The CATS TCT is a military wargaming simulator used by the Swedish Armed Forces for education of position holders within battalion or company staffs. The CATS TCT was developed during the nineties and one of the challenges today is how the system can be modernized in order to meet the increased demands on usability. This master thesis is part of the work with modernizing the CATS TCT and a usability study has been conducted in order to identify issues and problems of the current system related to usability. This thesis is conducted at BAE Systems C-ITS in Linköping and the main focus of this study has been how to analyze and re-design the CATS TCT in order to enhance the usability of the system. Empirical data in this study has been collected through six semi-structured interviews, one observation and two focus group interviews and the result of this study has elicit several problem areas related to any of following usability aspects: effectiveness, efficiency or satisfaction. The conclusions from this investigation is that the CATS TCT simulator is an valuable and appreciated educational tool – especially from an effectiveness point of view. When it comes to efficiency, however, several problems areas has been identified and these areas are: information architecture, interface interaction, how orders are issued to units and how the simulation rules are implemented. When it comes to the users satisfaction of the system no unequivocal conclusion has been possible to present. As a complement to the identified issues and problems of the simulator this study has also presented examples on how prototypes could be used to solve some of the identified problems. More specifically, in this report re-design solutions related to how the users interact with the map, how orders are issued and how status overview is displayed has been presented.

As afecções bucais em gatos domésticos são causas frequentes de atendimento clínico. São enfermidades multifatoriais, cuja etiopatogenia ainda não foi elucidada. Contudo, acredita-se que o desequilíbrio da microbiota bucal e da resposta imune local resulte num processo inflamatório, que a longo prazo poderá interferir no comportamento do animal, ocasionar perda de dentes e levar até a morte. A microbiota bucal é composta por diferentes gêneros bacterianos, dentre estes destacam-se Staphylococcus spp. e a Pasteurella spp. O tratamento das afecções bucais é baseado no uso de antimicrobianos e anti-inflamatórios, porém há uma alta taxa de insucesso. Adicionalmente, como a escolha dos antimicrobianos na maioria das vezes é feita de maneira empírica e indiscriminada, existe a possibilidade de surgimento de bactérias multirresistentes. Desta maneira, nos últimos anos vários esforços foram realizados com intuito de superar o advento da resistência bacteriana e os produtos naturais possuem potencial para isto, dentre estes destacam-se os óleos essenciais de plantas. Visto isso, o presente estudo objetivou isolar e identificar cepas de Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. de amostras da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos sadios e com gengivite. Posteriormente, os isolados foram submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana frente a seis óleos essenciais (OEs): Citrus bergamia (bergamota), Anthemis nobile (camomila romana), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão), Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba), Eugenia caryophyllus (cravo) e Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree ou melaleuca). Os resultados mostraram que Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. estão presentes tanto na cavidade bucal de gatos sadios, quanto em animais com gengivite. Os OEs com melhor efetividade antimicrobiana frente a maioria dos isolados foram capim limão, cravo, melaleuca e camomila romana. Os achados obtidos no presente estudo foram similares a outras investigações anteriores. Já os OEs de copaíba e bergamota não apresentaram nenhuma ação antimicrobiana. As discrepâncias observadas podem ser explicadas, principalmente, pelas diferenças de composição química, de concentração dos compostos químicos, pelo sinergismo entre eles, pela origem fitogeográfica e condições de cultivo da planta utilizada para obtenção dos OEs. / The oral affections in domestic cats are frequent causes of clinical care. These are multifactorial diseases, which etiopathogenesis has not been elucidated yet. However, believes that imbalanced oral microbiota and a immune response local results in the inflammatory process, which in a long term can cause various physical changes in the animal. The oral microbiota is composed of different bacterial genera, among these highlighting Staphylococcus spp. and the Pasteurella spp. The treatment of these affections is based on the use of antimicrobials and anti- inflammatories, but there is a high failure rate. In addition, the choice of antimicrobials is mostly done in a empirical and indiscriminate way, these is a possibility of appearance of multiresistant bacteria. In this way, in the last years several efforts have been made