Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-03T18:57:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio Roberto Schmitz Júnior.pdf: 554755 bytes, checksum: d02413a9a022bde2d82884c93fde5fb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-03T18:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudio Roberto Schmitz Júnior.pdf: 554755 bytes, checksum: d02413a9a022bde2d82884c93fde5fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho investigou, através de um estudo de eventos no mercado de capitais brasileiro, se o alerta de inadimplência quanto à divulgação de informações, emitido aos investidores pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2012, surtiu reflexos no preço das ações das companhias brasileiras de capital aberto, listadas na BM&FBovespa. Durante esse período, foram analisados 193 eventos, com uma amostra de cinquenta e duas empresas que, durante o espaço de tempo da pesquisa, apresentaram listamento e cotações na Bolsa. Com a amostra extraída e, após a coleta de dados e a constituição das variáveis dummy, foram realizadas regressões, por meio do método least squares - método dos mínimos quadrados. Os resultados empíricos indicaram que as alterações no preço da ação no dia e nos trinta dias após a divulgação do alerta da CVM de inadimplência são insignificantes à amostra. Desta forma, contribuiu-se para a hipótese de que os relatórios de inadimplência divulgados pela CVM não interferem nas decisões do mercado. / This study has investigated, through a study of events in the Brazilian stok market, whether the alert regarding the disclosure of information to investors developed by CVM during the period of January 2008 to July 2012 has had reflections in the price of stokes of Brazilian companies traded listed on the BM & FBovespa. During this period, 193 events were analyzed, with a sample of 52 companies during the period of this study showed a list and quotations from the stok market. With the sample and extracted and after the collection of data and creation of dummy variables, regressions were performed using the least squares method. The empirical results have indicated that the changes in the stock price on the day and within 30 days after the disclosure of the CVM warning of default are insignificant for a sample. Thus, this study contributes to the hypothesis that delinquency reports published by CVM does not interfere in the decisions ofthe market.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romulo Olindo Rigon Coimbra e Silva.pdf: 921908 bytes, checksum: d2e954a39ed1fa1555706e3ef08e501d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-12 / This research had the main purpose to verify whether is possible to capture informational content of changes in dividends preceded by earnings changes with same sign and with opposite sign, in the brazilian capital market, between 2000 through 2006. The research has tried to verify whether the sign and the magnitude of changes in dividends are recognized by the market as an informational content regarding the persistence or not persistence of past earnings changes. Additionally, this study has tried to investigate whether the market use changes in dividends as an informational content concerning future profitability of the company. According to the results, changes in dividends are not interpreted by the brazilian capital market as informational content regarding the persistence or not persistence of past earnings changes. The sign of changes in dividends is not interpreted as an informational content regarding the persistence or not persistence of past earnings changes. The magnitude of changes in dividends is not interpreted as informational content regarding the persistence or not persistence of past earnings changes. Furthermore, the market does not use changes in dividends as information concerning future profitability of the company / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal verificar se é possível capturar conteúdo informacional nas mudanças de dividendos precedidas por mudanças nos lucros de mesmo sinal e de sinal oposto, ocorridas no mercado de capitais brasileiro, entre o período de 2000 e 2006. Buscou-se verificar se o sinal e a magnitude das mudanças de dividendos são reconhecidos pelo mercado como conteúdo informacional acerca da persistência ou da não persistência das mudanças precedentes de lucros. Adicionalmente, buscou-se verificar se o mercado utiliza mudanças de dividendos como conteúdo informacional sobre a lucratividade futura da empresa. Os resultados demonstram que mudanças de dividendos não são interpretadas pelo mercado de capitais brasileiro como conteúdo informacional relacionado à persistência ou à não persistência das mudanças precedentes dos lucros. O sinal das mudanças de dividendos também não é interpretado como conteúdo informacional sobre a persistência ou a não persistência das mudanças precedentes dos lucros. A magnitude das mudanças de dividendos não é reconhecida pelo mercado como conteúdo informacional referente à persistência ou à não persistência das mudanças precedentes de lucros. Além disso, o mercado não utiliza mudanças de dividendos como fonte de informação acerca da lucratividade futura da empresa

