Wilderness areas provide a wide array of quality nature experiences including primitive recreational opportunities in a primeval condition. However, a lot of these ecological and pristine sites suffer from disturbance and environmental degradation by the exhaustive human recreational use on campsites. Most of the impacts associated with camping gradually become a critical concern since they can be devastating to a wilderness environment and the affiliated experience. This study employed the contingent valuation method to determine peoples' willingness to pay for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness if campsites were restricted /limited, and to estimate an economic value of non-market goods and services affiliated to the preservation and use values of the Panther Den Wilderness. A Contingent valuation questionnaire was administered to gather information on the respondent's intentions and to determine what they would be willing to pay under a hypothetical scenario. Moon's WTP model estimated the willingness to pay relationship with a set of explanatory and socio-demographic variables including bid sizes, miles traveled, recreation times, campsite impacts observed, age, gender, and education. Results revealed that there was a clear relationship between the respondents' willingness to pay, the pre-determined bid-size/fee level, and the distance traveled to the Panther Den Wilderness, hence; the correlation between the variables was highly significant. The estimated mean willingness to pay value for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness was $9.56 per visitor. Overall, the estimated results and mean willingness to pay value served as the interpretation of an assessment which clearly revealed that outdoor recreation users were willing to pay a user fee for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness regardless of campsite limitations or restrictions.

Recent research has emphasized the need to professionally manage campsites for long-term use, particularly in light of rising visitation to natural protected areas worldwide. Camping regulations vary considerably along the length of any long-distance trail due to the many land types and management agencies involved. Large proportions of long-distance trails have at-large camping policies, resulting in camping problems associated with visitor-chosen or developed campsites. Several long-term monitoring studies in areas with at-large camping policies indicate the expansion and proliferation of individual campsites, and growth of overall camping related impacts, to be a substantial managerial concern. This research evaluates the relative influence of environmental and topographic factors, both collected in the field and modeled in GIS using high-resolution topography (LiDAR) data, on areal measures of campsite impact utilizing Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression for factor selection and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for regressions. Chosen variables in regressions explained 64% of the variation in campsite size and 61% of the variation in the area of vegetation loss on a campsite. Results indicate four variables managers can utilize to enhance the sustainability of campsites: use level, overnight site type, and terrain characteristics relating to slope and topographic roughness. Results support indirect management methods that rely on the design and location of campsites and trails and not the effectiveness of enforcement or restricting visitor freedom. In the face of rising use, techniques and concepts presented aid in identifying or creating ecologically sustainable campsites. / Master of Science

This dissertation comprises two distinct journal articles, each contributing significant advancements to recreation ecology by examining the effectiveness of various spatial tools in camping and trail management. The first article leverages strategic spatial planning, considering topography and spacing, to limit camping impacts and enhance visitor experiences. It investigates the long-term effectiveness of a sustainable camping management strategy on the Appalachian Trail, whereby protected area managers select and actively encourage or require visitors to camp on excavated "side-hill" campsites in sloping terrain. One of the most degraded camping locations along the popular Appalachian Trail was selected for this longitudinal study, which, in May 2002, involved the closure of 19 existing campsites in flat terrain, with use shifted to 14 newly constructed side-hill campsites in adjacent sloping terrain. Over the subsequent 17 years, the recovery of the closed campsites and the evolution of the newly established side-hill campsites were monitored and assessed. Results from this study reveal that a multifaceted approach integrating both direct and indirect management actions successfully achieved their management objectives to sustain the site's exceptionally high use while minimizing both resource and social impacts. This study highlights the ability of constructed side-hill campsites to resist expansion over time and provides valuable findings, insights, and "lessons learned" to guide protected area managers in selecting and implementing effective management strategies and actions in other high-use settings. The second study evaluates terrestrial photogrammetry as a spatial tool for trail impact assessment. Protected natural areas like Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP) rely heavily on trails to facilitate visitor access while spatially concentrating environmental impacts to their treads. Assessing the condition of these trails is difficult due to the logistical challenges inherent in conventional field data-gathering techniques. While technological advancements such as Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) introduce Structure-from-Motion (SfM) capabilities for trail monitoring, they are not without limitations, including prohibitive costs, legal restrictions, and operational challenges, particularly when monitoring trails enveloped by canopy cover. This study presents a novel approach to trail assessment using terrestrial photogrammetry, wherein a consumer-grade camera captures high-resolution imagery that is processed using SfM techniques. The study compared manual measurements of 46 trail transects in JTNP with measurements from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) generated from SfM point clouds. The outcomes revealed a high level of agreement between the two methods, with the measurements derived from photogrammetric DEM data exhibiting consistently higher values compared to the field measurements, especially in the central regions of the transects. A statistically significant positive relationship between transect width and mean differences between GIS and field tread incision measurements suggests that the disparity may arise from the sagging of the tape measure across the trail, indicating photogrammetric methods might offer greater accuracy. The paper outlines methods for capturing high-resolution 3D trail data using cost-effective techniques and discusses the practicality and possibilities of using the technique in trail monitoring programs. This has far-reaching implications and positions terrestrial photogrammetry as a compelling alternative to drone-based acquisitions, particularly in areas where UAV operations are restricted, discouraged, or impractical. