The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the Type A behavior pattern to Holland's occupational types and the career choice process. The Type A behavior pattern is characterized by high levels of achievement striving, time urgency, chronic activation and hostility, and is an independent risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. It was hypothesized that Type A college students would be more attracted than Type B individuals to aspects of a future work environment which would reinforce their Type A behaviors. Previous research had suggested a relationship between the Type A behavior pattern and Holland's Enterprising and Investigative types (Martin, 1986). This study sought to replicate those findings, and further examine the nature of the Type A/B-Holland types relationship. Data were collected from undergraduate students in a variety of academic fields of study. Subjects completed a questionnaire packet consisting of the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (Jenkins, Rosenman, and Zyzanski, 1965; Glass, 1977), the Vocational Preference Inventory (Holland, 1985b), and a modified version of the Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire (Rosen, et al., 1972) . The findings demonstrated that the Type A/B pattern is a significant factor in the career choice process. Type A's and Type B's had different levels of attraction to several aspects of a work environment in anticipating a career choice. The study also revealed that Type A/B pattern and the Holland types play separate roles in the career choice process. Implications of the study and future research directions are discussed.

Career choice in education and the acquired/achieved level of education are factors that influence social status of men and women. Despite the fact that women, on average, currently achieve a higher level of education than men, women's marketplace status and their height of salary often do not correspond to it. One of the reasons is a low proportion of women in mathematics-related subjects. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of gender stereotypes and identification with mathematics in career choice. In the theoretical part of this thesis, I introduce the basic terms related to gender and gender stereotypes, the role gender plays in institutions and the potential causes of gender differences in the performance in mathematics. In the empirical part, I analyse data from a questionnaire study investigating career choice, level of identification with mathematics, attitudes to courses in the curriculum and the level of gender stereotypes in Czech adolescents. The results suggest few differences between girls and boys in these areas. However, the level of identification with mathematics and the level of gender stereotypes in the career area are related to the educational career choice.

This mixed method study explored the perceptions of African Caribbeans towards choosing careers as counselling psychologists. 131 (N = 131) African Caribbeans aged 16-55 contributed to this study. Firstly, an online and paper survey questionnaire was designed and administered to (N =121) participants. This comprised of (N = 41) parents; (N = 41) undergraduate psychology students and (N = 39) 16-18 year olds. An ANOVA Test indicated a significant effect between participatory groups. Semi structured interviews were carried out to explore these identified differences. 4 parents; 4 16-18 year olds; and 2 undergraduate psychology students were interviewed. Qualitative data was analysed using Braun & Clarke (2006) thematic analysis. Themes identified as significant across all groups were centred around participants’ perception of psychology; interest or otherwise in studying psychology and choosing it as a career option; knowledge about counselling psychology and choosing it as a career; the participants’ experiences of school; the attraction of particular careers such as sports and music for 16-18 year olds when compared to counselling psychology; the importance of support; attitudes towards mental health and the importance of having role models from the community that are counselling psychologists. Recommendations for the Division of Counselling Psychology, BPS, training and future research are outlined.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Questionário Multidimensional para Imagem Social do Enfermeiro (QMISE) a fim de estudar a imagem da profissão segundo a visão de estudantes do ensino médio. O questionário foi submetido a validação de conteúdo, validação aparente, análise semântica e foi aplicado em uma amostra de 269 estudantes dos 5 sub-setores do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A taxa de alunos faltosos associada a taxa de alunos que recusaram-se a participar do estudo não permite que a amostra possa ser utilizada como inferência para a população. A amostra foi composta de 62,1% de mulheres, com uma média etária de 16,6 anos. A proporção de mulheres que almejam cursos universitários foi maior que a proporção de homens e o fator mais importante de escolha para as profissões foi salários altos, no entanto, percebe-se um desconhecimento geral sobre as carreiras desejadas. A maioria dos pais tem no máximo o primeiro grau completo e menos de 30% das