beobtained by heating the composite with microwaves to in an inert atmosphere. The polymeroil can be distillated and then evaluated with GC-MS; in order to obtain the chemicalcompositions.Keywords: Composites, grinded and microwave pyrolyse composites (MGC), grindedcomposites (GC), Polypropylene (PP), Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene (MAPP),Micro-compounder, Tensile Testing, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Different ScanningCalorimetry (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Microwave pyrolysis,polymer oil, distillation, GCMS Analysis. / Program: MSc in Resource Recovery - Sustainable Engineering polypropylene (pp) grinded composites (gc) neoxil virgin glass fiber caco3 hammer mill fiber micro-compounder injection termogravimetric analysis (tga) tensile testing gcmsanalysis dynamic mechanical analysis microwavepyrolysis different scanning calorimetry(dsc) distillation polymer oil Engineering and Technology Teknik och teknologier
22	Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique de matériaux géopolymères. Application : cinétique de minéralisation de géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 synthétique DERRIEN, Anne-Cécile 08 October 2004 (has links) (PDF) Dans le domaine de la chirurgie orthopédique ou maxillo-faciale, les praticiens sont confrontés à des pertes de substance osseuse qui nécessitent l'utilisation de matériaux de comblement (ou de substitution). L'utilisation de biomatériaux synthétiques (dont la disponibilité est très importante) permet de limiter les réponses immunitaires. Dans ce travail nous nous intéressons à deux matériaux : les géopolymères et le carbonate de calcium synthétique sous forme d'aragonite pure. Dans le domaine des biomatériaux de comblement, l'optimisation du compromis entre le pourcentage de porosité et les propriétés mécaniques (voisines de celles de l'os spongieux) favorise l'ostéointégration et la tenue des implants. Cette observation nous a conduit à étudier des aluminosilicates de la famille des géopolymères définis par un rapport molaire Si/ Al = 21. Les aluminosilicates synthétisés ont été associés à des phosphates de calcium : hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate tri-calcique (TCP) et biphasique. Après traitement thermique à 500°C, les géopolymères présentent des valeurs de pH voisines de 7 ainsi qu'un bon compromis porosité/ contrainte à la rupture (en compression). Pour le CaCO3, notre laboratoire de recherches a mis au point la synthèse du carbonate de calcium sous forme d'aragonite pure. Ces matériaux ont fait l'objet d'études in vitro et in vivo afin d'évaluer leur potentiel pour une utilisation comme biomatériaux. Les cinétiques de minéralisation des implants géopolymères et du biomatériau CaCO3 ont été étudiées par PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) et par NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). Les résultats obtenus pour le CaCO3 par ces deux méthodes montrent un comportement in vivo similaire à celui d'un TCP utilisé comme référence (travail réalisé avec l'aide de l'ANVAR Bretagne). Les premières études in vivo réalisées sur les géopolymères ont montré que ces derniers sont ostéointégrés. Dès le délai de 1 mois, les porosités externes des implants sont colonisées par de l'os néoformé. La cicatrisation en surface des matériaux est totale à 3 mois. Les analyses par PIXE des implants confirment la consolidation de l'interface dès le délai de 1 mois. [PHYS:NUCL] Physics/Nuclear Theory Biomatériaux Géopolymères (GPS) composites GPS- phosphates de calcium synthèse caractérisation structurale porosité contrainte à la rupture plan d'expérience bioactivité cytotoxicité évaluation in vitro évaluation in vivo CaCO3 PIXE NAA
23	Protein Microparticles for Printable Bioelectronics Nadhom, Hama January 2015 (has links) In biosensors, printing involves the transfer of materials, proteins or cells to a substrate. It offers many capabilities thatcan be utilized in many applications, including rapid deposition and patterning of proteins or other biomolecules.However, issues such as stability when using biomaterials are very common. Using proteins, enzymes, as biomaterialink require immobilizations and modifications due to changing in the structural conformation of the enzymes, whichleads to changes in the properties of the enzyme such as enzymatic activity, during the printing procedures andrequirements such as solvent solutions. In this project, an innovative approach for the fabrication of proteinmicroparticles based on cross-linking interchange reaction is presented to increase the stability in different solvents.The idea is to decrease the contact area between the enzymes and the surrounding environment and also preventconformation changes by using protein microparticles as an immobilization technique for the enzymes. The theory isbased on using a cross-linking reagent trigging the formation of intermolecular bonds between adjacent proteinmolecules leading to assembly of protein molecules within a CaCO3 template into a microparticle structure. TheCaCO3 template is removed by changing the solution pH to 5.0, leaving behind pure highly homogenous proteinmicroparticles with a size of 2.4 ± 0.2 μm, according to SEM images, regardless of the incubation solvents. Theenzyme model used is Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Glutaraldehyde (GL)as a cross-linking reagent. Furthermore, a comparison between the enzymatic activity of the free HRP and the BSAHRPprotein microparticles in buffer and different solvents are obtained using Michaelis-Menten Kinetics bymeasuring the absorption of the blue product produced by the enzyme-substrate interaction using a multichannelspectrophotometer with a wavelength of 355 nm. 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as substrate. As aresult, the free HRP show an enzymatic activity variation up to ± 50 % after the incubation in the different solventswhile the protein microparticles show much less variation which indicate a stability improvement. Moreover, printingthe microparticles require high microparticle concentration due to contact area decreasing. However, usingmicroparticles as a bioink material prevent leakage/diffusion problem that occurs when using free protein instead. Printed electronic ink ink materials biosensor protein immobilization modification free enzyme protein microparticles enzymatic activity structural conformation substrate Michaelis-Menten kinetic Km cross-linking TMB stability pH temperature buffer PBS solvents 2-Propanol Acetonitrile Ethylene Glycol incubation stability reagent Glutaraldehyde CaCO3 template HRP BSA-HRP MP contact area bioink leakage/diffusion drop-cast.

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