to overcome the advent bacterial resistance and natural products have potential for this. Among there are the essential oils. Then, the present study aimed to isolate and identify strains of Staphylococcus spp. e Pasteurella spp. Of samples of oral cavity of healthy domestic cats and with gingivitis. Posteriorly, the isolates were submmited to the antimicrobial susceptibility test before the six essential oils (EOs): Citrus bergamia (bergamot), Anthemis nobile (roman chamomile), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) e Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree or melaleuca). The results showed that the Staphylococcus spp. and the Pasteurella spp are presented as soon in the oral cavity of healthy cats, as in animals with gingivitis. The EOs with better antimicrobial effectiveness against of the most of the isolates were Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Eugenia caryophyllus (cloves), Melaleuca alternifólia (tea tree or melaleuca) and Anthemis nobile (roman chamomile). The findings obtained in the present study were similar to the others investigations. Then, the EOs of Copaifera officinalis (Copaiba) and Citrus bergamia (bergamot) did not present any antimicrobial action. The discrepancies can be explained, mainly, by differences in the chemical compositions, concentration of chemical compounds, by synergism among them, by phytogeographic origen and conditions of culture of plant utilized to obtain of EOs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Virginia Ines Moreira Marques.pdf: 402541 bytes, checksum: 9dc2c7fd733d6549b6f490619f08dd59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-26 / The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and electroacupuncture on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in cats. Thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were sedated with IM ketamine (5mg/kg), midazolam (0.5mg/kg) and tramadol (2mg/kg). Prior to induction of general anesthesia, the subjects were randomly distributed into three groups of ten cats each: LA: bilateral stomach 36 and spleen 6 acupoints were stimulated with an infrared laser; EA: bilateral stomach 36 and spleen 6 acupoints were stimulated with an electrical stimulus; Control: no acupuncture was applied. Anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane/O2. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated by a blinded assessor at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h following extubation using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and Multidimensional Composite Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2mg/kg), and the pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed using t-tests, the Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences among groups for demographic data or pain scores. Cats in the Control group received significantly more postoperative supplemental analgesia than the LA and EA groups (P = 0.026). In the contexts analyzed, both acupuncture techniques (LA and EA) reduced postoperative analgesic requirements in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. / Objetivou-se comparar a aplicação do laser ao estímulo elétrico em pontos de acupuntura como adjuvante do controle da dor pós-operatória em gatas. Foram avaliadas 30 gatas, encaminhadas para ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH), que foram distribuídas em três grupos de dez animais cada: LA: aplicação de laser infravermelho nos acupontos estômago 36 (E36) e baço-pâncreas 6 (BP6), bilateralmente, durante 9 segundos em cada ponto, antes da indução anestésica; EA: aplicação de estímulo elétrico nos acupontos E36 e BP6, bilateralmente, durante 20 minutos, antes da indução anestésica; Controle: não foram feitos nenhum estímulo com técnicas de acupuntura. Todos os animais foram sedados com a associação de cetamina (5mg kg-1), midazolam (0,5mg kg-1) e tramadol (2mg kg-1), por via intramuscular. Quinze minutos após, foi iniciada a aplicação da acupuntura nos tratamentos LA e EA. A indução e manutenção anestésicas foram realizadas com propofol efeito dose-dependente e isofluorano, respectivamente. No período pós-operatório o grau de analgesia foi mensurado 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 e 24 horas após extubação traqueal utilizando-se a Escala Analógica Visual Interativa e Dinâmica e a Escala de Contagem Variável. O grau de sedação foi avaliado por sistema de escore. A estatística foi feita com análise de variância com aplicação do teste de Tukey (dados paramétricos) e teste de Kruskall-Wallis com pós-teste de Dunn (dados não paramétricos), ao nível de 5% de significância. As variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, os escores de dor e de sedação não diferiram entre os grupos. Todavia, a necessidade de analgesia de resgate no período pós-cirúrgico foi significativamente inferior nos grupos LA e EA em relação ao grupo controle (P=0,0026). A aplicação pré-operatória de laser ou estímulo elétrico em pontos de acupuntura reduz o requerimento de analgesia suplementar pós-operatória em gatas submetidas à OSH.