mães estão fora do mercado de trabalho. A Enfermagem obteve um bom posicionamento (6ºlugar) no ranking de status social entre 15 profissões. Em relação à percepção salarial, a Enfermagem variou para a 8ª posição geral. As profissões de conotação social masculina obtiveram melhores posições tanto no ranking salarial como de status, se comparadas com as profissões de conotação social feminina. A maioria dos estudantes classificou positivamente contatos anteriores com o profissional de Enfermagem. Houve uma tendência a neutralidade em relação à aceitação de estereótipos de gênero para as carreiras, entretanto Engenharia, Psicologia e Nutrição receberam classificação dentro de estereótipos de gênero da maioria dos estudantes da amostra. Não foi detectada a presença dos estereótipos \"enfermeira como símbolo sexual\" nem do \"enfermeiro afeminado\", contudo os estereótipos \"Enfermagem como profissão feminina\" e \"submissão\" foram encontrados. A maioria dos estudantes relatou desconhecer a diferença entre os profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem e houve uma confusão entre os papéis do Enfermeiro e Auxiliar de Enfermagem. Mais de 70% da amostra referiu não ter interesse na escolha da Enfermagem como carreira. A maioria dos estudantes manifesta a valorização do cuidado mostrando coerência com o bom posicionamento da Enfermagem no ranking de status social, entretanto o fator autonomia não obteve consenso entre os estudantes e a maioria classificou o médico como o coordenador do trabalho. As características integrantes do cuidado humanizado foram classificadas como importantes, porém com uma avaliação feminina, podendo sugerir uma interpretação de um \"fazer menor\". O índice de desinteresse pela profissão não obteve diferenças entre homens e mulheres, o que pode sugerir uma futura crise também para o recrutamento feminino caso estes dados fossem confirmados na população. Considerando-se a atual crise de recrutamento e retenção de Enfermeiros enfrentada por países como Canadá e Estados Unidos da América parece emergencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias de esclarecimento dos estudantes a fim de atrair talentos para a Enfermagem em ambos os gêneros. / This study aimed to develop a Multidimensional Questionnaire for Social Image of Nurse (QMISE) to study the profession image according to high school students. The Questionnaire was submitted to content validation, apparent validation and semantic analysis. It was also applied in a sample of 269 high school students from Ribeirao Preto / SP city, Brazil. The rate of students that wasn\'t in class associated with the rate of students who refused to participate in the study does not allow the sample be an inference to the population. The sample was composed of 62.1% women, with an mean age of 16,6 years. The proportion women who desire faculty courses was higher than the proportion of men and high salaries was the most important factor for choose the career, however, there is lack of information about the desired careers. Most parents didn\'t even begin the high school program and less than 30% of the mothers are unemployed or work at home. Most students said do not suffered influence of parent\'s career but the parents give them advices about the professional future. Nursing got a good position (6 th place) in the ranking of social status among 15 different professions. But for the salaries perception Nursing varies to the 8th position. The professions with social suggestion as males profession obtained better ranking positions in both (status and salaries), if compared to the female\'s. Most students evaluate positively previous contacts with the nursing professionals. There was a tendency to neutrality for acceptance careers gender stereotypes, however Engineering, Psychology and Nutrition received evaluation with gender stereotypes of the majority of students in the sample. It was not detected the presence of stereotypes \"nurse as a sexual symbol\" or the \"effeminate nurse\", however the stereotypes \"nursing as a female profession\" and \"submission\" was detected. Most students reported ignoring the difference between the professional team of Nursing and there was doubt between the roles of Nurse and Nurse Helper. Over 70% reported not having interest in choice nursing as a career. Most students expressed the value of care, however the autonomy factor received no consensus among students and the majority described doctors as the coordinator. Apparently there is a meaning of care as important, but a care whose autonomy is not yet consensus and coordinated by the medical team. Furthermore, the characteristics of humanized care were classified as important, but as women characteristics and it may suggest an interpretation of \"less important\". The rate of disinterest by the nursing career received no differences between men and women, which may suggest a future crisis also to recruit women if these data are confirmed in the population. Considering the current crisis in recruitment and retention of nurses and nursing students faced by countries such as Canada and the United States nowadays, seems emergently the development strategies for improve nursing image in order to attract talents for Nursing in both genders.