Este trabalho avalia a influência da securitização de ativos sobre os indicadores financeiros e o beta das empresas que utilizam esse tipo de operação estruturada, por meio da aplicação de modelos teóricos e testes empíricos que relacionam conceitos de finanças corporativas com elementos da teoria de carteiras. Os resultados indicam que há uma implicação entre o nível de endividamento e os critérios de rating de crédito e que é possível se estimar a força dessa implicação. A amostra desse estudo é composta por empresas que realizaram operações de securitização de recebíveis e também apresentaram ações negociadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo durante o período compreendido entre 2000 a 2005, período em que se encontra a maior concentração do número de empresas que realizaram essas operações estruturadas de securitização. Para verificar a relação entre os indicadores financeiros e o beta de mercado com a securitização de recebíveis foram selecionados, além dos principais indicadores financeiros, o grau de alavancagem financeira, o grau de alavancagem operacional, o grau de alavancagem total, o beta de mercado das ações e o beta alavancado. A hipótese de existência de relações lineares entre essas medidas foi verificada por meio da aplicação de ferramentas matemáticas, testes estatísticos de associação e regressões simples e múltiplas, bem como a relação implicativa estatística fuzzy. Este trabalho também encontrou fortes evidências de que a securitização de ativos implica na melhora do rating de crédito das empresas que a utilizam. / This research analyzes the influence of asset securitization over the financial indicators and the beta of corporations which use this kind of structured operation. This influence is studied through the application of theoretical models and empirical tests which relate corporate finance concepts to portfolio theory elements. The results indicate a relationship between corporate leverage and the credit rating criteria and the possibility to estimate the significance of such relationship. The research sample is composed of corporations which executed operations of receivable securitization and also had their stocks traded at the São Paulo Stock Exchange from years 2000 to 2005. Such sample period contains the largest number of corporate receivable securitization operations. To analyze the relationship between receivable securitization and financial indicators and between receivable securitization and market beta, the following variables were selected: financial leverage, operational leverage, total leverage, equity beta and asset beta. The fuzzy statistical relation and the linear relationship hypothesis between the dependent and independent variables, and between the independent variables themselves was tested through the application of mathematical tools, of statistical tests of association and of simple and multiple regression models. This research also found strong evidences that asset securitization leads to an improvement in credit rating, for the companies which adopt such structured operations.

A carência habitacional é uma marca da sociedade atual, sendo muito evidente no Brasil. Ela está concentrada na faixa de renda mais baixa da população. O confronto entre custo de produção da habitação popular e seu conseqüente preço mínimo e capacidade de pagar deste mercado alvo, isto é, da população de baixa renda, configura a produção de habitação popular como um negócio com baixa atratividade econômica. Assim, tal negócio não desperta interesse da iniciativa privada e o Estado é obrigado a desenvolvê-lo, ainda que sem qualidade econômica. Esta Tese propõe uma forma de incentivo à produção de habitação popular através de relacionamento entre Estado e iniciativa privada, de maneira a tornar tal negócio economicamente atrativo para esta última. Para isto é apresentado um mecanismo que contempla a segmentação do fluxo de recebíveis destes empreendimentos empregando instrumentos disponíveis no mercado de capitais, o que inclui a alteração da forma de pagamento de determinados tributos, visando a conferir atratividade econômica, sob o ponto de vista da iniciativa privada, para a produção desta habitação com preço que se enquadre na capacidade de pagar do mercado alvo. Em última análise, objetiva-se o incremento da produção de habitação popular moldada para a capacidade de pagar de seu mercado, contribuindo para a redução da carência habitacional. O estudo é desenvolvido para a realidade brasileira. No entanto, com as devidas adaptações, ele pode ser aplicado a diversos países, desde que a realidade econômica e social do país se assemelhe à brasileira: elevada carga tributária, escassez de recursos públicos, déficit habitacional. Analogamente, o mecanismo proposto nesta Tese pode ser adaptado para outros tipos de empreendimentos imobiliários de interesse social, que não as habitações populares, no mercado nacional ou internacional. / The scarcity of housing is a blemish of society nowadays affecting large number of people in Brazil. It is concentrated within the lowest income groups. The incompatibility between the costs of producing the low-income housing - and its resultant minimum price and the purchasing power of this market segment, that is low-income people, indicates low-income housing construction as an economically unattractive business. Therefore, the private sector takes no interest in such business and the government assumes the responsibility of developing it even without economic quality. This thesis proposes a way to stimulate low-income housing construction through a relationship between State and private sector by turning this business into an economically attractive one for the private sector. To do so, a mechanism is suggested, which considers the segmentation of these enterprises receivables flow by making use of adequate instruments available in the capital market, including altering the means of paying some government taxes. This mechanism assigns economic attractiveness to low-income housing production from the private sector point of view and at the same time it matches this housing price to its target publics ability to pay. At last the study intends to increase low-income housing production suited to its target publics ability to pay and in this way contribute to reducing the housing scarcity. The research is developed considering Brazilian actuality. However, after some necessary adjustments, it may be applied to different countries, which have economic and social realities similar to Brazilian ones: high tax incidence, lack of government funds, housing deficit. Similarly, the proposed mechanism may be adapted to other kinds of social interest real estate enterprises, besides low-income housing, in Brazil or abroad.