En la actualidad, las mascotas se han convertido en un integrante más de la familia y su muerte es dolorosa pero inevitable. Hay un incremento de familias que buscan perpetuar, a través de la cremación, el recuerdo de aquel ser que les brindo un amor incondicional. En Lima Metropolitana, aproximadamente el 60% de hogares (1.37 millones) tiene alguna mascota en casa, destacando los perros con un 74% y los gatos un 39%. Debido al crecimiento inmobiliario, estas familias y sus mascotas viven en departamentos o conjuntos habitacionales y no está permitido enterrar en los jardines a sus mascotas. El objetivo de nuestro proyecto es crear un servicio integral de cremación de mascotas que brinde soporte logístico y emocional a las familias durante este proceso de despedida que es tan sensible para ellos. Este servicio integral incluye traslado de familiares desde sus domicilios hacia el velatorio y viceversa, un lugar confortable mientras esperan la urna con diseño personalizado con las cenizas de su mascota, certificado de cremación, grupos de apoyo y visitas a albergues. Para la puesta en marcha del proyecto es necesaria una inversión inicial de S/ 253,741.00, con un financiamiento del 40% con préstamo bancario y un 60% con aporte de los accionistas, donde se estima que el periodo de recuperación de capital será de un año aproximadamente. Por lo que concluimos que, de acuerdo con el estudio realizado, el proyecto Patitas del Recuerdo es económicamente viable. / Currently, pets have become another member of the family and their death is painful but inevitable. There is an increase in families seeking to perpetuate through cremation, the memory of the being that gave them unconditional love. In Lima Metropolitana, approximately 60% of households (1.37 million) have some pets at home, dogs with 74% and cats 39%. Due to the growth of real estate, these families and their pets live in apartments or housing complexes and it is not allowed to bury their pets in the gardens. The goal of our project is to create a comprehensive pet cremation service that provides logistical and emotional support to families during this farewell process that is so sensitive to them. This comprehensive service includes moving family members from their homes to the wake and vice versa, a comfortable place while waiting for the custom-designed urn with their pet's ashes, cremation certificate, support groups and visits to pet shelter. For the start-up of the project, an initial investment of S / 253,741.00 is necessary, with a financing of 40% with bank loan and 60% with contribution from shareholders, where it is estimated that the capital recovery period will be one year approximately. Therefore, we conclude that, according to the study carried out, the Patitas del Recuerdo project is economically viable. / Trabajo de investigación

As afecções renais são frequentes em pequenos animais, especialmente em gatos. O ultrassom Doppler é uma técnica complementar à metodologia convencional com diversas aplicações na avaliação do sistema urinário. A literatura veterinária apresenta uma grande lacuna em relação a estudos determinando os parâmetros de normalidade e suas variações. Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar valores dopplervelocimétricos de referência na avaliação renal em gatos. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com 50 unidades renais de gatos adultos jovens da raça Persa, as quais foram examinadas ao ultrassom Doppler, sendo 13 fêmeas e 12 machos com idade entre 12 e 60 meses. Os animais foram selecionados como hígidos, através de exames laboratoriais, pressão arterial sistólica e ultrassonografia modo-B. Mensurou-se o calibre da aorta (AO) e das artérias renais (AR). Determinaram-se os parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos normais para as artérias renais e interlobares (AI) em cada animal: velocidade de pico sistólico (VPS), aceleração sistólica inicial (ASi) e os índices de resistividade (IR). Para a AO obteve-se VPS 53,17 ± 13,46 cm/s e média de diâmetro de 0,38 ± 0,04 cm. A média do diâmetro da AR foi de 0,15 ± 0,02 cm. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos dados obtidos nas AR e AI entre os lados e entre si. Considerando-se ambas as AR obteve-se a média de VPS 41,17 ± 9,40 cm/s, ASi 1,12 ± 1,14 m/s2 e IR 0,53 ± 0,07. Correlacionando-se os valores de VPS entre AR e AO obteve-se um índice de relação renal/ aorta com média de 0,82 ± 0,30 e um valor normal máximo de 1,52. Nas AI obteve-se VPS 31 ± 9 cm/s e IR 0,52 ± 0,07. Correlacionandose os valores de VPS entre AR e AI obteve-se um índice de relação renal/interlobar com um valor máximo de 3,5. Foram estabelecidos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos normais do rim em gatos Persa e um índice renal/aórtico e renal/interlobar semelhante ao utilizado em humanos para monitorar alterações hemodinâmicas renais. Estes resultados podem balizar o início de outros estudos para determinar se a idade e outras condições clínicas ocasionam efeito nestes valores / Renal diseases are usual in small animals, especially in cats. Doppler ultrasound is a complementary tool for conventional method with several indications evaluates urinary system. There are few articles in veterinary literature studying normal parameters. This study has a goal to determine dopplervelocimetrics values for renal evaluation. Prospective study was made performing Doppler ultrasound exams of fifty renal units of adult Persian cats. The animals were classified as healthy by means of laboratorial exams, measurement of arterial systolic pressure and B-mode ultrasonography. Aortic (AA) and renal (RA) arteries diameters were measured. Normal Doppler velocimetric parameters were evaluated for renal and interlobar arteries (IA) of each animal: maximal systolic blood flow velocity (MSV), initial systolic acceleration of blood flow (ISA) and resistivity index (RI). Renal arterial diameter was 0.15 ± 0.02 cm. It was calculated aorta VPS 53.17 ± 13.46 cm/s and diameter of 0.38 ± 0.04 cm. It was not observed any statistical significant difference between the sides or arteries themselves. Considering both renal arteries it was calculated MSV 41.17 ± 9.40 cm/s, ISA 1.12 ± 1.14 m/s2 and RI 0.54 ± 0.07. Correlation of velocities of renal artery and aorta resulted in a renal/aortic ratio of 0.82 ± 0.30 and with 1.52 as maximal normal value. It was calculated for all interlobar arteries MSV 31 ± 9 cm/s and RI 0.52 ± 0.07. Correlation of velocities of renal and interlobar arteries resulted in a renal/interlobar ratio with 3.5 as maximal normal value. Normal dopplervelocimetric parameters of renal vasculature and an index renal-aortic ratio and renal-interlobar ratio were established in Persian cats similar as used in humans to monitorizing renal hemodynamic changes. These results may provide the starting of further studies to determine if age and others clinical conditions have an effect on these values

O projeto educativo \"Para Viver de Bem com os Bichos\" foi implantado nas Unidades Educacionais do Município de São Paulo em 2002, destinado à difusão e promoção do conceito da posse responsável de animais de estimação, em especial de cães e gatos e desde então, trabalhou com professores de 1.605 escolas da cidade. O presente estudo foi delineado para analisar a dinâmica do processo educativo, verificar o impacto da metodologia empregada e o papel do professor como multiplicador no repasse das informações que compõem o projeto oferecido no ano de 2008. No primeiro momento foram avaliados os professores (G1) e em seguida os professores multiplicadores (G2) nas respectivas unidades de ensino. As avaliações foram feitas com a utilização de questões abertas e para a análise das respostas obtidas, utilizou-se o teste de McNemar. O conhecimento prévio dos professores sobre a posse responsável de animais de estimação mostrou-se insatisfatório quanto aos principais cuidados com animais, zoonoses e sua prevenção, cuidados pré e pós-agressão, método de controle reprodutivo e sua justificativa. O curso proporcionou a aquisição de conhecimento sobre os temas abordados, mas não foi suficiente para garantir a ação dos professores capacitados como instrumentos de repasse de informação técnica do projeto em sua unidade de ensino. Devem ser criados mecanismos de acompanhamento do desempenho do professor multiplicador em suas unidades de trabalho. Recomenda-se que políticas públicas sejam estabelecidas para facilitar a atividade educativa e diminuir os problemas que inviabilizam a possibilidade da teoria ser aplicada na prática. / The educative project \"How to live well with the animals\" was introduced in the Educational Units of the São Paulo Municipal District, in 2002, destined to diffusion and promotion of the concept of responsible pets ownership, in special dogs and cats and since then, it has worked with teachers