Este estudo objetiva avaliar um procedimento de intervenção desenvolvido com adolescentes, em processo de Orientação Profissional, em função das variáveis: (1) informação profissional, (2) maturidade para a escolha da carreira e (3) comunicação e aprendizagem no grupo. Participaram do estudo, 28 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, provenientes de escolas de Ensino Médio e cursos pré-vestibulares, públicos e/ ou privados, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, em atendimento no Serviço de Orientação Profissional da FFCLRP/USP. Para fins da intervenção e da obtenção dos dados, os jovens foram distribuídos em dois grupos, conforme maturidade para a escolha da carreira avaliada abaixo da média (Grupo A, n= 17) e acima da média (Grupo B, n= 11). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: (1) Questionário de Informação Profissional (QIP): O que os adolescentes sabem sobre profissões e carreiras?; (2) Escala de Maturidade para a Escolha Profissional (EMEP), de Neiva e os (3) registros das sessões em grupo operativo. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos que fundamentam o procedimento de intervenção e subsidiam a análise dos dados são: (1) a estratégia clínica de Bohoslavsky, (2) a abordagem de grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière e (3) a Teoria Desenvolvimentista da escolha de carreira de Super. Os dados obtidos por meio do QIP (perguntas fechadas) foram tratados e analisados pela estatística descritiva. Comparações pré e pós-intervenção foram realizadas, por meio do Teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon e o Teste do X² de McNemar. Outra comparação foi realizada entre as respostas dos participantes do sexo feminino e do masculino, utilizado o Teste exato de Fisher e o Teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. As respostas registradas nas perguntas abertas e nos comentários foram analisadas segundo Bardin. Os dados obtidos por meio da Escala de Maturidade para Escolha Profissional (EMEP) foram analisados quantitativamente por meio do Teste de Wilcoxon. E a análise qualitativa do processo grupal foi realizada a partir da síntese dos registros dos grupos operativos, focalizando os vetores de avaliação do Cone Invertido: comunicação e aprendizagem. Os resultados mostram que os participantes não estão bem informados e, que a informação profissional pode ajudá-los na tomada de decisão vocacional. A internet é o recurso mais utilizado pelos adolescentes para a comunicação entre os colegas. As moças, no início do grupo de orientação, buscam mais informações profissionais nos guias e nos livros do que os rapazes. Elas, também, utilizam mais a internet para as pesquisas escolares, enquanto que os rapazes a utilizam mais para jogar. Nos resultados da EMEP, o grupo apresentou diferença significativa com valores superiores na segunda nas sub-escalas: Determinação, Autoconhecimento e Maturidade Total. Ao final do processo de Orientação Profissional em grupo foi observado que os adolescentes estavam buscando mais informações profissionais, e que o grupo favoreceu a comunicação e a aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento da maturidade para a escolha de carreira. / This study aims at evaluating an intervention an intervention procedure done with adolescents, in Professional Guidance, according to the following variables: (1) professional information, (2) maturity to choose a career, and (3) group communication and group learning. The subjects were 28 adolescents, of both sexes, coming from public and private high schools and university preparation courses, aged between 15 and 19 who were attended at the Vocational Guidance Service at the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP/ USP). The participants were divided into two groups according to maturity: below average (group A, n=17) and above average (group B, n=11). The instruments used to gather the data were: (1) Questionnaire about Professional Information (QIP): What adolescents know about jobs and occupations?; (2) Maturity for Career Choice Scale (MCCS); (3) recordings of group sessions. The theoretical-methodological frame works that underpinned the intervention procedure and its analysis were: (1) Bohoslavskys clinical strategy, (2) Pichon-Rivières Operative Group approach and (3) Supers Development Theory for career choice. The data gathered by means of the QIP (closed questions) were treated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Comparisons before and after interventions were done by means of the Wilcoxons non-parametric Test and McNemars X² Test. Another comparison was done between the answers of the male and female participants by means of the Fishers Exact Test and Mann-Whitneys non-parametric Test. The open answers were analyzed by Bardin. The data gathered by means of the MCCS were analyzed quantitatively by means of Wilcoxons Test. And the analysis of the group procedures was done as based on the synthesis of the group recordings, focusing the evaluation vectors of the Inverted Cone: communication and the learning process. The results showed that the participants were not well informed about career choice and that career information could help them to make a career decision. And the internet is the resource more frequently used by adolescents to communicate with pals. At the beginning of the guiding process, the girls looked for career information in books and guides more than the boys did. The girls also went on the internet to do research and schools take, whereas the boys used it to play. The results from MCCS showed a significant difference for the second application, the values being higher than the first for the following sub-scales: Determination, Self-knowledge and Total Maturity. At the end of the Vocational guiding procedure, the group showed to be looking for more career information than at the beginning and favored communication and learning to mature and to choose a career.