A total of 169 batches of chicken (almost 4 million pieces) were included in the survey, of which 88 batches were Cobb 500 chicken and 81 batches Ross 308 chickens. The difference in the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) was 30 points in favour of the Ross 308 hybrid when compared with the Cobb 500 hybrid (395 and 365 points respectively, P < 0.05). During the monitored years, the EPEF gradually increased from 357 points in 2014 to 404 points in 2017, i.e. by 47 points (P < 0.05). From the perspective of the hatchery influence (A and B), the Ross 308 hybrid was found have almost identical EPEF (394 and 395 points respectively). The EPEF of the Cobb 500 hybrid was 27 points higher in hatchery B (380 and 353 points respectively, P < 0.05). The dependence of the live weight of the hybrid at slaughter on the age of the parent flock was found to be r = 0.41, i.e. moderate, statistically significant. A higher EPEF was achieved when fattening in green light as compared with white light. For the Cobb 500 hybrid, the difference was only 2 points (367 and 365 points respectively). For Ross 308 hybrid, the difference was higher, 11 points (404 and 393 points respectively). In the high-capacity hall, fattening took longer than in the small-capacity hall. The difference amounted to 0.92 days for the Cobb 500 hybrid (33.66 and 32.74 days respectively) and 0.11 days for the Ross 308 hybrid (33.11 and 33.00 days respectively). The differences in live weight were small, i.e. 0.01 kg for the Cobb 500 hybrid (2.09 and 2.10 kg respectively) and 0.02 kg for the Ross 308 hybrid (2.12 and 2.14 kg respectively), as were the differences in the feed mixture consumption per 1 kg weight gain, i.e. 0.02 kg for the Cobb 500 hybrid (1.57 and 1.59 kg respectively) and 0.03 kg for the Ross 308 hybrid (1.56 and 1.53 kg respectively). Higher mortality was found in the high-capacity hall. It was slightly higher, by 0.06 %, for the Cobb 500 hybrid (3.26 and 3.20 % respectively). For the Ross 308 hybrid, there was a higher difference of 0.72 % (3.46 and 2.74 % respectively). The EPEF was found to be slightly lower in the high-capacity hall compared to the low-capacity hall. The difference amounted to 9 points for the Cobb 500 hybrid (383 and 392 points respectively) and 17 points for the Ross 308 hybrid (395 and 412 points respectively).

abstract: Tin (Sn) has a high-specific capacity (993 mAhg-1) as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. To overcome the poor cycling performance issue caused by its large volume expansion and pulverization during the charging and discharging process, many researchers put efforts into it. Most of the strategies are through nanostructured material design and introducing conductive polymer binders that serve as matrix of the active material in anode. This thesis aims for developing a novel method for preparing the anode to improve the capacity retention rate. This would require the anode to have high electrical conductivity, high ionic conductivity, and good mechanical properties, especially elasticity. Here the incorporation of a conducting polymer and a conductive hydrogel in Sn-based anodes using a one-step electrochemical deposition via a 3-electrode cell method is reported: the Sn particles and conductive component can be electrochemically synthesized and simultaneously deposited into a hybrid thin film onto the working electrode directly forming the anode. A well-defined three dimensional network structure consisting of Sn nanoparticles coated by conducting polymers is achieved. Such a conductive polymer-hydrogel network has multiple advantageous features: meshporous polymeric structure can offer the pathway for lithium ion transfer between the anode and electrolyte; the continuous electrically conductive polypyrrole network, with the electrostatic interaction with elastic, porous hydrogel, poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile) (PAMPS) as both the crosslinker and doping anion for polypyrrole (PPy) can decrease the volume expansion by creating porous scaffold and softening the system itself. Furthermore, by increasing the amount of PAMPS and creating an interval can improve the cycling performance, resulting in improved capacity retention about 80% after 20 cycles, compared with only 54% of that of the control sample without PAMPS. The cycle is performed under current of 0.1 C. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Materials Science and Engineering 2015

