Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-02T12:12:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_GENO.final.pdf: 2568933 bytes, checksum: 07252a154299b7fc86a5efe776f3f730 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-24T11:02:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_GENO.final.pdf: 2568933 bytes, checksum: 07252a154299b7fc86a5efe776f3f730 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:05:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_GENO.final.pdf: 2568933 bytes, checksum: 07252a154299b7fc86a5efe776f3f730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: According to the literature, cesarean delivery represents an obstacle to breastfeeding in the first hours of life and is one of the factors for early weaning. One of the hypotheses to explain these findings is that the production of breast milk may be insufficient in the first hours after a cesarean section. However, the way by which delivery route affects the onset of breastfeeding is not clearly established. Objective: To compare the volume of breast milk at 12 and at 36 hours in puerperal women after normal delivery and cesarean section. Method: Cross-sectional study with quantitative analysis and non probabilistic convenience sampling. All the puerperae (and their newborns) with a singleton pregnancy of 38 to 42 weeks, whose delivery occurred from 8 pm to midnight between September 2016 and January 2017 were eligible for the study. They were divided into two groups, one of post normal delivery and the other of post cesarean section. Breast milk was collected at 12 and 36 hours postpartum with an electric breast pump, and its volume was based on the weight verified in a scale with 0.01 g precision. In addition to the way of delivery and the breast milk volume, variables included time of onset of breastfeeding and maternal as well as newborn characteristics. Results: Seventy-four puerperae were included in the normal delivery group and 26 in the cesarean section group. Both groups were similar for maternal and newborn characteristics. The median volume of milk collected at 12 hours was 0.90 mL (interquartile range 0.28-1.73 mL) in the normal delivery group, and 1.36 mL (interquartile range 0.36-2.91 mL ) in the cesarean section group (p=0.127). The median volume of milk collected at 36 hours was higher in the cesarean section group (4.23 mL, interquartile range 3.05-5.00 mL) than in the normal delivery group (3.22 mL, interquartile range 2.60-4.11 mL) (p=0.025). Regarding the time elapsed between delivery and the first feeding, no differences in milk volume were observed at both 12 and 36 hours in either group. When only cesarean deliverers were evaluated, there was no difference in milk volume between those with labor and no labor at 12 hours (p=0,411) or at 36 hours (p=0681). Conclusion: There was no difference in the volume of milk produced at 12 hours postpartum by puerperae with full term gestation, between the normal and cesarean delivery groups. At 36 hours postpartum, milk volume was higher in the cesarean section group, however the small difference was considered clinically irrelevant. / Introdu??o: Conforme a literatura, o parto ces?reo representa um empecilho para a amamenta??o nas primeiras horas de vida e ? um dos fatores do desmame precoce. Uma das hip?teses para explicar esses fatores ? que a produ??o de leite materno possa ser insuficiente nas primeiras horas ap?s uma cesariana. Entretanto, o modo pelo qual a via de parto afeta o in?cio da amamenta??o n?o est? claramente estabelecido. Objetivo: Comparar o volume do leite produzido as 12 e ?s 36 horas p?s-parto, em pu?rperas de parto normal e parto ces?reo. M?todo: Estudo transversal com an?lise quantitativa e amostragem n?o probabil?stica de conveni?ncia. Foram eleg?veis para o estudo todas as pu?rperas (e seus rec?m-nascidos) com gesta??o ?nica de 38 a 42 semanas, cujo parto ocorreu no hor?rio das 20h ?s 24h entre setembro de 2016 e janeiro de 2017. As pu?rperas foram divididas em dois grupos, um p?s-parto normal e o outro p?s-cesariana. O leite materno foi coletado com um aparelho de ordenha el?trico, as 12 e ?s 36 horas p?s-parto, e o seu volume foi baseado no peso verificado em uma balan?a com precis?o de 0,01 g. Al?m da via de parto e do volume de leite materno, as vari?veis inclu?ram momento de in?cio do aleitamento, caracter?sticas maternas e do neonato. Resultados: Foram inclu?das 74 