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Raimundo dos Santos Silva Junior.pdf: 947504 bytes, checksum: 1454bf39544d423cc5230bfebd3e6372 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is titled "The Professional Choice of poor of the city of Manaus: a study of meanings and senses" and the interest in this topic came from socioeconomic and educational context experienced by young people in the Amazon capital city marked by social inequality among their distinct social strata. It is this social context that the poor youth realize their occupational choices, mostly without the aid of a working toward this process. The study aimed to understand the meanings about their career choice, made of partial college scholarships (50%) of the University Exchange Program, developed by the city of Manaus. For this, we carried out a field survey, guided by qualitative and epistemology grounded in the perspective of socio-historical psychology. Was used as a tool for gathering information dialogical conversation Rey (2005), with two partial college scholarships (50%) of the above mentioned program. With the completion of the study, it was concluded that these students take a critical occupational choice and very little ideological; naturalize the process of choosing a profession, take as true the prevailing hegemonic liberal ideology and perceive the school as a bridge to the professional and social advancement. From these results we concluded the need to implement a public policy career guidance in schools, neighborhood associations, governmental and non-governmental organizations, in order to provide multiple sites for young people to poor people have the opportunity to think, discuss and reflect on the topic and thus perform more critical choices / Este trabalho está intitulado A escolha profissional das camadas pobres do município de Manaus: um estudo sobre sentidos e significados e o interesse pelo tema partiu do contexto socioeconômico e educacional vivenciado pelos jovens na capital amazonense, cidade marcada pela desigualdade social entre as suas distintas camadas sociais. É neste contexto social que os jovens pobres realizam suas escolhas ocupacionais, em sua maioria, sem o auxílio de um trabalho voltado para este processo. O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os sentidos e significados acerca de sua escolha profissional, constituídos por universitários bolsistas parciais (50%) do Programa Bolsa Universidade, desenvolvido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, guiada pela epistemologia qualitativa e fundamentada na perspectiva da Psicologia Sócio-histórica. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de informações a conversa dialogada de Rey (2005), com dois universitários bolsistas parciais (50%) do programa acima mencionado. Com a realização do estudo, concluiu-se que esses estudantes realizam uma escolha ocupacional pouca crítica e muito ideologizada; naturalizam o processo de escolha de uma profissão, tomam como verdade a ideologia liberal vigente e hegemônica e percebem a escola como a ponte para a ascensão profissional e social. A partir desses resultados concluiu-se pela necessidade da implantação de uma política pública de orientação profissional, em escolas, associações de bairros, organizações governamentais e não-governamentais, visando propiciar múltiplos locais para que os jovens pobres possam ter a oportunidade de pensar, discutir e refletir sobre o tema e, dessa forma, realizar escolhas mais críticas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Questionário Multidimensional para Imagem Social do Enfermeiro (QMISE) a fim de estudar a imagem da profissão segundo a visão de estudantes do ensino médio. O questionário foi submetido a validação de conteúdo, validação aparente, análise semântica e foi aplicado em uma amostra de 269 estudantes dos 5 sub-setores do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A taxa de alunos faltosos associada a taxa de alunos que recusaram-se a participar do estudo não permite que a amostra possa ser utilizada como inferência para a população. A amostra foi composta de 62,1% de mulheres, com uma média etária de 16,6 anos. A proporção de mulheres que almejam cursos universitários foi maior que a proporção de homens e o fator mais importante de escolha para as profissões foi salários altos, no entanto, percebe-se um desconhecimento geral sobre as carreiras desejadas. A maioria dos pais tem no máximo o primeiro grau completo e menos de 30% das mães estão fora do