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation contains two journal articles, each contributing significant advancements to recreation ecology by examining the effectiveness of various spatial tools in camping and trail management. The first paper assesses a sustainable camping strategy on the Appalachian Trail, where managers guide visitors to use designated campsites built into steep terrain, called "side-hill" campsites. One of the most degraded camping locations along the popular Appalachian Trail was selected for this study, and in May 2002, 19 existing campsites in flat terrain were closed, and use was shifted to 14 newly constructed side-hill campsites in nearby steeper terrain. Over 17 years, researchers measured the recovery of the old sites and the evolution and impacts associated with the new ones. The results show the new approach successfully prevented the expansion of campsites, a chronic problem in popular camping areas in flat terrain. Success is attributed not only to the physical relocation of campsites but also to the closing of old campsites with fencing, educating visitors about sustainable camping practices, enforcing regulations, and maintaining the sites. This study highlights the ability of constructed side-hill campsites to resist expansion over time and provides valuable findings, insights, and "lessons learned" to guide protected area managers in selecting and implementing effective management strategies and actions in other high-use settings. The second study in this dissertation introduces an innovative method for assessing the impact on trails in protected areas like Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP). Maintaining hiking trails is crucial as they provide visitor access while spatially concentrating environmental impacts to their treads. However, evaluating their condition is complex due to challenges associated with traditional data collection methods. While drones offer some advancements, they come with their own set of issues, including high costs, legal hurdles, and difficulties operating in areas with dense tree cover. This research presents a novel approach through terrestrial photogrammetry, a technique that uses photos of an object taken at different angles to create detailed 3D models with specialized software, a process known as Structure-from-Motion. The study involved a detailed comparison of traditional manual measurements from 46 trail sections in JTNP to measurements obtained from these 3D models. Results suggest photogrammetric methods might offer greater accuracy than manual measurements. The paper outlines methods for capturing high-resolution 3D trail data using cost-effective techniques and discusses the practicality and possibilities of using the technique in trail monitoring programs. This has far-reaching implications and positions terrestrial photogrammetry as a compelling alternative to drone-based acquisitions, particularly in areas where UAV operations are restricted, discouraged, or impractical.

Human-bear interactions are an important consideration of bear biology, as interactions can lead to destruction of property as well as injury or death for both human and bear. Successful analysis of why these interactions occur can lead to appropriate preventative measures and mitigation of further conflict. Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA) is comprised of relatively poor bear habitat, but a black bear population exists on the Paunsaugunt Plateau, on which the park occupies the eastern edge. Park managers expressed interest in learning more about bear movements and, specifically, bear use of anthropogenic features following a number of human-bear incidents located at backcountry campsites within park boundaries. By analyzing data from GPS radio-collared bears, trail cameras, existing literature, park incident reports and in-depth campsite assessments, we were able to show how bears are using both natural and anthropogenic features on the Bryce landscape. Campsites were assessed for bear habitat, displacement and encounter potential in order to establish an overall human-bear conflict potential. AIC model selection and resource selection functions using GPS collar data showed that bears selected for some anthropogenic features (campsites, springs), while actively avoiding others (trails, roads). Trail camera data, existing literature and park incident reports all pointed toward use of trails. We then considered all data sources used in the analysis and compiled rankings of human-bear conflict potential for each of the backcountry campsites within BRCA, and submitted a detailed report of findings, conclusions and recommendations to NPS personnel. Second, we investigated human-bear interactions at polar bear dens sites on Alaska's North Slope. As parturient female polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation increasingly construct maternal dens on coastal land features rather than sea ice, they become more likely to interact with industry and other human activity. We wanted to understand what levels of human interaction could lead to disturbance of denning polar bears, and what types of responses were being exhibited by bears following those interactions. We subdivided potential disturbance stimuli into groups based on their size, motion and sound and the used AIC model selection techniques and multinomial logistic regression to analyze records of human-bear interactions at den sites ranging from 1975 through the present day. We found significant probabilities of varying levels of bear disturbance response among a number of stimuli and intensities. However, denning bear families were overall more tolerant of human activity near den sites than expected. Den abandonments were rare, and we documented no cases of reproductive failure following a disturbance event. We hope that our results from the analysis can be used to further enhance management of industry when operating in polar bear denning habitat.

