No período da adolescência a formação da identidade configura-se como ponto central, embora como um processo contínuo ao longo da vida. No contexto sociocultural brasileiro, o período da adolescência convida para uma definição da escolha profissional. Para concretizar esta tarefa do desenvolvimento, a Orientação Vocacional/Profissional constitui-se como intervenção relevante, podendo ser auxiliada por recursos da avaliação psicológica. Dentre as técnicas de exame psicológico autorizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP) no Brasil, destaca-se, nesta área, o Teste de Fotos de Profissões (BBT-Br), instrumento projetivo para avaliação de inclinações motivacionais (interesses), elementos formadores da identidade e decisivos para a escolha profissional. Almejando buscar evidências empíricas de hipóteses interpretativas do BBT-Br e da concepção teórica dos oito fatores de inclinação motivacional do autor deste instrumento (Achtnich), procurou-se delinear uma estratégia de validação convergente deste teste por meio de resultados obtidos com outra técnica de avaliação psicológica já consagrada no contexto científico internacional como instrumento de avaliação de interesses, o Self-Directed Search (SDS). Em termos gerais procurou-se, inicialmente, examinar as estruturas de interesses de adolescentes em momento de escolha profissional (terceiro ano do Ensino Médio), analisando-se possível efeito da variável sexo sobre as inclinações motivacionais. Objetivou-se ainda avaliar as características psicométricas do SDS e BBT-Br, especificamente estimando a precisão (Alfa de Cronbach) e a validade (análise dos componentes principais - ACP) destes instrumentos, além de examinar a convergência dos resultados destes dois instrumentos (correlação de Pearson p 0,05). Foram avaliados 497 estudantes de 16 a 19 anos de idade, do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio (público e diurno) de Ribeirão Preto (SP), sendo 295 do sexo feminino e 202 do sexo masculino. Os dois instrumentos foram aplicados coletivamente em uma mesma sessão, simultaneamente em duas salas de aula, sendo os meninos separados das meninas, devido às duas formas do BBT-Br. Os resultados indicaram elevado nível de consistência interna nas duas técnicas de avaliação psicológica (índices entre 0,80 e 0,90 para o SDS e entre 0,57 e 0,80 para o BBT-Br). A ACP sinalizou estrutura interna fatorial, tanto no SDS quanto nas duas formas do BBT-Br, compatível com os fatores teoricamente previstos por estas técnicas. A partir das análises de correlação entre os seis tipos psicológicos do SDS e os oito fatores primários positivos do BBT-Br foram encontradas as seguintes correlações significativas: tipo R com fatores K, V, S e M (grupo masculino) e com os fatores K,V,M,Z e G (grupo feminino); tipo Intelectual com fatores G e V (masc.) e G,V e M (fem.); tipo Artístico com fatores Z e G (masc. e fem.); tipo Social com fatores G, W, S, Z, O e M (masc.) e S, G e O (fem.); tipo Empreendedor com fatores O e V (masc.) e V e Z (fem.); tipo Convencional com o fator V (masc. e fem.). Estes resultados pareceram promissores no sentido de apontar evidências que reforçam a fidedignidade e a validade do BBT-Br a partir das associações significativas encontradas com o modelo RIASEC do SDS. O SDS de Holland é, certamente, uma técnica de avaliação psicológica internacionalmente reconhecida enquanto instrumento adequado para avaliação de motivações relacionadas à escolha profissional, portanto, fortalecendo os fundamentos das hipóteses interpretativas do BBT-Br, como pretendido neste trabalho. / During adolescence, identity formation becomes a central issue, although it is a continuous process along life. In the Brazilian social-cultural context, adolescence is a period during which professional career definition is expected. In order to accomplish such developmental task, Vocational Guidance stands as a relevant intervention, which can be aided by psychological assessment resources. Among the psychological assessment techniques approved by the Federal Counsel of Psychology in Brazil, the Berufsbilder Test (BBT-Br) stands itself as a projective instrument for Vocational Guidance. The BBT-Br can assess motivational inclinations (interests), which are elements of identity formation and decisives for career choice. In order to gather empirical evidence of BBT-Brs interpretative hypotheses, as well as for the underlying theory for this instrument, that is, Achtnichs eight-factor motivational inclinations model, a convergent validation strategy was designed with the Self-Directed Search (SDS), a widely, well-accepted instrument in the international scientific context for interest assessment. In short terms, the initial aim was to examine interest structures of adolescents during their career choice period (last year of high-school), checking whether gender had an effect on motivational inclinations. Also, the aim was to assess psychometric properties of both the SDS and the BBT-Br, through estimations of reliability using Cronbachs