Le propos de la présente recherche est de comprendre le développement du procès de construction et d’implantation d’un curriculum modulaire pour le Cours d’Odontologie, basé sur les Directives Curriculaires Nationales, dans une université communautaire au Sud du Brésil. Au coeur de cette thématique, on a apporté la perspective des étudiants du cours, des enseignants et de l’équipe directive de l’Université. La méthodologie qualitative a utilisé une Étude de Cas, dont le champ de recherche a été les témoignages de participants de la réforme curriculaire dans le Cours de graduation en Odontologie de l’Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC – Université du Plateau de Santa Catarina), à Lages – SC. La collecte de données a été réalisée au moyen d’entrevues, tout au long de neuf mois, où ont participé les étudiants d’Odontologie (curriculum modulaire), les professeurs, à différents champs de travail et l’équipe directive de l’Université (le Coordinateur de cours, le Chef de Département et le Prorecteur pour l’enseignement). Outre les entrevues, la collecte de données a inclus l’analyse documentaire et l’observation (registres en journal de champ). Les données ont été analysées au moyen de l’Analyse Textuelle Discursive, proposée par Moraes et Galiazzi (2007). Les résultats sont réunis dans les catégories suivantes : 1) Le procès de réforme curriculaire : la proposition de changement possible dans la formation; 2) Les tensions du procès : la différence entre la théorie pensée et la réalité perçue (l’intégration : condition essentielle au curriculum modulaire/ L’organisation ou la manque d’organisation / chirurgiens-dentistes enseignants ou enseignants chirurgiens-dentistes : l’(in)capacité des enseignants du cours d’odontologie ; Évaluations, apprentissages et curriculum : difficultés d’intégration/ La coordination du cours d’odontologie : où est-elle ? Le nouveau émergent : le défi du changement) ; 3) La démarche du procès et ses avances; 4) L’expérience du curriculum intégré : un procès continu d’apprentissage et de dépassement ; 5) Le cours d’odontologie de l’UNIPLAC : qu’est-ce que nous voyons pour l’avenir ? On a été observé un long et complexe procès d’élaboration de la nouvelle structure curriculaire, notamment pour ce qui a concerné la participation et la motivation d’enseignants dans le collégial du cours d’Odontologie. Il y a eu des difficultés dans la compréhension du propos par les enseignants et par les étudiants. Quand même, la méthode proposée a été bien reçue et évaluée par les étudiants dans les différents semestres du cours. Les noeuds de plus grande densité du procès de changement curriculaire incluent : – la manque d’intégralité, d’organisation et de communication à l’intérieur des modules et entre les modules ; – l’ignorance, de la part des enseignants, du propos curriculaire ; – la forme d’engagement des enseignants dans l’institution ; – la difficulté dans le processus d’évaluation des étudiants ; – l’incapacité du coordinateur du cours ; – la manque de qualifications pour le collégial du cours d’Odontologie (avant et après l’implantation du nouveau curriculum). Il est nécessaire une reprise responsable dans la conduction du procès de réforme curriculaire et une gestion plus partagée et collective à l’Université. / O propósito da presente pesquisa foi compreender o desenvolvimento do processo de construção e implantação de um currículo modular para o Curso de Odontologia, baseado nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, em uma universidade comunitária no Sul do Brasil. Dentro desta temática, foi apresentada a perspectiva dos estudantes do curso, dos professores e da equipe diretiva da Universidade. A metodologia qualitativa utilizou um Estudo de Caso, cujo campo de investigação foram os depoimentos de participantes da reforma curricular no curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), em Lages - SC. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas, ao longo de nove meses, em que participaram os discentes de Odontologia (currículo modular), os docentes, em diferentes áreas de atuação e a equipe diretiva da Universidade (Coordenador de curso, o Chefe de Departamento e o Pró-Reitor de Ensino). Além das entrevistas, a coleta de dados incluiu a análise documental e a observação (registros em diário de campo). Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). Os resultados estão reunidos nas seguintes categorias: 1) O processo de reforma curricular: a proposta possível de mudança na formação; 2) As tensões do processo: a diferença entre a teoria pensada e a realidade percebida (A integração: condição essencial no currículo modular / A organização ou a falta dela /Cirurgiões-dentistas professores ou professores cirurgiõesdentistas: o (des) preparo dos professores do curso de odontologia; Avaliações, aprendizagens e currículo: dificuldades de integração / A coordenação do curso de odontologia: onde está? O novo emergente: o desafio da mudança); 3) O caminhar do processo e seus avanços; 4) A vivência do currículo integrado: um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e superação; 5) O curso de odontologia da UNIPLAC: o que vemos para o futuro? Foi observado um longo e complexo processo de elaboração da nova estrutura curricular, especialmente no que se referiu à participação e motivação de professores no colegiado do curso de Odontologia. Houve dificuldades no entendimento da proposta por professores e estudantes. Ainda assim, o método proposto foi bem recebido e avaliado pelos estudantes nos diferentes semestres do curso. Os nós de maior densidade do processo de mudança curricular incluem: - falta de integralidade, organização e comunicação dentro dos módulos e entre os módulos; - desconhecimento, por parte dos professores, da proposta curricular; - forma de contratação dos professores na instituição; - dificuldade no processo de avaliação dos estudantes; - despreparo do coordenador do curso; - falta de capacitações para o colegiado do curso de Odontologia (antes e após a implantação do novo currículo). Há necessidade da retomada responsável na condução do processo de reforma curricular e de uma gestão mais partilhada e coletiva na Universidade. / The aim of the present study was to comprehend the ongoing process of construction and implantation of an integrated curriculum for graduation in dental education, according to the National Curricular Guidelines, in a community university in the south of Brazil. In this sense, it was evaluated the expectations of the engaged students, professors, and the management group of the university. It was employed a qualitative methodology of case study based on the testimonies of the subjects moved ahead on the curricular reform for the graduation degree in Odontology of the Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC) in Lages, State of Santa Catarina. Data were gathered along 9 months by direct interviews to all the selected participants belonging to the groups of undergraduate students (from the new integrated curriculum), assistant and full professors (from different professional working areas), and members of the directive group in different hierarchical positions. Besides this approach, research data included documental analysis and notes in regard to direct in loco observations. The writing discursive analysis technique was employed as proposed by Moraes and Galiazzi (2007). Results were grouped in the following categories: 1) The curricular reform process: one possible proposal for changing graduation standards; 2) Process-related stress: differences between the imagined theory and the perceived truth (Integration: the crucial condition for an integrated curriculum/ Organization or lack of organization/ Dentists as professors or professors that are also dentists: teaching (non-)capacities of the professors of Odontology; Exams, lessons and curriculum: difficulties for the integration/ Where is the Odontology course coordination group? The new and emergent fact: the challenger changing); 3) The development of the process and its forward steps; 4) The ongoing experience of an integrated curriculum: a continuous process of learning and overcoming; 5) The graduation in Odontology at UNIPLAC: what can be foreseen? There was a long and complex process for the elaboration of the new curricular structure, mainly due to the motivation and participation of the professors engaged in the Odontology course. For them and the students, it was not an easy way to realize the rationale of the new curricular proposal. Even though, students from different graduation years felt themselves well adapted to the integrated curriculum and high rated their experience with the new curriculum when asked to. Main limitations that were noted included: - lack of integration, organization and dialogue within and among the modular themes; - professors’ lack of knowledge of the new integrated curriculum proposal; - how is the Univeristy policy for the professor application and selection procedure; - difficulties when evaluating students’ performance; - lack of pedagogical expertise for the course coordinator position; and, - lack of adequate training for the Odontology docent staff prior to and after the beginning of the new integrated curriculum. There is a clear need for redirecting this process of curricular reform aiming a more reliable and consistent way as well as a more participative and collective administration of the UNIPLAC. / El propósito de la presente investigación fue entender el desarrollo del proceso de construcción e implantación de un currículo modular para el Curso de Odontología, basado en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales, en una universidad comunitaria del Sur de Brasil. En este tema se presenta la perspectiva de los estudiantes del curso, profesores y equipo directivo de la universidad. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa de Estudio de Caso, cuyo campo de investigación fue las declaraciones de participantes de la reforma curricular en el curso de graduación en Odontología de la Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), en la ciudad de Lages –Estado de Santa Catarina. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas a lo largo de nueve meses en las que participaron los discentes de Odontología (currículo modular), los docentes de diferentes áreas de actuación y el equipo directivo de la universidad (el coordinador del curso, el jefe de Departamento y el pro-rector de Enseñanza). Además de las entrevistas, la recolección de datos incluyó el análisis documental y la observación (registros en diario de campo). Se analizaron los datos por medio del Análisis Textual Discursivo, propuesto por Moraes y Galiazzi (2007). Los resultados están reunidos en las siguientes categorías: 1) El proceso de reforma curricular: la propuesta posible de cambio en la formación; 2) Las tensiones del proceso: la diferencia entre la teoría pensada y la realidad percibida (La integración: condición esencial en el currículo modular / La organización o su falta / Cirujanos dentistas profesores o profesores cirujanos dentistas: la (im)pericia de los profesores del curso de Odontología / Evaluaciones, aprendizajes y currículo: dificultades de integración / La coordinación del curso de Odontología: ¿dónde está? / El nuevo emergente: el desafío del cambio); 3) El caminar del proceso y sus avances; 4) La vivencia del currículo integrado: un proceso continuo de aprendizaje y superación; 5) El curso de Odontología de la UNIPLAC: ¿qué vemos hacia el futuro? Se observó un largo y complejo proceso de elaboración de la nueva estructura curricular, especialmente en lo que se refirió a la participación y motivación de profesores en el colegiado del curso de Odontología. Profesores y estudiantes tuvieron dificultades en la comprensión de la propuesta, no obstante el método propuesto fue bien recibido y evaluado por los estudiantes de los distintos semestres del curso. Los nodos de mayor densidad del proceso de cambio curricular incluyen: falta de integralidad, organización y comunicación dentro de los módulos y entre estos; desconocimiento por parte de los profesores de la propuesta curricular; forma de contratación de los profesores en la institución; dificultad en el proceso de evaluación de los estudiantes; ineptitud del coordinador del curso; falta de capacitaciones para el colegiado del curso de Odontología (antes y después de la implantación del nuevo currículo). Hay la necesidad de la toma responsable en la conducción del proceso de reforma curricular y de una gestión más compartida y colectiva en la universidad.

The diploma thesis deals with the impact of dementia syndrome in clients of social field service on workers in direct care. The thesis connects two theoretical levels, which are closely related to the topic. This is primarily the level of the disease itself with dementia syndrome and the circumstances associated with caring for a sick person. The second level deals with the topic of managing a team of workers in direct care, with a focus on field social services. The research in the sequential variant made it possible to emphasize the moments that are specific in the care of clients with dementia syndrome in the home environment. The intention was to name the stress moments that come with working with a given target group in the home environment. At the core of the pressures mentioned by the respondents, the stress resulting from the unpredictability of the situation was found as a common denominator. It is unpredictability, given the client's illness, in the conditions of the home environment, in which the client is used to making his own decisions, despite the worsened cognition. At the next level is the stress resulting from unclear responsibility for the content of the service. The employee must be able to flexibly move from a role that is more managerial to a role where the service is managed...