Lietuvoje kaimo turizmas yra viena iš perspektyviausių alternatyvių veiklų, kurianti darbo vietas kaimo vietovėse ir teikianti papildomas pajamas. Alternatyvios ir žemės ūkio veiklos derinimas padeda siekti pagrindinio tikslo – gerinti ūkio narių užimtumą, kelti gyvenimo lygį ir kokybę, o taip pat mažinti priklausomybę nuo neefektyvios žemės ūkio veiklos. Kaimo turizmas turi didelį plėtros potencialą, nes auga poreikis poilsiauti kaimo turizmo sodybose, ir didėja kaimo gyventojų, ketinančių imtis šio ne žemės ūkio verslo, dalis. Darbo tikslas – ištirti kaimo turizmo veiklą Lietuvos kaime, išanalizuoti jos perspektyvas. Atliekant mokslinį tyrimą buvo išnagrinėti straipsniai, įstatymai bei kiti teisės aktai. Naudotasi internetiniais puslapiais ir periodiniais leidiniais. Sukaupta medžiaga buvo nagrinėta naudojant anketinės ir tiesioginės apklausos, loginės analizės, literatūros šaltinių analizės, aprašomąjį ir statistinį metodus. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad per pastaruosius septynerius metus (nuo 2000 iki 2007 m.) kaimo turizmo sodybų skaičius padidėjo net keturis kartus. Daugiausia kaimo turizmo sodybų yra Ignalinos, Zarasų, Trakų, Klaipėdos rajonų savivaldybėse. Nors kaimo turizmas pastaraisiais metais tapo vienu iš populiariausių ne žemės ūkio verslų kaime, šių paslaugų pasiūla, kokybė ir įvairovė nėra pakankama. / Country tourism is one of the perspective alternative agriculture activities which creates new workplaces and give additional income. If we will match alternative and agriculture activities, we will be able to reach the main purpose – improve an employment, raise the standard quality of life, reduce dependence from not effective agriculture activities. The country tourism has a big potential of developmental. Main goal of this job is to analyze country tourism activity in Lithuania village and perspective of countryside tourism development. It was used analysis of memoirs, statistical grouping, logical analysis, descriptive and questionnaire methods. To determine relationships between two properties was used correlation analysis. From results we saw that during seven years (from 2000 to 2007) number of countryside farmsteads increase even four times. There was determining that the biggest amount countryside tourism farmsteads are in Ignalinos, Zarasų, Trakų, Klaipėdos regions. It was determined that the biggest influence to distribution of countryside farmsteads was water.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Hansen Schlachta.pdf: 1050445 bytes, checksum: 83ca026878c5b28fdbefb387b9da5678 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-22 / This study concerns a contemporary reading of experiences carved within the Landless Workers` Movement (LWM) formation process analyzing how agroecology is thought, while a political practice of collective confrontation, suggesting a contraposition to transgenic food as well as to the agri-business. Concomitantly, it is highlighted how the agroecology engenders a production and social organizational modal in the Landless` campsites upholding respect to the environment with the objective of generating income for the rural workers. These central issues will be approached from diverse experience lived by the individuals that struggle for the land and Agricultural Reform. For this research the Antônio Companheiro Tavares campsite, located in the city of São Miguel do Iguaçu and comprised of 79 families, was chosen. This site is held as reference in agroecology by the LWM. From contradictions evidenced in the organization processes of different forms of work and farming, as well as the way they were lived by the members utilizing daily life experiences, we analyzed how, in the process of struggling for land and agriculture reform, a movement political culture aimed to protected practices and environmental recuperation was engendered based on the cultural references of the way of life of landless workers embroidered in their life experiences and in their relation with other social entities when outlining the LWM. Thus, the research focus mainly on the social experience of the rural workers questioning how this experience processes itself in the set of relations, how it is established in the lively process by the historical subjects and their functions that engraft feelings