Alpha and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for validity estimations. Pearson correlations were also calculated for result convergence between both instruments (p 0,05). Four-hundred ninety-seven students were assessed, ages varying from 16 to 19 years old, studying in public schools in Ribeirão Preto (State of São Paulo Brazil), on their last year of high school (daily period). The participants were 295 females and 202 males. Both instruments were applied collectively, in a single, simultaneous session, with males and females in separate rooms. This procedure was adopted due to different forms of the BBT-Br for both genders. The results indicate high internal consistency of both psychological assessment instruments, with indexes varying from 0,80 to 0,90 for the SDS and from 0,57 to 0,80 for the BBT-Br. The PCA indicated internal factorial structures that matched theory-predicted factors for both instruments. The correlations between SDSs six psychological types and the BBT-Brs eight positive, primary factors were significant for the following: Realistic type with factors K, V, S and M (male group) and factors K, V, M Z and G (female group); Investigative type with factors G and V (male) and factors G, V and M (female); Artistic type with factors Z and G (both group); Social type with factors G, W, S, Z,O and M (male) and factors S, G and O (female); Enterprising type with factors O and V (male) and factors V and Z (female); Conventional type with factor V (both group). These results seem promising, in terms of the evidence supported for both reliability and validity of the BBT-Br, considering its significant associations with SDSs RIASEC model. The SDS is, certainly, an internationally acknowledged instrument for psychological assessment of career choice-related motivations, which can, thus, increase the assumptions power of interpretative hypotheses based on the BBT-Br, as aimed for this study.

Choosing a college major and career are the most critical decisions that college students make and students are expected to make these impactful decisions early in their academic careers. First-generation, community college students are a group that are especially affected by this early decision process as they require the knowledge and experience to make informed decisions. Their parents often lack the experience to guide them through this process since they are unfamiliar with being a college student and providing the necessary support in this area. These barriers cause stress among these students and inefficiencies in the decisions that they make. Nevertheless, first-generation, community college students are a group that possess a tremendous amount of motivation and determination for reaching their goals regardless of the barriers they encounter. Community colleges and high schools are in a position to create intervention programs that help promote career development at a time when it’s most critical. The aim of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the decision-making process that first-generation, community college students experienced as they made college major and career choices. The study focused on understanding the factors that influenced students’ college major and career choices. This study found that the factors that influenced students’ college major and career choices were: a desire to break the cycle of poverty for a better life; the desire to set a good example; the desire to become something real; the exposure to knowledge, engaging instructors, and to authentic careers during their educational experience; knowing there is a future; and the support and guidance students received while pursuing their education. Furthermore, students reported that their exposure to knowledge, engaging instructors, and to their authentic careers during their educational experience, as well as the support and guidance they received, helped bolster their level of confidence about reaching their career goals, thus, providing students with a heightened sense of career self-efficacy. Results of this study indicated that having the proper support and guidance, both moral and financial, influenced the choices that they made related to their college majors and careers. Being confident about reaching a career goal gave students the determination and resiliency to keep moving forward in their academic path. Participants described their major and career choice process as confronting unclear futures with determination and resilience; encountering and overcoming financial barriers; being stressful; and as a process of searching. This new knowledge that emerged as a result of this study will assist counselors in utilizing effective counseling approaches in order to maximize the assistance provided to first-generation, community college students based on their actual career development needs. The study results will also help in directing the development of intervention programs focused on career development at community colleges and pre-collegiate institutions.