O objetivo da tese foi analisar a influência do rating, provido por agências independentes na formação dos preços de emissão de debêntures. A base de dados contou com 354 séries de debêntures não conversíveis, emitidas por empresas não financeiras, entre janeiro de 2000 e junho de 2010, em mercado primário público. A metodologia baseia-se no modelo fatorial de precificação aplicado a uma estrutura de dados pooled cross-section. Os modelos desenvolvidos ao longo do trabalho apontaram a relevância do rating na explicação do spread de emissão primária de debêntures no Brasil. Isoladamente, no entanto, explica cerca de 10% da variabilidade do spread. O estudo demonstrou serem significativas variáveis de crédito, maturidade, relação entre o volume emitido e o estoque de debêntures do mercado, a evolução do PIB e a alteração futura de rating (direção e a magnitude). Constatou-se também que emissões em percentual do DI tendem a ter menor spread que aquelas remuneradas por inflação mais taxa. Não se pode afirmar que o mercado diferencie, por meio do preço, a origem das agências ou as emissões com mais de um rating. As variáveis idiossincráticas da firma, na forma de índices econômico-financeiros extraídos de demonstrações financeiras publicadas, explicam diferenças de rating. Finalmente, constatou-se a utilidade da variável de escala linear de rating nos modelos de regressão desenvolvidos. / The overall objective of this dissertation was to analyze the influence of the rating provided by independent agencies in the spread of corporate bonds. The database was comprised of 354 series of non-convertible debentures issued by non-financial companies between January 2000 and June 2010 in public primary market. The study approach is based on the pricing factor model applied to a pooled cross-section data structure. The developed models suggested that the rating is significant in explaining the spread of primary issuance of debentures in Brazil. However, the rating explains no more than 10% of the spread variability. The study revealed that other factors were also significant during the analyzed period along with the credit variables: maturity, the ratio between the volume issued and total market outstanding of debentures, GDP growth, and future rating changes. It was also noted that series linked daily floating rates tend to have lower spread than those linked to inflation. When price is taken into account, the market does not seem to differentiate local agencies from international ones, or series with two or more ratings. Financial ratios obtained from financial statements, do explain the differences in rating. Finally, other important findings indicate the usefulness of the rating variable based in linear scale in the regression models developed in this work

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-30T11:56:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Tamura Kawamoto.pdf: 2113445 bytes, checksum: b53bc04369536a3ed39ca13f873c8e7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T11:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Tamura Kawamoto.pdf: 2113445 bytes, checksum: b53bc04369536a3ed39ca13f873c8e7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24 / According to the existing literature, the disclosure of relevant facts to the market represents an important instrument in the evaluation of investors for the formation of the price of securities traded on the stock exchange. However, state-owned enterprises have a peculiarity because they are controlled by the government and, consequently, used for political purposes. The objective of the research is to analyze whether, at the time of the announcement of the appointment of presidents of state-owned companies that perform a relevant function in the activity level of the companies (Petrobrás and Banco do Brasil), there is a statistically significant reaction in the return of the common shares. To measure the result, he used the statistical methodology of event study. After analyzing the appointments individually, it was found inconclusive to say that there is a statistically significant reaction of the financial market to the announcement of the appointments studied in the first term of the governments of the Presidents of the Republic (Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luis Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff, succeeded by Michel Temer) / De acordo com a literatura existente, a divulgação de fatos relevantes ao mercado representa um importante instrumento na avaliação dos investidores para formação do preço dos papéis negociados em bolsa. Porém, as empresas estatais possuem uma peculiaridade por serem controladas pelo governo e, consequentemente, serem utilizadas para fins políticos. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar se, no momento do anúncio da nomeação de presidentes de empresas estatais que exercem função relevante no nível de atividade das empresas (Petrobrás e Banco do Brasil), ocorre reação estatisticamente significativa no retorno das ações ordinárias. Para medir o resultado, utilizou-se a metodologia estatística de estudo de eventos. Após analisar as nomeações individualmente, verificou-se que é inconclusivo dizer que há reação estatisticamente significativa do mercado financeiro ao anúncio das nomeações estudadas no primeiro mandato dos governos dos Presidentes da República (Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff, sucedida por Michel Temer)