abstract: Understanding the resilience of water management systems is critical for the continued existence and growth of communities today, in urban and rural contexts alike. In recent years, many studies have evaluated long-term human-environmental interactions related to water management across the world, highlighting both resilient systems and those that eventually succumb to their vulnerabilities. To understand the multitude of factors impacting resilience, scholars often use the concept of adaptive capacity. Adaptive capacity is the ability of actors in a system to make adaptations in anticipation of and in response to change to minimize potential negative impacts. In this three-paper dissertation, I evaluate the adaptive capacity of the water management systems of two medieval Khmer cities, located in present-day Cambodia, over the course of centuries. Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire for over 600 years (9 th -15 th centuries CE), except for one brief period when the capital was relocated to Koh Ker (921 – 944 CE). These cities both have massive water management systems that provide a comparative context for studying resilience; while Angkor thrived for hundreds of years, Koh Ker was occupied as the capital of the empire for a relatively short period. In the first paper, I trace the chronological and spatial development of two types of settlement patterns (epicenters and lower-density temple-reservoir settlement units) at Angkor in relation to state-sponsored hydraulic infrastructure. In the second and third papers, I conduct a diachronic analysis using empirical data for the adaptive capacity of the water management systems at both cities. The results suggest that adaptive capacity is useful for identifying causal factors in the resilience and failures of systems over the long term. The case studies also demonstrate the importance and warn of the danger of large centralized water management features. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2018

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No. of bitstreams: 1 miyagi_we_me_rcla.pdf: 2345213 bytes, checksum: 181f4a573486a33a82db142470ca14bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo se propôs a investigar questões relacionadas a validade, reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade de um protocolo alternativo para estimativa do máximo déficit acumulado de oxigênio em apenas uma sessão de esforço supramáximo (MAODALT) em cicloergômetro. Para responder essas questões foram realizados quatro experimentos, que tiveram como objetivos: verificar a validade do MAODALT e a influência da utilização de diferentes intensidades de exercício supramáximo (Experimento 1); verificar possíveis associações entre o MAODALT e as variáveis de desempenho provenientes do teste de Wingate (WAnT) (Experimento 2); verificar a sensibilidade do MAODALT em discriminar indivíduos com diferentes níveis de treinamento (Experimento 3); verificar o efeito da ingestão aguda de cafeína sobre o MAODALT (Experimento 4). No experimento 1, catorze indivíduos moderadamente ativos (26±6 anos) foram submetidos a um teste incremental máximo para determinação do consumo máximo de oxigênio ("V" ̇O2MAX) e da intensidade associada ao "V" ̇O2MAX (i"V" ̇O2MAX), dez exercícios em intensidades submáximas (30-90% da i"V" ̇O2MAX) e oito exercícios em intensidades supramáximas (100-150% da i"V" ̇O2MAX). Ainda, onze ciclistas (28±4 anos) foram submetidos a um teste incremental e a dois esforços supramáximos (teste e reteste) na intensidade que apresentou o melhor nível de concordância com o máximo déficit acumulado de oxigênio determinado de modo convencional (MAODC). No experimento 2, quinze ciclistas de mountain biking do sexo masculino (31±5 anos) foram submetidos a um teste incremental, um esforço supramáximo à intensidade de 115% da i"V" ̇O2MAX e um WAnT. No Experimento 3, cinquenta e cinco sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos: não treinados, recreacionalmente treinados e treinados. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste incremental e a um esforço supramáximo. E no Experimento 4, catorze ciclistas do sexo masculino (30±6 anos) foram submetidos a um teste incremental e a dois esforços supramáximos suplementando previamente cafeína (6 mg•kg-1) ou placebo (dextrose) em um desenho duplo cego e cruzado. Como resultados gerais, foi verificado que: 1) MAODALT é um procedimento válido para estimar a capacidade anaeróbia, mas sofre influência da intensidade supramáxima; 2) a intensidade de exercício supramáximo que apresentou o melhor nível de associação com o MAODC correspondeu a 115% da i"V" ̇O2MAX; 3) MAODALT apresentou associações com as variáveis do WAnT; 4) MAODALT parece ser sensível em discriminar indivíduos com diferentes níveis de treinamento; 5) a ingestão aguda de cafeína melhorou o tempo até a exaustão, mas o MAODALT permaneceu inalterado. Conclui-se que o MAODALT é válido para estimativa da capacidade anaeróbia, reprodutível à intensidade de 115% da i"V" ̇O2MAX, apresenta associações com o desempenho em teste anaeróbio, é sensível em discriminar indivíduos com diferentes níveis de aptidão física e permanece inalterado após suplementação aguda de cafeína. / The present study was proposed to verify issues related to the validity, reliability and sensibility of an alternative protocol to estimate the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit using only supramaximal effort (MAODALT) in cycling. In order to answer these questions, four experiments were carried out with the following objectives: to verify the validity of MAODALT and the effect of the use of different supramaximal intensities (Experiment 1); to verify possible associations between the MAODALT and performance in the Wingate test (WAnT) (Experiment 2); to