of 1.605 schools of the city. The current study was written to analyze the dynamics of the educational process, to verify the impact of the used methodology and the role of the teacher as a multiplier in the repass of the information that make the project offered in the year of 2008. At the first moment the teachers evaluated (G1) and in the sequence the multiplier teachers (G2) in the respective teaching units. The evaluations were made with the use of open questions and for the analysis of the answers obtained they used the test of McNemar. The previous knowledge of the teachers about responsible possession of pets showed itself not satisfactory about the main cares with animals, diseases and its preventions, cares before and after aggression, method of reproductive control and its justifications. The course has promoted the acquisition of knowledge about the themes treated, but it was not enough to guarantee the action of the qualified teachers as the instruments for repassing the technical information of the project in their teaching units. Mechanisms to follow-up the performance of the multiplex teachers in the working units must be created. It is recommended that the public policies be established to facilitate the educational activities in order to diminish the problems that make unviable the application of the theory in the practice.

One Eyed Suze is an animated, anthology series that follows One Eyed Suze, former leader of the Loco Litter, after she is betrayed and left for dead by her own. She's rescued by a dimwitted rancher named Elliot and they embark on a journey of revenge and redemption.

Orientador: Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto / Resumo: A doença do trato urinário inferior de felinos (DTUIF) corresponde a uma série de afecções que podem acometer a bexiga e a uretra desses animais. A forma obstrutiva é a consequência mais prevalente e mais grave dentre outras DTUIF, podendo levar o animal a azotemia pós-renal, redução da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e a lesão renal aguda (LRA), que caso não seja tratada de forma eficiente, pode evoluir para doença renal crônica (DRC), uma doença frequente na população geriátrica felina. A creatinina sérica (sCr) é o biomarcador de TFG mais utilizado na clínica veterinária, porém apresenta baixa sensibilidade e diversos fatores que podem afetar seus valores. A dimetilarginina simétrica (SDMA) é um biomarcador mais recente na medicina veterinária que vem apresentado maior precocidade na detecção da perda da função renal e menor interferência de fatores extrarrenais, porém poucos são os trabalhos que determinam valores de SDMA em lesão renal de gatos. Este trabalho visou avaliar os valores de SDMA e compará-los com a sCr, ureia, dados hemogasométricos, escore clínico e tempo de obstrução de gatos com DTUIF obstrutiva. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos experimentais, sendo 17 animais do grupo obstruído (GO) e 13 animais sadios para grupo controle (GC). As amostras foram coletadas antes da desobstrução (M0) e durante o tratamento clínico, nos momentos 12, 24 e 48 horas (M12, M24 e M48). Resultados obtidos demonstraram que no M48 do GO, 50% dos gatos obstruídos apresent... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a series of conditions that can affect the bladder and urethra of these animals. The obstructive form is the most prevalent and most serious consequence among other FLUTD, which can lead to post-renal azotemia and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and acute kidney injury (AKI), which if not treated effectively, can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common disease in the feline geriatric population. Serum creatinine (sCr) is the biomarker of GFR most commonly used in veterinary pratice, but it has low sensitivity and there are several factors that may affect its values. Symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a newer biomarker in veterinary medicine that has been shown to be more precocious in detecting loss of renal function and less interference of extrarenal factors, but there are few studies determining SDMA values in feline kidney injury. This work aimed to evaluate SDMA values and to correlate them with sCr, urea, hemogasometric data, clinical score and duration of obstruction of felines with obstructive DTUIF. The animals were allocated into two experimental groups, 17 animals from the obstructed