Many child and youth care organisations in South Africa struggle to implement adequate supervision structures for their child and youth care workers. If supervisors in this field had adequate knowledge and skills, they could enable child and youth care workers to grow and develop competently and provide more professional services to troubled young people in South Africa, This qualitative research sought to identify what knowledge and skills supervisors need in child and youth care settings in South Africa to provide effective supervision to workers. This research confirmed that there are specific skills and knowledge required by supervisors in child and youth care settings in South Africa and while there is an awareness of these in some settings, they are not being fully utilised in organised supervision structures. / Social Work / M.Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

Many young persons live under difficult circumstances. Factors including HIV/AIDS pandemic, exacerbate the need to place young persons into alternative placements. The new and the unknown can be frightening but carrying a faithful transitional object establishes therapeutic bridge between the old and known and the new and unknown. This study sought to explore South African child and youth care workers' awareness of young persons' objects of significance in residential care settings. The rational was that with greater awareness, important objects may become a more useful option for the promotion of young persons' well-being. The research confirmed that South African child and youth care workers are aware of the existence and importance of significant objects. It further revealed that young persons possess different objects of significance to which workers need to pay careful attention. / Research Institute for Theology and Religion / M.Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / VIGS is 'n gesondheidsprobleem wat 'n impak uitoefen op alle gebiede in die samelewing. Voorkoming is die enigste vorm van bekamping. As gevolg hiervan, word VIGS-voorkoming binne die funksies van primere gesondheidsorg geplaas. Die persoon wat die funksies van primere gesondheidsorg uitoefen, is die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker. Binne hierdie raamwerk is die terme primere gesondheidsorg, gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker en VIGS bespreek en die onderlinge interaksie is aangetoon. Die opleiding wat die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker op VIGS-gebied ondergaan, is meegemaak. Die prioriteite wat op nasionale, provinsiale en plaaslike vlak bestaan is deur middel van onderhoude nagevors. Die effektiwiteit van die VIGS-voorkomingsboodskap soos oorgedra deur die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker is tydens 'n inligtingsessie van hoerskoolleerlinge bepaal. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is in elk van bogenoemde gevalle gemaak. VIGS-voorkomingsinisiatiewe is nog in die kinderskoene in Suid-Afrika, maar het 'n belangrike rol te speel. / AIDS is a health problem that impacts on all societal spheres. Prevention is the only form of combat. Therefore, AIDS prevention falls within the functions of primary health care. The person performing these functions is the community health worker. Within this framework the terms primary health care, community health worker and AIDS were discussed and their interrelatedness illustrated. A session during which community health workers received training in aspects of AIDS was attended. Priorities existing at national, provincial and local levels were researched through interviews. The effectiveness of the community health worker in spreading the AIDS prevention message was determined during an information session for secondary school pupils. Conclusions and recommendations were made in each of these cases. AIDS prevention initiatives are still in its infancy in South Africa, but has an important role to play. / Health Studies / M.A. (Ontwikkelingsadministrasie)

Many young persons live under difficult circumstances. Factors including HIV/AIDS pandemic, exacerbate the need to place young persons into alternative placements. The new and the unknown can be frightening but carrying a faithful transitional object establishes therapeutic bridge between the old and known and the new and unknown. This study sought to explore South African child and youth care workers' awareness of young persons' objects of significance in residential care settings. The rational was that with greater awareness, important objects may become a more useful option for the promotion of young persons' well-being. The research confirmed that South African child and youth care workers are aware of the existence and importance of significant objects. It further revealed that young persons possess different objects of significance to which workers need to pay careful attention. / Research Institute for Theology and Religion / M.Tech. (Child and Youth Care)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / VIGS is 'n gesondheidsprobleem wat 'n impak uitoefen op alle gebiede in die samelewing. Voorkoming is die enigste vorm van bekamping. As gevolg hiervan, word VIGS-voorkoming binne die funksies van primere gesondheidsorg geplaas. Die persoon wat die funksies van primere gesondheidsorg uitoefen, is die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker. Binne hierdie raamwerk is die terme primere gesondheidsorg, gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker en VIGS bespreek en die onderlinge interaksie is aangetoon. Die opleiding wat die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker op VIGS-gebied ondergaan, is meegemaak. Die prioriteite wat op nasionale, provinsiale en plaaslike vlak bestaan is deur middel van onderhoude nagevors. Die effektiwiteit van die VIGS-voorkomingsboodskap soos oorgedra deur die gemeenskapsgesondheidswerker is tydens 'n inligtingsessie van hoerskoolleerlinge bepaal. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is in elk van bogenoemde gevalle gemaak. VIGS-voorkomingsinisiatiewe is nog in die kinderskoene in Suid-Afrika, maar het 'n belangrike rol te speel. / AIDS is a health problem that impacts on all societal spheres. Prevention is the only form of combat. Therefore, AIDS prevention falls within the functions of primary health care. The person performing these functions is the community health worker. Within this framework the terms primary health care, community health worker and AIDS were discussed and their interrelatedness illustrated. A session during which community health workers received training in aspects of AIDS was attended. Priorities existing at national, provincial and local levels were researched through interviews. The effectiveness of the community health worker in spreading the AIDS prevention message was determined during an information session for secondary school pupils. Conclusions and recommendations were made in each of these cases. AIDS prevention initiatives are still in its infancy in South Africa, but has an important role to play. / Health Studies / M.A. (Ontwikkelingsadministrasie)

Text in Afrikaans / Children in children’s homes often make use of specific behaviour - defined as contact boundary disturbances in Gestalt theory - as a result of their intense emotional needs, but also to protect themselves or to be assertive in their current environment. This qualitative, applied study aimed to determine and describe the way the child care workers of a rural child and youth care centre manage and experience the contact boundary disturbances of children in the children’s home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child care workers. In conducting the study, the researcher found that the child care workers had inadequate knowledge and insight regarding contact boundary disturbances and how to handle it. It was concluded that the management of children’s homes must ensure that training and support are provided to child care workers so that their needs are addressed in order to prevent burnout. Recommendations that will be valuable with respect to the handling skills and emotional experiences of child care workers were made. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in Afrikaans / Children in children’s homes often make use of specific behaviour - defined as contact boundary disturbances in Gestalt theory - as a result of their intense emotional needs, but also to protect themselves or to be assertive in their current environment. This qualitative, applied study aimed to determine and describe the way the child care workers of a rural child and youth care centre manage and experience the contact boundary disturbances of children in the children’s home. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child care workers. In conducting the study, the researcher found that the child care workers had inadequate knowledge and insight regarding contact boundary disturbances and how to handle it. It was concluded that the management of children’s homes must ensure that training and support are provided to child care workers so that their needs are addressed in order to prevent burnout. Recommendations that will be valuable with respect to the handling skills and emotional experiences of child care workers were made. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in English / Orphans and vulnerable children are increasingly forming a larger portion of the South African population. The escalating number of these children in communities is caused mainly by the loss of parents to HIV/AIDS. This poses a huge challenge for the government and organisations rendering social welfare services to these orphans and vulnerable children. This qualitative study sought to explore and describe the nature of collaboration between social workers and child and youth workers in rendering services to orphans and vulnerable children in the Free State province. The non-probability sampling technique of purposive sampling guided the data collection process using in-depth one on one semi structured interviews as a data collection method. Finally the data was analysed by means of Creswell’s data analysis spiral followed by the principles of Guba for data verification. The ethical considerations adhered to throughout this study were informed consent, right to privacy, avoidance of deception, debriefing of participants, management of information. The rationale was that overlapping boundaries exist when the two professions work together in addressing the needs of orphans and vulnerable children. The findings of the research confirmed that there are no clear guidelines on the collaboration of social workers and child and youth care workers, although personal efforts are made for a healthy working relationship. Recommendations were made in relation to the findings. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Work)