verify the sensibility of MAODALT in to discriminate individuals with different training status (Experiment 3); to verify the effect of caffeine acute ingestion on MAODALT (Experiment 4). In the Experiment 1, fourteen active men (26±6 years) performed a maximal incremental test to determine the maximal oxygen uptake ("V" ̇O2MAX) and the intensity associated to "V" ̇O2MAX (i"V" ̇O2MAX), ten submaximal efforts (30-90% da i"V" ̇O2MAX) and eight supramaximal efforts (100-150% da i"V" ̇O2MAX). In addition, eleven cyclists (28±4 years) were submitted to a maximal incremental test and two supramaximal efforts at intensity that presented the best level of agreement with the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit determined by conventional method (MAODC). In Experiment 2, fifteen mountain biking men cyclists (31±5 years) performed a maximal incremental test, a supramaximal effort at 115% of the i"V" ̇O2MAX and a WAnT. In Experiment 3, fifty-five men were divided in three groups: untrained, recreationally trained and trained. The subjects performed a maximal incremental test and a supramaximal effort. In Experiment 4, fourteen cyclists male (30±6 years) were submitted to a maximal incremental test and two supramaximal efforts previously supplementing caffeine (6 mg•kg-1) or placebo (dextrose) in a double blind and crossover design. Such as results, it was verified that: 1) the MAODALT is a valid procedure to estimate the anaerobic capacity, however suffer influence of the supramaximal effort intensity; 2) The supramaximal intensity that presented the best level of agreement with the MAODC corresponds to 115% of the i"V" ̇O2MAX; 3) the MAODALT expressed in absolute values showed associations with the anaerobic performance evaluated in the WAnT; 4) the MAODALT seems to be sensible in to discriminate individuals with different training status. 5) The caffeine acute ingestion improved the time to exhaustion in the supramaximal effort, however, the MAODALT remained unaltered. Therefore, we concluded that the MAODALT is a valid procedure to estimate the anaerobic capacity, reproducible at 115% of i"V" ̇O2MAX, presents associations with the performance in anaerobic test, remains unaltered after caffeine supplementation and is sensible in to discriminate individuals with different physical fitness. / FAPESP: 2014/02892-5

Orientador: Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi / Banca: Maria Teresa Cattuzzo / Banca: Tarciana Nobre de Menezes / Banca: Marcia Valéria Cozzani / Banca: Claudio Alexandre Gobatto / Resumo: O padrão do andar sofre alterações com a idade devido a alguns fatores inerentes ao envelhecimento como diminuição da mobilidade, do equilíbrio e da capacidade funcional. O exercício físico se apresenta como uma alternativa capaz de reduzir estes efeitos e, consequentemente, produzir mudanças nos parâmetros do andar e na capacidade funcional, repercutindo em melhora na mobilidade e na independência funcional. As características do exercício, como tipo, frequência e intensidade, que podem melhor favorecer estas mudanças ainda não estão claramente definidas. Assim, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois estudos, com os seguintes objetivos: Estudo 1) comparar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercício nos parâmetros cinemáticos do andar de idosas, considerando as características antropométricas, a capacidade funcional e o nível de atividade física; e Estudo 2) avaliar os parâmetros do andar de idosas sedentárias antes e após o envolvimento em um programa de exercícios generalizados, considerando também as características antropométricas, a capacidade funcional e o nível de atividade física, conforme o Estudo 1. Participaram do Estudo 1, 56 idosas que foram agrupadas de acordo com o envolvimento, a mais de 6 meses, em: dança (n=10), musculação (n=10), hidroginástica (n=12), caminhada (n=11) e um grupo de idosas inativas (n=13), sem envolvimento em exercício físico por pelo menos 02 meses. Participaram do Estudo 2, 32 mulheres acima de 60 anos, sedentárias, recrutadas em grupos de terceira idade, sendo que 17 delas atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para o Estudo 2, foi desenvolvido um Programa de Exercícios Generalizados (PEG) durante 4 meses, incluindo atividades de aquecimento, alongamento, dança, musculação e atividades recreativas, com ênfase nos componentes da capacidade funcional (resistência aeróbia, força muscular, coordenação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Gait parameters change with age due to some inherent factors to the aging process such as reduced mobility, balance and functional capacity. The physical exercise is an alternative able to reduce these effects and, consequently, it produces changes in both the gait parameters and the functional capacities, improving mobility and functional independency. The exercise features such as type, frequency and intensity, which can better favor these changes, are not fully defined. Then, the present work was designed in two studies with the following objectives: Study 1) to compare the effects of the different exercise types on gait kinematic