Theoretically derived career education programs are not well documented in the career development literature. This remains so, despite growing recognition of the negative effects of a schism between theory and practice. This thesis describes a research project that attempted to incorporate theory into practice. The two primary aims were to test and extend career development theory, and to evaluate a theoretically derived career education program. The participants were 296 Year 10 students (mean age = 14.5 years; 147 females & 149 males) attending a government high school in a low socio-economic area of a large Australian city. Career maturity, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career indecision were the key career development variables examined. Students' decision coping patterns were also investigated. There were three studies in all. The first gathered qualitative data from a stratified random sample (N = 30) of staff and parents at the school where the research took place. This study assessed the career decision-making development needs of the students. It also provided context specific information about the opportunity structure of these adolescents, including perceived barriers to making sound career-related decisions. Findings centred upon the belief that students lacked self confidence and were in need of training in life skills generally, and decision-making and goal setting skills in particular. The interviewees also painted a grim picture about students' complacency and sense of resignation to unemployment. The second study involved the cross-sectional examination of baseline survey data, which obtained measures of the career development variables under investigation as well as relevant demographic and contextual data including part-time work experience, school achievement level, and parents' education and employment status. A thorough review of the career development literature, combined with the qualitative data, and the findings of this cross-sectional study, served to guide the design of a career education intervention. Social cognitive career theory's choice model (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) was used as the framework for the career education intervention, which ran for six weeks with one 70 minute lesson per week. Relationships amongst the key variables established previously in the literature were reflected in the results of the cross-sectional study. Demographic and contextual variables were also found to impact upon students' level of career development and decision-making behaviour in anticipated ways. The third study was a longitudinal assessment of the intervention using the baseline survey and three more surveys administered during the same school year. The short and long term effects of the intervention were examined according to mode of delivery, and comparisons were made with controls. The researcher was the career development "expert" facilitator for the implementation of the intervention to 134 students between the first and second testing times. A wait-listed control group of 118 students undertook the intervention between the second and third testing times with regular classroom teachers facilitating it. The remaining students were enrolled in a generic school-based vocational course and were not given the intervention. There was a lapse of eight weeks between each of the first three testing times with the fourth test taken 12 weeks later. Despite its brief nature, the intervention was found to assist students' career development in a variety of ways. It led to gains in career maturity for females regardless of who taught them. However, males' career maturity was enhanced only if teachers facilitated the intervention. Levels of career indecision and maladaptive decision-making coping patterns were also reduced by the intervention with teacher facilitation. A matched sample of students who did the intervention exhibited significantly better outcomes than those doing the generic vocational course. The long term impact of the intervention was found to be generally beneficial, although some gains were not maintained 12 weeks later. Students' career decision-making self-efficacy and their resoluteness toward decision-making were not affected by the intervention. The research findings led to an appeal for the realignment of focus in career education. This has implications for career education curriculum development in Australia, which needs to shift from its ad hoc, information giving approach, to more comprehensive, long-term, and intensive programming. Career education that enhances the personal skills students need to meet the demands of the world of work in the twenty-first century is required. Career process skills are of paramount importance. Specialist training for career guidance officers is also recommended and more research incorporating theory and practice is advocated.

<p>Studiens syfte är att belysa hur fyra unga individer, i ålder 18- 25 resonerar kring sin valprocess retrospektivt och i nutid. Studien har fokus på individens egna berättelser, dvs. erfarenheter, förväntningar och drömmar om framtiden. Den illustrerar även individens syn på samhällets stödjande funktioner i samband med studie- och yrkesval. För studien tillämpas en induktiv kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att valet sker i samspel mellan individernas egna preferenser och deras omgivning och att valet till både utbildning och yrke kan vara spännande men också svårt. Där finns förväntningar men också en känsla av ovisshet. Det visar även en utbredd upplevelse av att de inte får, eller har fått det stöd som de anser att de behöver. En slutsats som kan dras är att unga individer behöver verktyg för att kunna navigera mellan dröm och verklighet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to illuminate how four young individuals in the age of 18 to 25 reason about their career choices both retrospectively and today. The focus of the study is on their own stories, i.e. their experiences, expectations and dreams of the future. It also illustrates their view on society’s supporting functions in relation to career choices. An inductive qualitative method is used for the study. The results show that choices are made in an interaction between the individuals own preferences and their context, and that career choices can be difficult as well as exciting. The results also show an extensive feeling of not getting the help or the support they consider necessary and that they need tools to be able to navigate from dream to reality.</p>

Studiens syfte är att belysa hur fyra unga individer, i ålder 18- 25 resonerar kring sin valprocess retrospektivt och i nutid. Studien har fokus på individens egna berättelser, dvs. erfarenheter, förväntningar och drömmar om framtiden. Den illustrerar även individens syn på samhällets stödjande funktioner i samband med studie- och yrkesval. För studien tillämpas en induktiv kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att valet sker i samspel mellan individernas egna preferenser och deras omgivning och att valet till både utbildning och yrke kan vara spännande men också svårt. Där finns förväntningar men också en känsla av ovisshet. Det visar även en utbredd upplevelse av att de inte får, eller har fått det stöd som de anser att de behöver. En slutsats som kan dras är att unga individer behöver verktyg för att kunna navigera mellan dröm och verklighet. / The purpose of this study is to illuminate how four young individuals in the age of 18 to 25 reason about their career choices both retrospectively and today. The focus of the study is on their own stories, i.e. their experiences, expectations and dreams of the future. It also illustrates their view on society’s supporting functions in relation to career choices. An inductive qualitative method is used for the study. The results show that choices are made in an interaction between the individuals own preferences and their context, and that career choices can be difficult as well as exciting. The results also show an extensive feeling of not getting the help or the support they consider necessary and that they need tools to be able to navigate from dream to reality.