and movement to organizing their own work and in relation to the LWM itself / Este estudo trata de uma leitura contemporânea das experiências tecidas no interior do processo de formação do MST, analisando como a agroecologia passa a ser pensada enquanto uma prática política de enfrentamento coletivo, oferecendo uma contraposição aos trangênicos, bem como ao agronegócio. Concomitantemente, procuramos evidenciar como a agroecologia engendra um modelo de organização social e da produção nos assentamentos, primando pelo respeito ao meio-ambiente e tendo por objetivo a geração de renda aos trabalhadores rurais. Estas questões centrais serão abordadas a partir da diversidade de experiências vividas pelos sujeitos que lutam pela terra e pela Reforma Agrária. Para a pesquisa optou-se pela escolha do Assentamento Antônio Companheiro Tavares, no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, que possui 79 famílias assentadas na área e é tido pelo MST enquanto referência em Agroecologia. A partir das contradições evidenciadas nos processos de organização das diferentes formas de trabalho e cultivo, bem como do modo que foram vividas pelos assentados, no fazer-se das experiências da vida cotidiana, analisamos como, no processo de luta pela terra e pela reforma agrária, se engendrou uma cultura política de movimento que se volta para práticas de proteção e recuperação do meio-ambiente, a partir das referências culturais do modo de vida dos trabalhadores sem-terra, tecidas em suas experiências de vida e nas relações com outros sujeitos sociais e entidades, no fazer-se do MST. Assim, a pesquisa tem por principal enfoque a experiência social dos trabalhadores rurais, problematizando como essa experiência se processa no conjunto das relações, como se constitui no processo vivido pelos sujeitos históricos e suas ações, que imprimem sentidos e movimentos à organização do seu próprio trabalho e também em relação ao próprio MST

Abstract The popularity of nature-based tourism has increased worldwide and peripheral areas with conservational value, like protected areas, are attractive destinations. The recreational use and construction of tourism facilities can cause environmental degradation and decrease the conservational and recreational value of areas if not well planned and managed. The aim of this thesis was to improve our knowledge of recreation and tourism induced changes in northern boreal environments. Direct and indirect impacts of recreation on vegetation and birds in protected areas were examined. Furthermore, the environmental impacts of ski resorts in terms of changes in vegetation and soil, threats from non-native species and water pollution were investigated. In protected areas, the size of the disturbed areas around campsites was found to be mainly determined by the distance between the main tourism facilities (wilderness hut and campfire-site), and the mountain biotopes were more sensitive to disturbance than forests. Recreational use had induced changes also in the bird community. The occurrence and the composition of birds were affected, and the open nesters nesting on the ground were found to be the most sensitive. The construction, revegetation and management practices of ski runs had increased the nutrient concentrations, pH and conductivity of the soil, and changed the original vegetation notably. Non-native seed mixture species, used in revegetating the ski runs, were found to be favoured by management practices (disturbance and peat addition) in an experimental study, but, eventually, were not able to be established themselves into study plots. Ski resorts’ construction and management have also affected the water quality. Concentrations of nutrients were higher in ski resort lakes in relation to reference lakes and were comparable to lakes polluted by agriculture and forestry. The results of this theses give new information on tourism and recreation induced changes and are applicable for planning and management. Nature-based tourism and recreation can cause long-term changes in terrestrial and aquatic environments, which should be considered at all levels of planning and management. For sustainable tourism development, it is essential that impacts are regularly monitored and preventative means are developed and used to minimize environmental degradation.