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-08-16T18:06:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fab??ola D???Agostini Peleias.pdf: 1095248 bytes, checksum: c2e855673f21c61c746dc10139ca07b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T18:06:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fab??ola D???Agostini Peleias.pdf: 1095248 bytes, checksum: c2e855673f21c61c746dc10139ca07b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / The accounting professional who prepares financial statements, which must be clear and accurate, needs to consider the comprehension degree of the user of financial information. Therefore, they have to enhance the language quality necessary to prepare these statements. In this context, there has been an increase in readability studies and a need to increase the written language of financial information. The aim of this research was to verify the (un) favorable linguistic features in financial statements of companies listed in Brazilian capital market, in Brazilian Portuguese. In this regard, the Textual Linguistics was chosen as a basis theory, because it allows the study of grammatical, semantic and pragmatic features of the Language. Based on the proposed aim, a tool was designed ??? a checklist of (un) favorable linguistic features pointed in financial information literature. Two constructs were considered for this end: cohesion and coherence. The favorable linguistic features categorized in the tool are: pause, ellipsis, simple sentences, sentences up to two lines, connectors and substitution. And the unfavorable are: repetition of words, long sentences, complex sentences, lack of parallelism, lack of pause, confused text, words of more than three syllables and jargon. The financial statements of IBRX50 BOVESPA 2015 social year were researched, and, for each one, the Flesch test was applied. It was observed very little variability in Flesch results. Therefore, three companies with the highest Flesch results and three with the smallest were chosen and analyzed in Atlas TI Software, through the codes. For each code, a(n) (un) favorable feature was categorized and observed in the six selected financial statements. All (un) favorable features were detected in the financial statements, in higher or smaller quantity. However, when comparing these results with the Flesch ones, there was no relationship between them. It was expected that companies with higher Flesch for readability would present more favorable features, and companies with smaller Flesch, more unfavorable. Nonetheless, this was not found in the researched sample. In this sense, it could be said that the Flesch test alone is insufficient for Financial Statements readability. It is necessary to consider other qualitative features. / O profissional cont??bil que atua na prepara????o das demonstra????es financeiras, que devem ser claras, precisa considerar o grau de compreens??o do usu??rio que utiliza a informa????o cont??bil. Por isso, deve buscar melhorar a qualidade da linguagem que utiliza na prepara????o dessas demonstra????es. Nesse cen??rio, tem havido um aumento de estudos da readability e da necessidade de melhora na linguagem escrita das informa????es cont??beis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os mecanismos lingu??sticos (des)favor??veis nas demonstra????es financeiras de empresas listadas no mercado de capitais brasileiro, no idioma portugu??s brasileiro. Para isso, optou-se pela Lingu??stica Textual como teoria de base, pois ela permite estudar as caracter??sticas gramaticais, sem??nticas e pragm??ticas da l??ngua. Ao considerar o objetivo proposto, foi constru??do um instrumento, que ?? um checklist de mecanismos (des)favor??veis apontados na literatura para as demonstra????es financeiras. Para isso, dois constructos foram considerados: coes??o e coer??ncia. No instrumento, os mecanismos lingu??sticos favor??veis categorizados foram: pausa, elipse, estruturas simples, senten??as de at?? duas linhas, uso de conectores e a substitui????o. E os desfavor??veis foram: repeti????o de palavras, frases longas, estruturas complexas, quebra de paralelismo, falta de pausa, confus??o no texto, poliss??labas e jarg??o. Foram pesquisadas as demonstra????es financeiras do exerc??cio de 2015 das empresas do IBRX50 (BOVESPA) e para cada uma, foi aplicada a m??trica de Flesch. Observou-se pouca variabilidade na nota de Flesch nas empresas. Foram ent??o selecionadas tr??s com maior Flesch e tr??s com menor para an??lise no software Atlas TI, por meio dos c??digos. Para cada um, foi elencado um mecanismo (des)favor??vel. Esses mecanismos foram observados nas seis demonstra????es financeiras selecionadas. Todos os mecanismos favor??veis e desfavor??veis do instrumento foram observados nas demonstra????es financeiras, em maior ou menor grau. Contudo, ao comparar esses resultados com as notas de Flesch, n??o se verificou rela????o entre eles. Esperava-se que empresas com maior Flesch para readability apresentariam mais mecanismos favor??veis, e empresas com menor Flesch, mais desfavor??veis. Entretanto, isso n??o ocorreu na amostra pesquisada. Assim, entende-se que a m??trica de Flesch, sozinha, ?? insuficiente para a readability das Demonstra????es, sendo necess??rio observar outros atributos qualitativos.