So, Chun Lung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-196). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix in Chinese.

Les travailleurs impliqués dans la gestion des matières résiduelles domestiques sont continuellement exposés à des bioaérosols pouvant entrainer des problèmes de santé de nature infectieux, allergène et cancérigène. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’exposition aux bioaérosols des éboueurs et des chauffeurs de camion durant la collecte des déchets et des matières résiduelles à Montréal par une analyse multimétrique et multimédia. Les conditions de travail ont été évalués dans six camions (2 recyclages, 2 organiques et 2 domestiques). Pour chaque camion, des mesures ambiantes (cabine du chauffeur) et des mesures dans la zone respiratoire d’un collecteur et d’un chauffeur ont été réalisées. Des prélèvements sur la surface des sièges des chauffeurs ont aussi été effectués et les filtres à air de l’habitacle des camions ont été évalués. Les échantillons ont été analysés au laboratoire microbiologique de l’IRSST selon la méthode par culture microbienne et la méthode moléculaire Droplet Digital PCR. Les résultats indiquent que les collecteurs sont généralement les plus exposés aux bioaérosols. Les collecteurs des déchets domestiques étaient notamment les plus exposés avec des concentrations moyennes pour les bactéries (27 000 UFC/m3), les endotoxines (100 UE/m3) et les moisissures (5 900 UFC/m3) excédant les recommandations sanitaires. Néanmoins, les collecteurs du compost étaient les plus exposés aux moisissures (6 800 UFC/m3). E.coli et A.fumigatus ont été détectés dans tous nos échantillons avec des expositions plus importantes pour les travailleurs du domestique. De plus, les sièges des chauffeurs des camions domestiques avaient les niveaux de contamination les plus élevés. La concentration moyenne de A.fumigatus (2 500 UG/m3) dans l’air de ces camions était supérieure à celle des camions de recyclage et de compost. Les résultats des filtres n’ont pas permis de tirer de conclusions quant à l’exposition des chauffeurs aux bioaérosols. Les résultats de cette recherche ont permis de mettre en évidence que l’exposition des travailleurs lors de la collecte des déchets pourrait être influencée par le type de déchets, le poste de travail ainsi que les tâches exécutées. Cette étude confirme le potentiel élevé d’exposition aux bioaérosols des travailleurs attitrés au transport des matières résiduelles et des déchets. Elle valide aussi le besoin de réduire les expositions professionnelles par diverses stratégies, y compris les procédures de nettoyage de la cabine et l’utilisation d’équipement de protection respiratoire lors de tâches génératrices de bioaérosols (nettoyage des camions au jet, déchargement des camions). / Workers involved in the management of household residual materials are continuously exposed to bioaerosols which can cause them health problems of an infectious, allergenic and carcinogenic nature. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure to bioaerosols of collectors and trucks drivers during the collection of domestic waste and residual materials in Montreal by a multimeric and multimedia analysis. A sampling campaign was conducted on six drivers and six collectors. A total of 6 trucks that collect recyclable (2), organic (2) and compost (2) waste were evaluated. Samples were also taken from the surface of the drivers' seats, and the cabin air filters were recovered. Samples were analyzed at the microbiology laboratory of the IRSST using the microbial culture method and the molecular method of Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). The results indicate that collectors are generally the most exposed to bioaerosols. Domestic waste collectors were in particular the most exposed with average concentrations for bacteria (27,000 CFU/m3), endotoxins (100 EU/m3) and fungi (5,900 CFU/m3) exceeding health recommendations. However, the compost collectors were the most exposed to fungi (6,800 CFU/m3). E. coli and A. fumigatus were detected in all of our samples, but exposures were greater for workers collecting domestic waste. In addition, the seats of drivers involved in domestic waste collection had the highest levels of contamination. The average concentration of A. fumigatus (2,500 UG/m3) in the air of the cabin of domestic waste trucks was higher than that of recycling and compost trucks. The results of the filters did not allow us to draw any conclusions on their role in terms of drivers exposure to bioaerosols. The results of this research highlighted that workers exposure to bioaerosols could be influenced by factors such as the type of waste, the workplace and workers’ tasks performed. This study confirms the high potential for exposure to bioaerosols of workers assigned to the transport of household residual materials and waste. It also validates the need to reduce workers exposures by various strategies including, cabin cleaning procedures and the use of respiratory protection equipment for specific tasks generating bioaerosols (water jet cleaning of trucks, unloading of trucks).

The main aim of the diploma thesis is the revitalization of the site Horečky in Beskydy mountains, which contains several abandoned buildings. In the introduction, the work provides an analysis in the wider context and comes up with a concept of urban strategy on the larger scale. The main item of the urban and architectural study itself is a complex of existing buildings called Pantata, Marianka and Panimama and their setting in the terraced hilly landscape. The first necessary step is purging the buildings of nonconceptual extensions, which were added in the past. The function, which was chosen based on the outcome of the analysis part is a recreational accommodation facility oriented on educational school trips and alternative forms of experience-based educational methods. The building Pantáta gets to be the main center of the function itself and the 3rd and 4th stock is designed as additional accommodation facility. The building is also complemented with an extension building located in the terrace in the sloping-down terrain. This spatial concept also enables expansion of the exterior space in front of the historical building. The building Marianka is designed to be the main accommodation facility. The building Panimama is removed and a forest-cabin accommodation area is designed at the plot as another alternative way of staying in nature. There are also other landscape interventions and pavilions designed within the thesis project.

In this report an equation is derived to calculate the dynamic effect of primary and secondary aircraft cabin air contamination. The equation is applied in order to understand implications and hazards. Primary contamination is from an outside source in form of normal low level contamination or high level contamination in a failure case. Secondary contamination originates from deposited material released into the cabin by a trigger event. The dynamic effect is described as an initial value problem (IVP) of a system governed by a nonhomogeneous linear first order ordinary differential equation (ODE). More complicated excitations are treated as a sequence of IVPs. The ODE is solved from first principles. Spreadsheets are provided with sample calculations that can be adapted to user needs. The method is not limited to a particular principle of the environmental control system (ECS) or contamination substance. The report considers cabin air recirculation and several locations of contamination sources, filters, and deposit points (where contaminants can accumulate and from where they can be released). This is a level of detail so far not considered in the cabin air literature. Various primary and secondary cabin contamination scenarios are calculated with plausible input parameters taken from popular passenger aircraft. A large cabin volume, high air exchange rate, large filtered air recirculation rate, and high absorption rates at deposit points lead to low contamination concentration at given source strength. Especially high contamination concentrations would result if large deposits of contaminants are released in a short time. The accuracy of the results depends on the accuracy of the input parameters. Five different approaches to reduce the contaminant concentration in the aircraft cabin are discussed and evaluated. More effective solutions involve higher implementation efforts. The method and the spreadsheets allow predicting cabin air contamination concentrations independent of confidential industrial input parameters.