group (GO) and 13 healthy animals for control group (GC). Samples were collected before clearance (M0) and during clinical treatment at 12, 24 and 48 hours (M12, M24 and M48). The results obtained were that in GO M48, 50% of obstructed cats had SDMA values above normal, while for sCr only 29.41% of cats were elevated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Gillar du katter lika mycket som vi gör? I denna studie har vi genom bilder och captions(bildtext) studerat hur en del katter porträtteras på Instagram och på vilka sätt. Detta har gjortutifrån teorier som bland annat identitetsbegreppet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersökahur katter porträtteras och förmänskligas på Instagram och därmed inhämta ny kunskap inomområdet djursociologi. Vi har undersökt 10 olika kattkonton som är olika stora och från dessakonton har vi skapat en bildsamling med 80 bilder från Instagram med tillhörande captions.Metoden vi har använt är en kvalitativ visuell metod av bilder och text, samt multimodal analys.Detta för att denna analysform tillåtit oss att bryta ner bilder och texter till mer analyserbarakomponenter. Vi har stöttat oss på teorier av bland andra Trost och Levin, Irvine, Sanders,Haraway och Carter &amp; Charles. Vad gäller analysen såg vi många olika sätt på vilka katterförmänskligas och får en identitet. Detta kunde ske bland annat genom symbolik, agens,emotioner, klädsel och rekvisita samt i vissa fall på de sätt som bilderna är tagna på. Vi kundeäven se olika former av mänskliga handlingar och poser som katterna gör på bilderna, att degör något särskilt mänskligt. Vår slutsats är att katter i samhället idag har förmänskligats, fåtten status som personer och anses ha en egen identitet.

Worldwide, pesticides are applied to protect crops against insects, fungi and other parasites. Without these chemicals it would not be possible to produce sufficient food to satisfy the demand of an ever-increasing world population. Unfortunately, many cases of accidental and intentional poisoning of humans and animals occur and the objectives of this study were to obtain statistics of aldicarb poisoning in companion animals in Gauteng Province and to evaluate hydroxypropyl-<font face="symbol">b</font>-cyclodextrin as a potential treatment. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior. The interior cavity is capable of complexing fat-soluble molecules small enough to fit inside. Aldicarb is moderately lipid-soluble, non-ionized and of low molecular weight and thus fits all criteria for complexation with cyclodextrin. Questionnaires were posted to all private practitioners in Gauteng. The survey was designed to determine the percentage of aldicarb cases seen, clinical signs observed, treatment regimen, proposals for preventative actions and more effective treatments. Other questions included duration of treatment, survival rate, cost to client, post-mortem findings and reasons for poisonings. Thirty-four percent of respondants indicated the total number of all clinical cases presented at their practices during 2003. The percentage of suspected aldicarb cases as a proportion of all cases ranged from 0.05 - 2.6 % for dogs and 0.09 - 3.33 % for cats. Only 26.5 % of practitioners sometimes submitted samples for laboratory confirmation of aldicarb poisoning. Salivation and tremors were the most common clinical signs observed by private practitioners and the majority of suspected poisoning cases were treated with atropine, intravenous fluid and electrolyte therapy and the oral administration of activated charcoal. Thirty-three respondents thought that there was an increase in the number of aldicarb cases, but 35 felt there was no increase during 2003. Fifteen respondents were reluctant to venture an opinion. Most veterinarians indicated that criminal intent was the main reason why animals were poisoned and 95 % of respondents reported that it occurred throughout the year, but an increased incidence was observed during holiday periods.Survival times in the majority of rats dosed with aldicarb and receiving intravenous cyclodextrin were longer, compared to the control rats only dosed with aldicarb per os. Rats receiving cyclodextrin immediately before aldicarb, survived longer when compared to rats, which received aldicarb prior to cyclodextrin. / Dissertation (MSc (Paraclinical Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Paraclinical Sciences / unrestricted