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for approximately 50% of the world's gross domestic product. However, these economic agents suffer from inadequate access to liquid funds to finance their operations. The liquidity gap has led to early bankruptcy and liquidation, stagnant growth and development, and fewer employment opportunities. The problem under study was the effect of funding limitations on SMEs' business operations and growth. The purpose was to examine the impact of multilayered capital systems as alternative funding for SME growth. This study was informed by Gilbrat's law and the theory of financial exclusion. The research questions addressed the use of a multilayered capital market as a substitute for the conventional methods of funding for SMEs. A survey instrument was used to collect data using a stratified random sample of 54 small-scale business owners and finance professionals. These participants were identified from U.S. Census Bureau data between 2009 and 2014 across the information technology, service, and manufacturing sectors. Multiple regressions and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The results showed that age, credit score, average turnover, and total assets have significant impacts on obtaining funding, especially total assets. Moreover, results showed that growth rates correlated with funding from multilayered capital systems. This study contributes positively to social change by highlighting alternative means of funding SMEs, leading to reduced dependency on government, less crime through gainful employment, and improved corporate social responsibility due to better interactions among community members

This thesis examines the relationship between the aftermarket performance of Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs) and corporate governance for firms that listed during the years 1999 to 2001. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the significance of corporate governance variables as explanations of IPOs aftermarket performance. By doing so, a set of hypotheses dealing with the relationships between IPO aftermarket performance and three categories of independent variables: corporate governance variables; issue variables; and control variables, were examined. The descriptive analysis indicates that IPOs in China continue to provide significant short-term returns to investors, although the level of underpricing has declined from that found in earlier studies. This finding suggests a growing level of maturity and sophistication in the Chinese IPO market. The analysis of long-term performance indicates negative returns to investors which is consistent with international evidence but challenges the bulk of prior Chinese studies. It is found that there is no significant relationship between corporate governance variables and IPO returns in the short-term with the exception of board composition, while IPO underpricing is primarily explained by the imbalance between supply and demand and the inefficient capital market in China. The significance of board composition can be explained by the launch of the new corporate governance code on board structures in 2001. Overall the empirical evidence shows that the Information Asymmetry Hypothesis is an appropriate explanation of the underpricing of Chinese IPOs. In the long-term, it is found that corporate governance variables do have explanatory power for the market performance of Chinese IPOs, in particular state ownership and the separation of Chairman and CEO, supporting the notion that corporate governance appears to be important to IPO investors in the long-term. It also confirms the view that investors are willing to pay a premium for the shares of what they consider to be well-governed firms in the long-term. Besides corporate governance variables, both issue variables and control variables are also found to have explanatory power in IPO aftermarket performance. In particular firm size, IPO offer price, IPO lottery rate and industry are significantly related to IPO short-term performance in China, while growth in earning per share, firm size and industry are related to the long-term market performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the location of buying stocks in a Nordic cross-listed company matters in terms of 1) earning abnormal returns, or 2) gaining in optimizing the amount spent by buying the specific stock cheap. Nowadays, markets are becoming more integrated and if we believe in the efficient market hypothesis, prices of the same class of stocks paying the same dividend annually, of an MNC must be the same irrespective of the stock exchange it is listed upon. Though efficient market hypothesis exists in theory, market imperfection is a reality. All the Nordic (Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic) firms listed on foreign stock exchanges in addition to their home market have been included in the sample. In fact, this sample represents 100% of the population. The daily prices of cross-listed stocks have been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn based on the mean returns and mean prices along with Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test statistics. The data have been analyzed over the last ten years capturing the recent economic cycle. The whole period has also been divided into three sub-periods to establish comparisons with the whole period. This paper reports that even though returns on cross-listed stocks are statistically same over all periods, prices of the stocks vary according to the location of listing. That is, investors can buy from a stock exchange where the specific stock is underpriced thereby decreasing the amount invested in absolute term and optimizing the amount spent if not the return. The returns and prices have analyzed using the local currency of the MNC’s country of origin and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). No considerable differences on the returns or pattern of price movements have been observed while using two currencies.