Cotutelle internationale de thèse réalisée entre l'Université de Montréal et l'Université de Lille / Résumé Victoire inattendue de Donald Trump aux États-Unis lors de la campagne présidentielle de 2016 ; succès du camp du Brexit au Royaume-Uni la même année ; disparition des deux partis de gouvernement au deuxième tour de la campagne présidentielle en France lors de l’élection de 2017 ; victoire majoritaire d’un tiers-parti, la Coalition Avenir Québec, lors de l’élection provinciale de 2018 au Québec : des deux bords de l’Atlantique, d’importantes recompositions des scènes partisanes et des résultats électoraux inopinés agitent les analyses politiques, médiatiques et pour partie universitaires. Ces phénomènes sont parfois interprétés au travers du prisme de la « montée des populismes ». Certains travaux pointent du doigt le « peuple » et sa propension à se laisser séduire, voire berner, par des leaders « populistes ». L’explication, souvent sur la base d’enquêtes de sondage, serait à trouver dans le vote, pêlemêle, des « perdants de la mondialisation », des classes populaires ou encore du monde ordinaire des zones rurales. Le constat d’un champ politique apparemment chamboulé par les franges dominées du monde social s’accompagne du paradoxe de pauvres votant contre leurs intérêts supposés. En France, ces questionnements s’inscrivent en partie dans des débats autour du vote des classes populaires dans un contexte d’effacement du clivage gauche-droite comme référent politique. Au contraire, au Québec, la scène partisane est présentée comme de plus en plus polarisée autour de ce clivage en raison du moindre attrait de la cause souverainiste tandis que la notion de classes populaires n’est pas aussi centralement mobilisée par les analyses politiques. En comparant ces deux cas distincts, ce travail de recherche vise à éclairer sous un jour qualitatif les rapports à la politique et au politique des classes populaires en France et au Québec. Sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique dans deux campings populaires dans le Pas-de-Calais et dans la partie sud de la région de Québec, ce travail étudie par le bas et dans une perspective comparée les représentations et les attitudes politiques de campeuses et de campeurs saisonniers dans des contextes de loisirs. Je mobilise comme données d’enquête une campagne d’une cinquantaine d’entretiens, des observations ethnographiques réalisées pendant deux saisons estivales dans ces deux campings et dans d’autres espaces de loisirs. En analysant les représentations ordinaires des sphères partisanes et les sens sociaux du vote auprès des enquêté-e-s rencontré-e-s, ce travail souligne une même distance soupçonneuse vis-à-vis du champ politique auprès de groupes sociaux aux propriétés sociales comparables. Le vote y apparait comme une information politique équivoque et parfois difficilement interprétable. A rebours des seuls schèmes savants de compréhension du jeu politique, ce travail souligne la mobilisation parmi les classes populaires françaises et québécoises d’outils profanes comparables, les indices et les rumeurs, qui observés in situ illustrent la pluralité des modes d’appréhension de la politique. Pour partie faiblement connectées aux enjeux du champ politique, souvent en écho à des expériences personnelles, les attitudes politiques des classes populaires nécessitent d’être étudiées dans une perspective plus large. Ces rapports au politique se comprennent davantage en réinscrivant ces représentations politiques et du monde social dans les relations qu’entretiennent ces enquêté-e-s à l’État et dans les frontières identitaires et de classe qu’ils et elles mobilisent pour se situer socialement. Cette recherche souligne ainsi les divergences et les effets de trajectoires sociales et de lieu dans les visions du monde que mobilisent les classes populaires dans ces deux espaces nationaux. Ma contribution vise donc à éclairer sous un autre jour les recompositions des scènes partisanes en France et au Québec en abordant la question au travers des rapports ordinaires à la politique des classes populaires. Elle esquisse une sociologie politique des classes populaires au Québec et prend position dans les débats portant sur la droitisation des classes populaires et sur la « montée des populismes » en France et au Québec en proposant une contribution méthodologique à l’ethnographie du politique. / Abstract Donald Trump’s unforeseen victory in the U.S’s 2016 presidential campaign. The unexpected Brexit in the U.K. the same year. The disappearance of the two governing political parties in France at the 2017 elections. The electoral success of a third party, the Coalition Avenir Québec, during the provincial elections in 2018 in Quebec. On both sides of the Atlantic, unpredicted electoral results and a large reshuffling of partisan scenes are upsetting political, media and academic analyses. These phenomena are sometimes summed up as part of the “rise of populism”. Some works single out the “people” and their habit of being seduced, sometimes of being fooled, by “populist” leaders. The (jumbled) causes – built through statistical explications – are usually found with the “losers of the globalization”, the popular social classes or with ordinary people of rural regions. The observation of a political world turned upside down by the more dominated margins of society is usually brought up with the paradox of poor people voting against their supposed interests. In France, these reflections are part of the larger debate concerning the voting habits of the popular classes in the context of the slow demise of the right-left divide as the main political reference. On the contrary, in Quebec, the partisan sphere is seen as being more and more polarized around this divide, as the question of sovereignty loses its significance. At the same time, the notion of popular social classes is not as