This thesis deals with the responsibility associated with the provision of health care, specifically it deals with the problem of causal link in medical disputes, its peculiarities, its obstacles related to its proving and possible ways of burden-of-proof- easement in relation to causation, including in particular the loss of chance concept. Second section of the thesis is dedicated to the brief introduction to the issue of liability, as a specific phenomenon necessary for the functioning of the human community, which is in the provision of health care represented not only by civil liability, but also by ethical disciplinary or labour liability. Legal liability is however clearly the dominant and most efficient instrument to regulate the conduct of the legal norm addressees. Legal liability, defined as secondary legal obligation, arising as a result of a breach of the primary legal obligation, is described in the third section of this thesis according to its basic structural elements. These basic structural elements are: infringement, emergence of damage, fault and finally causal link between the unlawful conduct and the damage. Crucial attention is paid to the causal link, to the specification of the causal link concept, to the requirement for level of proof in the Czech legal system and also in...

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Elizabeth Barrett / Water is essential for many aspects of daily life including restaurant operations and is necessary for generation and service of properly produced, safe food. However, water is becoming more scarce and expensive due to climate change, infrastructure needs, governmental budget constraints, and shifting water sources. The purpose of this study was to develop benchmarks for water usage and costs for casual dining restaurants (CDRs) in Kansas and identify demographics that may impact water usage and costs. The population for the study was the 952 CDRs in Kansas. Stratified random sampling selected 60 restaurants from five Kansas demographic regions. Data were collected from the local municipal water utilities, Kansas Department of Revenue, Google’s Place Page, and through telephone or on-site interviews with a manager. Results for 221 of 300 (74%) CDRs that responded indicated that on average 1,766 gallons of water were used each day per restaurant, 12.79 per gallons per day for each seat, 68 gallons per employee, and 0.73 gallons per interior square foot. These results were as much as 69% lower than those from a 2000 study conducted by Dziegielewski et al. Significant demographics that impacted water consumption were season of year, population (F= 9.763, p≤.001), menu (F= 2.921, p≤.035), type of ownership (F= 56.565, p≤.000), water source (F= 10.751, p≤.032), irrigation (F= 46.514, p≤.001) and days open (F= 6.085, p≤.000). A stepwise linear regression model (F= 33.676, p≤.000) found ownership (β= -.329, p ≤ 0.000), irrigation (β= -.290, p ≤ 0.000), and population (β= -.176, p ≤ 0.003) impacted water consumption. For water costs, CDRs paid an average of $6.54 per 1,000 gallons of water consumed and had mean annual expenses of $5,026 on revenues of $2,554,254 which was the equivalent of a water cost percent of 0.42. Demographics that impacted water costs were season of year, region (F = 3.167, p≤ 0.015), and water source (F = 4.692, p≤ 0.032). However, a stepwise linear regression model (F= 4.485, p ≤ 0.036) found only water source (β= -.152, p ≤ 0.036) was an indicator of the percentage of revenues related to cost of water. This study did identify benchmarks for water consumption and water costs that can be used in the future by restaurateurs. The primary limitations of the study were that results can only be generalized to casual dining restaurants in Kansas. Future studies can be conducted with different types of restaurants in Kansas and with CDRs in other areas.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the of Masters of Arts Degree in Labour and Development, Economic Policy, Globalisation and Labour (Labour Policy and Globalisation). Johannesburg, 2016 / Zambia has been implementing economic liberalisation policies at the advice of the IMF and the World Bank, to reverse years of economic decline that began with the commodity crisis of the 1970s. As a strategy for economic growth, these included, the deregulation of foreign investment, removal of currency controls, trade liberalisation, decontrolling prices, cutting food subsidies, reduction of state control in running the economy and privatization of state run companies. The rapid implementation of these measures by the Zambian government has seen a change in employment trends in the mining industry from permanent employment to casualisation of labour.These measures have resulted into negative social and economicconsequences on the lives of the casualised mine workers such as job insecurity, poor health and safety standards, lack of protection and union representation, poor remuneration, lack of pension,and other forms of exploitation. Despite booms and busts in the copper price, employment levels have been drastically dropping especially among the permanent mine workers as a cost cutting measure. The role of the state in the running of the mines which Zambia has depended on since independence has diminished significantly and the state is increasingly succumbing to the dictates of the mining Trans-National Corporations (TNCs).The study which was conducted among casualised/contract rock ore drillers at Mopani Copper Mines Plc reaffirms arguments by previous researchers that economic liberalisation has not achieved the high expectations that Zambians wished for and that there is need for government and trade unions to protect the welfare and working conditions of these casualised mine workers who have become a new set of underclass. Through in-depth interviews, observations and documentary analysis, this research has brought to light the social and economic experiences of casualised/contract rock ore drillers at Mopani Copper Mines Plc and questions whether Zambian mine workers were better off when the mines were being run by the state than is currently the case under TNCs. / MT2017

The purpose of this research was to evaluate consumer response based on two distances (12 and 24 inches) between tables in a fast-casual restaurant. An onsite survey was conducted to measure customers’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to questions on pleasure, privacy, stress, arousal, comfort, control, customer satisfaction, and future dining intentions based on their experience with the table spacing. Results showed that table spacing has an effect on diner’s pleasure, feelings of privacy, and sense of comfort and control. The results confirmed a strong correlation between customer satisfaction and future behavioral intentions.