mercado de trabalho. A Enfermagem obteve um bom posicionamento (6ºlugar) no ranking de status social entre 15 profissões. Em relação à percepção salarial, a Enfermagem variou para a 8ª posição geral. As profissões de conotação social masculina obtiveram melhores posições tanto no ranking salarial como de status, se comparadas com as profissões de conotação social feminina. A maioria dos estudantes classificou positivamente contatos anteriores com o profissional de Enfermagem. Houve uma tendência a neutralidade em relação à aceitação de estereótipos de gênero para as carreiras, entretanto Engenharia, Psicologia e Nutrição receberam classificação dentro de estereótipos de gênero da maioria dos estudantes da amostra. Não foi detectada a presença dos estereótipos \"enfermeira como símbolo sexual\" nem do \"enfermeiro afeminado\", contudo os estereótipos \"Enfermagem como profissão feminina\" e \"submissão\" foram encontrados. A maioria dos estudantes relatou desconhecer a diferença entre os profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem e houve uma confusão entre os papéis do Enfermeiro e Auxiliar de Enfermagem. Mais de 70% da amostra referiu não ter interesse na escolha da Enfermagem como carreira. A maioria dos estudantes manifesta a valorização do cuidado mostrando coerência com o bom posicionamento da Enfermagem no ranking de status social, entretanto o fator autonomia não obteve consenso entre os estudantes e a maioria classificou o médico como o coordenador do trabalho. As características integrantes do cuidado humanizado foram classificadas como importantes, porém com uma avaliação feminina, podendo sugerir uma interpretação de um \"fazer menor\". O índice de desinteresse pela profissão não obteve diferenças entre homens e mulheres, o que pode sugerir uma futura crise também para o recrutamento feminino caso estes dados fossem confirmados na população. Considerando-se a atual crise de recrutamento e retenção de Enfermeiros enfrentada por países como Canadá e Estados Unidos da América parece emergencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias de esclarecimento dos estudantes a fim de atrair talentos para a Enfermagem em ambos os gêneros. / This study aimed to develop a Multidimensional Questionnaire for Social Image of Nurse (QMISE) to study the profession image according to high school students. The Questionnaire was submitted to content validation, apparent validation and semantic analysis. It was also applied in a sample of 269 high school students from Ribeirao Preto / SP city, Brazil. The rate of students that wasn\'t in class associated with the rate of students who refused to participate in the study does not allow the sample be an inference to the population. The sample was composed of 62.1% women, with an mean age of 16,6 years. The proportion women who desire faculty courses was higher than the proportion of men and high salaries was the most important factor for choose the career, however, there is lack of information about the desired careers. Most parents didn\'t even begin the high school program and less than 30% of the mothers are unemployed or work at home. Most students said do not suffered influence of parent\'s career but the parents give them advices about the professional future. Nursing got a good position (6 th place) in the ranking of social status among 15 different professions. But for the salaries perception Nursing varies to the 8th position. The professions with social suggestion as males profession obtained better ranking positions in both (status and salaries), if compared to the female\'s. Most students evaluate positively previous contacts with the nursing professionals. There was a tendency to neutrality for acceptance careers gender stereotypes, however Engineering, Psychology and Nutrition received evaluation with gender stereotypes of the majority of students in the sample. It was not detected the presence of stereotypes \"nurse as a sexual symbol\" or the \"effeminate nurse\", however the stereotypes \"nursing as a female profession\" and \"submission\" was detected. Most students reported ignoring the difference between the professional team of Nursing and there was doubt between the roles of Nurse and Nurse Helper. Over 70% reported not having interest in choice nursing as a career. Most students expressed the value of care, however the autonomy factor received no consensus among students and the majority described doctors as the coordinator. Apparently there is a meaning of care as important, but a care whose autonomy is not yet consensus and coordinated by the medical team. Furthermore, the characteristics of humanized care were classified as important, but as women characteristics and it may suggest an interpretation of \"less important\". The rate of disinterest by the nursing career received no differences between men and women, which may suggest a future crisis also to recruit women if these data are confirmed in the population. Considering the current crisis in recruitment and retention of nurses and nursing students faced by countries such as Canada and the United States nowadays, seems emergently the development strategies for improve nursing image in order to attract talents for Nursing in both genders.