parameters of older women considering their anthropometric characteristics, functional capacity and physical activity level; and Study 2) to evaluate the gait parameters of inactive women before and after the enrollment in a multi-mode exercise program also considering their anthropometric characteristics, functional capacity and physical activity level as in Study 1. Fifty-six older women participated in Study 1 and were grouped according to the exercise type enrollment for more than 6 months in dance (n=10), strength training (n=10), hydrogymnastic (n=12), walking (n=11) and a group of inactive women (n=13), without enrollment in physical exercise for at least two months. Thirty-two women, older than 60 years, inactives, from elderly groups were recruited to participate in Study 2. Seventeen women full filled the inclusion criteria. For Study 2, a Generalized Exercise Program (GEP) was developed in 4 months, including warm up activities, dance, strength training, and recreational activities emphasizing the components of the functional capacity (aerobic endurance, strength, coordination, flexibility, and body balance). For both studies, the physical activity level (Baecke questionnaire), the functional capacity (AAHPERD test battery) and the kinematic gait... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The aim of this study was chosen for the field of observation should be hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) for silage purposes from a wider set of hybrid genotypes. To evaluate the vegetation was established as a pilot experiment. Of this group were then selected 14 genotypes, which would satisfy most practical requirements. During the vegetation was monitored by formation of quantitative indicators required for silage maize hybrids. Before harvesting of collection of plants chosen for individual analysis of quantitative indicators, while processing the silage mass in laboratory conditions to evaluate selected quality indicators. When harvesting was imposed on the total yield of green and dry matter, dry matter content and proportion of buds on the plant.

Introdução: A esquizofrenia é um transtorno mental grave e debilitante, que afeta o paciente tanto na sua saúde física como na diminuição de sua capacidade funcional, causando um grande comprometimento ao longo da vida. Apesar de ser possível que o prejuízo em motricidade e prejuízo cognitivo possam representar expressão de um mesmo processo inflamatório sistêmico, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre motricidade e esquizofrenia. Objetivos: Avaliar a capacidade funcional motora em pacientes esquizofrênicos correlacionando com marcadores inflamatórios, gravidade de doença e tratamento medicamentoso. Métodos: Estudo transversal, por amostra de conveniência, aprovado pelo comitê de ética do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Foram recrutados 40 indivíduos com esquizofrenia estabilizada, em tratamento no ambulatório do HCPA. Foi avaliada a capacidade funcional motora através do Teste de Caminhada de 6 Minutos. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% para todas as variáveis e as análises foram realizadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, versão 21.0). Resultados: A amostra foi estratificada por anos de doença através do percentil 25, onde apresentou significância no estado civil apresentando uma maior frequência de solteiros e separados em pacientes com o maior tempo de doença (p=0.022). As médias das variáveis funcionais e clínicas laborais que comparadas com médias populacionais apresentaram significância foram: frequência cardíaca (p=0.004), pressão arterial diastólica e sistólica (p=0.001 e p<0.001), frequência respiratória (p<0.001), Proteína C reativa (p=0.015), borg (p<0.001) e Tc6m em homens e mulheres (p<0.001 e p=0.024). No desempenho funcional e dispneia houve uma correlação com a proteína C reativa (r=-0,369 e r= 0,535). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou a associação entre o prejuízo funcional com marcadores inflamatórios, principalmente com níveis elevados de PCR. Alterações clínicas foram associadas como reações adversas a utilização de antipsicóticos, apesar de não ser possível descartar também mecanismos inflamatórios antecedendo ambas as alterações. O prejuízo na capacidade funcional associado com aumento da PCR sugere um paciente com sinais de deterioração maior. Todos achados deste estudo apresentam uma contribuição para o entendimento do processo psicótico e abrem caminho para novas intervenções terapêuticas. / Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe, debilitating mental disorder that affects both the physical health and the functional capacity of patients, causing great impairment throughout the life course. Although physical and cognitive impairments may represent different expressions of a single systemic inflammatory process, little is known about the relationship between motor function and schizophrenia. Objective: To evaluate physical functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia and ascertain whether it correlates with markers of inflammation, disease severity, and pharmacotherapy. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling strategy. Forty patients with stable schizophrenia, undergoing treatment, were recruited from the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), a tertiary referral center in Southern Brazil. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess physical functional capacity. The significance level was set at 5% for all variables, and all statistical analyses were carried out in SPSS 21.0. The study was approved by the HCPA Research Ethics Committee. Results: The sample was homogeneous and normally distributed. Subjects were stratified by disease duration, which was significantly associated only with marital status (p=0.022). Comparison of mean functional and clinical variables to population averages showed significant differences in heart rate (p=0.004), diastolic (p=0.001) and systolic (p<0.001) blood pressure, respiratory rate (p<0.001), C-reactive protein levels (p=0.015), Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion scores (p<0.001), and 6MWT distances in men (p<0.001) and women (p=0.024). Conclusion: The present study detected an association between functional impairment and markers of inflammation, especially elevated CRP levels, in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical changes were associated with adverse reactions to antipsychotics, although underlying inflammatory mechanisms could not be ruled out. The loss of functional capacity associated with increased CRP suggests a patient with signs of deterioration increased. The findings of this study contribute to current understanding of the psychotic process and may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions.

This paper addresses the self-management processes of change, referring to a series of processes that take place in education centers undergoing change. The perspective from which the approach is proposed is educational management. The evidences integrated into the document are the result of a study conducted in Uruguay, which involved seven primary, secondary, and technical schools. The approach used has been the study of multiple cases with the intention of analyzing the phenomenon in specific contexts, integrating the possibility of studying it from a global perspective. The overall objective was to achieve greater understanding of the self-evaluation and change processes in schools. Within the specific objectives we highlight: to identify the possible links between self-assessment and decision making / Este trabajo aborda los procesos de autogestión del cambio, haciendo alusión a una serie de procesos que se desarrollan en centros educativos en fase de cambio. La perspectiva desde la cual se propone su abordaje es la gestión educativa. Las evidencias integradas al documento, son el resultado de un estudio desarrollado en Uruguay, que involucró a siete centros de educación primaria, media y técnica. El abordaje utilizado ha sido el estudio de casos múltiples con la intención de analizar el fenómeno en contextos específicos, integrando la posibilidad de estudiarlo desde una perspectiva global. El objetivo general fue lograr mayor comprensión sobre los procesos de autoevaluación y cambio en centros educativos. Entre los objetivos específicos destacamos el de identificar posibles vinculaciones entre la autoevaluación y la toma de decisiones

abstract: The rapid advancement of wireless technology has instigated the broad deployment of wireless networks. Different types of networks have been developed, including wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks, wireless local area networks, and cellular networks. These networks have different structures and applications, and require different control algorithms. The focus of this thesis is to design scheduling and power control algorithms in wireless networks, and analyze their performances. In this thesis, we first study the multicast capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. Gupta and Kumar studied the scaling law of the unicast capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. They derived the order of the unicast throughput, as the number of nodes in the network goes to infinity. In our work, we characterize the scaling of the multicast capacity of large-scale MANETs under a delay constraint D. We first derive an upper bound on the multicast throughput, and then propose a lower bound on the multicast capacity by proposing a joint coding-scheduling algorithm that achieves a throughput within logarithmic factor of the upper bound. We then study the power control problem in ad-hoc wireless networks. We propose a distributed power control algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler, and prove that the algorithm is throughput optimal. Finally, we consider the scheduling algorithm in collocated wireless networks with flow-level dynamics. Specifically, we study the delay performance of workload-based scheduling algorithm with SRPT as a tie-breaking rule. We demonstrate the superior flow-level delay performance of the proposed algorithm using simulations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2013