Im Lebenslauf ist die Berufswahl eine zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe. Durch die Institutionalisierung des Lebenslaufes in modernen Gesellschaften wird der Prozess auch institutionell begleitet. Schule organisiert in Kooperation mit der Bundesagentur für Arbeit dazu berufsorientierende Angebote, die u.a. die Entwicklung der Berufswahlreife unterstützen sollen. So werden neben den Eltern auch die Schule und Berufsberatung zu zentralen Vermittlern (Gatekeepern) beim Übergang von der Schule in die Ausbildung. Im Rahmen der Analyse des Berufswahlprozesses ist es wichtig, die Interaktion zwischen „Umwelt und Person“ zu betrachten: Wie gelingt es Jugendlichen, diese Entwicklungsaufgabe anhand personaler und sozialer Ressourcen, sowie im Rahmen gesellschaftlicher Strukturen, zu bewältigen? Diese Fragestellung ist grundsätzlich nicht neu, gewinnt jedoch unter den aktuellen gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Übergangsbedingungen eine große Bedeutung. Schulen haben in den letzten Jahren verstärkt begonnen, ihre Berufsorientierung systematisch zu organisieren und weiterzuentwickeln. Die Fülle der neu entwickelten Konzepte und Programme zur Verbesserung der Berufsorientierung steht jedoch in keinem Verhältnis zum Stand der empirischen Forschung. Daher ist die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit von der zentralen Zielstellung geleitet, die empirische Evidenz zur Wirkung schulischer Berufsorientierungsangebote zu erweitern. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie steht die Fragestellung, wie sich der schulische Berufsorientierungsprozess für Schülerinnen und Schüler aller Bildungsgänge für einen verbesserten Übergang in weiterführende Bildungs- und Ausbildungssysteme optimieren lässt. Von Interesse ist dabei, ob und inwieweit schulische Angebote die Entwicklung der Berufswahlreife der Schülerinnen und Schüler beeinflussen, welche Angebote als besonders unterstützend oder weniger sinnvoll beurteilt werden müssen. Diese Fragestellungen wurden auf Basis von schriftlichen Befragungen im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2010 von Oberschülerinnen und Oberschülern im Landes Brandenburg bearbeitet. Anhand von Querschnitts- und Panelanalysen werden Aussagen über die Wahrnehmung und den Einfluss der verschiedenen schulischen Angebote sowohl für einzelne Jahrgangsstufen als auch im Vergleich zwischen den Jahrgangsstufen getroffen. / The study focussed on the question of how career orientation programs for students in middle schools transitioning into advanced educational and vocational levels could be optimized. Particularly of interest was the degree of influence school programs had on the career choices of students and which programs were supportive and which were deemed as not having value. The answers to these questions should help to critically analyze, further develop and adapt current career orientation programs in schools. The accompanying article should be seen as a guidance for teachers who want to use results in current educational research to further develop the career orientation profiles of their schools. The document is an extract of results from the research „My school, my parents and I in the career orientation process – The career choices of students at the end of middle school between career orientation programs in schools and parental influence“ (SEIB).