Despite research connecting the meaningfulness of work with positive organizational outcomes, such as increased employee well-being, job satisfaction, engagement, and retention, there remains a lack of adequate, inclusive research explaining differences in women's perceptions of the meaningfulness of work. The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to address this gap in the literature by developing a theory about the formation of perceptions of the meaningfulness of work and about the impact of those perceptions. Research questions explored perceptions that women from diverse social classes have of the meaningfulness of work, what influenced those perceptions, the impact of those perceptions on their career choices, and the influence of those perceptions on workplace experiences and behaviors. Data for this study were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 25 women from different social classes. Transcribed interviews, results from a demographic screening survey, and researcher memos were analyzed using constant comparison in open, axial, and selective coding phases. Results indicated that perceptions of the meaningfulness of work are primarily defined by the potential impact of meaningful work and that the type, scope, and target of that impact are influenced by contextual and experiential factors, filtered through personal identity. The analogy of a stream was used to demonstrate the theory that blockages caused by negative workplace experiences and behaviors may prevent work from having a meaningful impact, but that channels can be created to bypass these blockages. Positive social change occurs when these channels allow employees' goals for impact to be realized, leading them to experience their work as meaningful and to engage in organizational citizenship behavior.

Career prospects are a motivating factor for entry and retention of doctoral students, especially in the discipline of engineering. While doctoral student training provides them with highly specialized skills to be an independent researcher, they may not have the requisite skills or guidance to secure the job position of their choice. Therefore, it is important to provide doctoral students with opportunities, training, and information (i.e., resources) about different types of careers to not only ensure they are productive contributors of teaching and research, but also equip them for future career prospects. Research techniques based upon in-depth narrative interviews and combining research with action were used to explain how doctoral students develop and fit in with their intended careers and was used to explore what supports and challenges contribute to their intended career paths. Analysis of the data revealed three themes: (1) Engineering Doctoral Identity; (2) Engineering Doctoral Skill Development; and (3) Time. Research emerged as central to engineering doctoral identity and was reinforced by ‘Insiders’, or people who had a Ph.D. in engineering. Insiders’ and doctoral students’ value of research came at the cost of relatively devaluing other skills (e.g., teaching) and associated career resources. These students had to consider and compromise how they fit within an engineering doctoral identity that is premised on research. This negotiation influenced the skills they developed and how they crafted tactics to acquire necessary skills for future careers. At the same time, participants were struggling to cope with immediate demands of their study while also working towards future career goals. Participants struggled to optimize their time, and in response utilized “Time Adaptive Tactics” such as flexibility, networking, and leveraging career resources. Engineering doctoral student and university staff perceptions of career resources were compared against each other which revealed that students utilize resources based upon a hierarchy that considers how specific and close in time and location those resources are. Whereas staff believed their resources were beneficial regardless of these factors. Additionally, the career resources that participants used were influenced by Insiders and how they implicitly showed they valued those resources.

To-date relatively little research has explored the perceptions that influence young peoples' interest in policing as a career. This study examined if perceptions of policing are interconnected with desire to be an officer. Overall, the results were inconclusive; however, it was determined that young people interested in a policing career hold moderately accurate perceptions of policing with regards to the application and hiring process, officer salary, the daily tasks performed by officers, and issues of gender. But, these young people have a limited understanding of longstanding issues of race/ethnic discrimination within policing. The implications of this research undertaking for policing organizations and academics are discussed.