centrally used by analysts in Quebec. Comparing these two cases allows this research to shed – a qualitative – light on the popular classes’ relations to politics and political sides in France and in Quebec. This work is based on an ethnographic fieldwork in two lower class campgrounds in Pas-de-Calais (in France) and in the south of the “ region of Québec ”. It is a study, from the bottom-up and in a comparative perspective, of the representations and political attitudes of seasonal campers in a leisurely context. My analysis is based on around fifty interviews and a set of ethnographic observation made during two summer seasons in two campgrounds and in other spaces of leisure. In my analysis of the research participants, ordinary representations of the political parties and of the social significance of voting underlines a suspicious distance from the political realm that is common to socially comparable groups. Voting habits appear to give ambiguous political information that is often difficult to interpret. Far from the erudite patterns of understanding the political game, my work emphasizes common secular tools used by popular classes in France and in Quebec. When such tools, like the use of clues or of rumors for instance, are observed on site, they illustrate the plurality of the participants’ understanding of and relationship to the political. The political attitudes of the popular classes are very loosely connected to the issues of the political realm and are usually rooted in personal experiences. They thus need to be studied in a larger perspective. These relationships to the political are better understood when they are connected to the participants’ relationship to the State and to their own mobilization of identities which allows them to situate themselves socially. My work therefore underscores the divergences and effects of diverse social and spatial trajectories on the social representations and world visions that the popular social classes muster in these two distinct national spaces. My work consequently aims at shedding a different light on the reshuffling of the partisan scenes in France and in Quebec by orienting the debate towards the ordinary relationships of the popular classes to the political. This thesis points at a political sociology of popular classes in Quebec. It also takes a stand in the debates on the shift to the right of these lower classes and on the “rise of populism” in France and in Quebec. This stand is rooted in a methodological contribution to the ethnography of the political.

Au croisement de la sociologie des classes populaires et de la sociologie urbaine et du logement, cette thèse porte sur l’une des formes de logements non ordinaires qui a connu un développement massif en France dans les territoires ruraux et périurbains au cours de ces dernières années : le camping résidentiel. Combinant immersion ethnographique dans plusieurs campings de la région parisienne, entretiens, archives et statistiques, elle montre l’existence d’une véritable stratification interne à cet habitat, eu égard à l’hétérogénéité des situations résidentielles, des trajectoires, des ressources, des expériences et des styles de vie des habitants. Le camping résidentiel est de fait apparu comme remplissant trois grandes fonctions sociales segmentant la population qui le pratique : il peut représenter une alternative à la maison individuelle inaccessible, figurer un déclassement subjectif et objectif ou encore s’apparenter à une solution qui pallie la pénurie de logement abordable et évite le dénuement extrême de la rue. Inscrite dans une approche à la fois contextualiste et dispositionnaliste des manières d’habiter, la thèse rapporte ces trois fonctions du camping – qui constituent également trois styles de vie distincts – aux caractéristiques particulières de cette forme d’habitat non ordinaire mais aussi à des ressources, des trajectoires et des socialisations résidentielles différentes articulées à des dispositions populaires relativement homogènes. Elle identifie enfin les causes, les dynamiques et les conséquences des pratiques de délogement en documentant « de l’intérieur » un cas de fermeture de terrain de camping, exemple de concrétisation du risque associé au statut juridique de cet habitat. / This thesis finds itself at the intersection of the sociology of the working classes and urban sociology, with a special interest in housing. It focuses on one of the forms of non-ordinary housing that has seen massive development in France in recent years: residential camping. Combining an ethnographic immersion in several campsites in the Paris region, interviews, archives and statistics, it shows the existence of a real internal stratification within this habitat, taking into account the heterogeneity of residential situations, trajectories, resources, experiences and lifestyles of the inhabitants. Residential camping has in fact emerged as fulfilling three major social functions which segment the population that practices it: it may represent an alternative to the inaccessible single-family home, or stand as a subjective and objective downgrading or even be a solution that makes up for the shortage of affordable housing, thus preventing the extreme destitution of living in the streets. Illustrating a dispositionalist-contextualist approach to ways of living, the thesis connects these three functions of camping - which also constitute three distinct lifestyles - with the particular characteristics of this unusual form of housing. It also links it to different resources, trajectories and forms of residential socialisation corresponding to relatively homogeneous popular dispositions. Finally, it identifies the causes, dynamics and consequences of eviction practices by documenting "from the inside" the case of a campground closure, an example of the risk involved in the legal status of this habitat.