São Paulo is considered to be the hub of technology in Brazil and many Brazilian women are finding jobs in the growing technology industry there. While questions about women‟s low involvement in technical careers in the United States are being researched by organizations such as the National Center for Women & Information Technology, the American Association of University Women, and the Anita Borg Institute, research on this topic in Brazil is considerably more limited. In January 2011, 10 interviews were conducted with women in São Paulo, Brazil working in information technology (IT) careers. In an effort to understand how they got to their current careers interviewees were asked for their personal stories, perceptions, views, and opinions on career choice, work/personal life balance, employment history, and education. The majority of the responses in these interviews revealed a similar situation and similar perceptions to those expressed in the United States. Participation by females in the male-dominated IT sector in Brazil has been decreasing over the past decades and reasons for low female participation in IT are complex. Interviews revealed that 1) women working in technical careers believe that IT jobs are considered appropriate for Brazilian women, but that technical programs and workplaces are mainly occupied by men, 2) Brazilian women feel constrained by the expectation for women to be primary caretakers of domestic responsibilities even when both partners work full time, and 3) women are considered to be better communicators in Brazil, but most upper-level leadership positions in IT are held by men. This study is meant to be an initial effort on which further research can expand. / text

Objective: Because of the increasing shortage of general practitioners (GPs) in many countries, this study aimed to explore factors related to GP career choice in recent medical graduates. Particular focus was placed on the impact of specific practice-orientated GP courses at different stages of the medical undergraduate curriculum. Design: Observational study. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to reveal independent associations with career choice. Setting: Leipzig Medical School, Germany. Subjects: 659 graduates (response rate = 64.2%). Main outcome measure: Choice of general practice as a career. Results: Six student-associated variables were found to be independently related to choice of general practice as a career: age, having family or friends in general practice, consideration of a GP career at matriculation, preference for subsequent work in a rural or small-town area, valuing the ability to see a broad spectrum of patients, and valuing long-term doctor – patient relationships. Regarding the curriculum, after adjustment independent associations were found with a specifi c pre-clinical GP elective (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 – 5.3), a four-week GP clerkship during the clinical study section (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 – 5.0), and a four-month GP clinical rotation during the final year (OR = 10.7, 95% CI 4.3 – 26.7). It was also found that the work-related values of the female participants were more compatible with those of physicians who opt for a GP career than was the case for their male colleagues. Conclusion: These results support the suggestion that a practice-orientated GP curriculum in both the earlier and later stages of undergraduate medical education raises medical schools’ output of future GPs. The findings are of interest for medical schools (curriculum design, admission criteria), policy-makers, and GPs involved in undergraduate medical education. More research is needed on the effectiveness of specific educational interventions in promoting interest in general practice as a career.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61070100632.pdf: 803607 bytes, checksum: 4edf2893151ee60872af84e8d9e27e4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-24T00:00:00Z / O presente estudo busca entender como profissionais técnicos, cuja opção inicial de carreira não era o empreendedorismo, efetuaram uma transição ao longo do tempo e se tornaram empreendedores. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, utilizando-se o método de investigação de Estória de Vida, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com três empreendedores com formação universitária em cursos técnico-científicos. Identificaram-se experiências durante toda a vida do indivíduo capazes de desenvolver características e conhecimentos inerentes a um empreendedor, e que ao longo de suas carreiras pressionaram uma mudança de suas escolhas profissionais iniciais. / The present study search to understand how professionals graduated in technical-scientific courses, which initial career choice was thus not entrepreneurship, were instead taken to this transition along time and became entrepreneurs. The present study starts from the principle that a career choice is not the result of only one but of a complex whole of experience, that are related to each other during all the development of individual’s life. This research has a qualitative and exploratory character, making use of Story of Life method, through deep interviews with three entrepreneurs undergraduate in technical-scientific courses. Experiences along all the individual's life have been identified. These experiences were able to develop entrepreneur’s characteristics and knowledge on them, and that during their lives made pressure for a change on their initial career choices. These experiences were related within five groups of influence: familiar, personal, academic and professional, moment of transition and motivations.

The objective of the present study was to explore whether individuals' career anchors are dependent on their personality types. The Career Orientation Inventory (COI) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) were administered to a sample of honours students in the subject field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology in order to measure the relationship between the two constructs. For statistical purposes only the female participants were included in the final sample analysis (N=117) because of the underrepresentation of males. Statistically significant differences were established with regard to the security/stability career anchor and the ESFJ, ENFP, ESFP and INFP personality types. It is recommended that future studies include larger samples that are more representative of all possible sixteen (16) personality types and a broader range of occupations. The findings contribute new knowledge regarding the career anchors and personality preferences of females pursuing further studies in the field of IO-Psychology. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)