People go to work and people go home. Playing out their roles and their lives, going in and out of character. We create our own characters depending on where we are and with who we are. In this project a set of characters having a “casual Friday” at work has been interpreted. Working with the office dress codes and breaking them down. The intention is to explore the relation between 2D-3D in garment and print, using distortion to create new silhouettes and characters. Inspiration is taken from 80´s movies set in the office space and 90´s casual wear. Working without restrictions when combining transferprinted characters/garments and real garments where the “Casual Friday” theme is always present. Photos of real people were taken to keep an essence of reality throughout the line-up. The silhouettes, characters and garments created in Photoshop is based on how the de-signer would usually draw them with paper and pen. What could be defined as missing today is the interpretation of 2D prints working it´s way towards 3D in a more direct way, as well as going from 2D to 3D in the line-up. To actually be able to put a nice silhouette together in the computer and then keep on working on that same silhouette on body. By working with transparent monofilament fabrics there is also great ways of what to show underneath. The results show that the relationship between 2D prints and 3D garments is striking and a good source for new design solutions in garments. To cover one part of the body in 2D and then work on the rest in 3D has been restricting in a good way. New ways of altering the body has been found as well as new ways of constructing simple garments. By creating something strong in the stage of digital sketching made it possible to work in the same way practically. Keeping the flat 2D feeling even though you´re working with something in 3D.

An efficacious treatment is diminished in value if clients will not seek it out and adhere to it (Kazdin, 1978). Thus, the acceptability of a treatment to consumers is an important indicator of the quality/effectiveness of the treatment (APA, 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine acceptability of treatments for depression to adolescent females and to explore factors that might be associated with acceptability. Sixty-seven high school students (36 Hispanic and 31 non-Hispanic White) were recruited from communities in New Jersey and Florida, and interviewed by telephone. Participants were presented with a vignette describing a depressed adolescent and asked to use the Abbreviated Acceptability Rating Profile to indicate their opinion of four single treatments (cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family therapy, and pharmacotherapy) for depression and three treatment combinations. Consistent with hypotheses, psychotherapy approaches were generally more acceptable to adolescents than combinations of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy used alone was not acceptable, on average. There was preliminary evidence to support the hypotheses that treatment acceptability is related to ethnicity, acculturation, and perceived causes of depression; however, contrary to expectations, treatment acceptability was not associated with symptom severity in this study. Implications for increasing the utilization of mental health services in this population are discussed and directions for future research are offered.

<p>Fantasy War Game är en spelmotor gjort i PHP med inslag av Java. Själva striden är uppbyggd med objektorienterad programmeringsmetodik. Spelet är ett textbaserat rollspel i high fantasy-miljö. Sidan är ett interaktivt konfliktspel där spelarna kan utveckla sitt gäng, slåss mot monster eller andra spelare.</p>

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国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

BANDEIRA, Francisco Dário de Andrade. Uma investigação sobre o poder causal da informação em gerar conhecimento a partir da obra knowledge and the flow of information, de Fred Dretske. 2015. 140f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-02T18:33:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fdabandeira.pdf: 1111768 bytes, checksum: b2f69c91c6da8857e48799db73391b6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-03T12:58:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fdabandeira.pdf: 1111768 bytes, checksum: b2f69c91c6da8857e48799db73391b6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T12:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_fdabandeira.pdf: 1111768 bytes, checksum: b2f69c91c6da8857e48799db73391b6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The intensive demand for information nowadays confirms that information has an huge casual power. There’s a diversity of meaning of information and research approach, which can be explained by the different modes of occurrence of information, or even by the complexity of the term. Beyond these tensions, information is generally a valuable resource, a commodity, because it’s an essential element for generation of knowledge. But how information influences the human phenomena? How information contributes for generation of knowledge? This research aims to answer this question based on the work of Fred Dretske (1981). This philosopher proposed an informational semantic that explain how the immaterial side of information, which is related to perception, influences the generation of knowledge. Considering some aspects of mathematical theory of communication, Dretske presents information surrounded by a network of casual relations and nomic regularities that allows the receptor (a person able to understand properly a received message) to have full access to the events of an information resource. This study concludes that the Dretskian notion of information, despite the criticism for its probabilistic nature, once review, offers important insights that help us to understand how knowledge is created in different worlds of information. / As demandas intensas por informação em nossos dias levam à constatação de que a informação possui grande poder causal. Existe uma diversidade de significados do termo informação e também diversas abordagens de pesquisa, isto pode ser explicado pelos diferentes modos de ocorrência da informação ou mesmo pela complexidade do termo. À parte dessas tensões, considera-se em geral, que a informação é um bem precioso, uma commodity porque constitui-se num ingrediente fundamental para a geração do conhecimento. Mas, de fato, como a informação causa algo, como ela gera conhecimento? Esta pesquisa propõe-se a responder tal questão a partir da obra de Fred Dretske (1981). O filósofo propôs uma semântica informacional na qual procura, dentre outras coisas, explicitar como essa entidade imaterial, vinculada à percepção, pode gerar conhecimento. Tomando como centrais algumas noções da teoria matemática da comunicação, Dretske considera que a informação está envolta numa rede de relações causais e regularidades nômicas que propiciam a um dado receptor, quando capaz de interpretar devidamente uma mensagem recebida, a garantia de acesso a um estado de conhecimento de 100% dos eventos na fonte. Explicitado o percurso da argumentação dretskiana, argumenta-se que, mesmo diante de importantes críticas, a exigência probabilística de Dretske poderia, uma vez revisada, auxiliar na compreensão da noção de conhecimento comumente utilizada pelas pessoas nos seus diferentes mundos.