pu?rperas no grupo parto normal e 26 no grupo parto ces?reo. Ambos os grupos foram semelhantes quanto ?s caracter?sticas maternas e dos rec?m-nascidos. A mediana do volume de leite coletado ?s 12 horas foi de 0,90 mL (intervalo interquartil 0,28-1,73 mL) no grupo parto normal, e de 1,36 mL (intervalo interquartil 0,36-2,91 mL) no grupo cesariana (p=0,127). A mediana do volume de leite coletado ?s 36 horas foi maior no grupo cesariana (4,23 mL, intervalo interquartil 3,05-5,00 mL) do que no grupo parto normal (3,22 mL, intervalo interquartil 2,60-4,11 mL) (p=0,025). Em rela??o ao tempo transcorrido entre o parto e a primeira mamada, n?o foram observadas diferen?as no volume de leite, tanto ?s 12, como ?s 36 horas, em nenhum dos dois grupos. Quando avaliadas somente as pu?rperas de parto ces?reo, n?o houve diferen?a no volume de leite ?s 12 horas (p=0,411) nem ?s 36 horas (p=0,681) entre aquelas com trabalho de parto e sem trabalho de parto. Conclus?o: N?o houve diferen?a no volume de leite produzido ?s 12 horas p?s-parto pelas pu?rperas com gesta??o a termo, entre os grupos parto normal e cesariana. Na coleta das 36 horas p?s-parto, o volume de leite foi maior no grupo cesariana, entretanto a pequena diferen?a foi considerada clinicamente irrelevante.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-12T13:23:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468409 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 238946 bytes, checksum: 6a25850d96d7aa7cb5d5aca9f7acb414 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-12T13:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468409 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 238946 bytes, checksum: 6a25850d96d7aa7cb5d5aca9f7acb414 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / INTRODUCTION : Breast changes can have a significant impact on breastfeeding success. In Brazil the prevalence of breast surgery is higher among the population of private health system users. Another risk factor that can interfere in successful breastfeeding in these patients is the high rate of cesarean birth, which in turn may be associated with nipple trauma.OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of breast surgery and other breast changes on breastfeeding success in patients undergoing elective cesarean section at a private hospital.METHODS : We included in the study newborns undergoing elective cesarean section equal to or greater than 37 weeks' gestation. Data were obtained from hospital records, interviews with the mothers during their stay in the maternity ward and via telephone at the end of the second week and three months after delivery. The variables were gestational age, presence of partners, number of pregnancies, type of nipple, previous breastfeeding, pain during breastfeeding, complementary prescription, silicone breast implants, breast reduction surgery, and bleeding nipples fissures. A logistic regression model was adjusted considering exclusive breastfeeding response at three months as a variable and as dependent variables those significant at the 30% level in previous analysis.RESULTS : The study sample consisted of 1117 newborns and their mothers whose deliveries occurred consecutively and met the inclusion criteria. Of the 1117 mothers, 741 (66.34%) had exclusive breastfeeding at three months of life. All the variables studied represented significant risk factors for the lack of exclusive breastfeeding at three months, except pain during breastfeeding and presence of cracks. In multivariate analysis, the variables that remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors were use of food supplements in the first 24 hours of life (odds ratio [OR] 2.11, confidence interval [CI] 1.62 95% 2.75); flat nipple (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.65); silicone breast implant (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.85); and breast reduction surgery (OR 5.65, 95% CI 2.92 to 10.85).CONCLUSIONS : In this population of patients undergoing elective cesarean section in a private health service, breast surgeries, especially breast reduction, were important risk factors for the absence of exclusive breastfeeding at three months postpartum. Another important risk factor for early weaning was the type of flat nipples. / INTRODU??O : Altera??es da mama podem ter impacto significativo sobre o sucesso da amamenta??o. No Brasil, na popula??o usu?ria do sistema privado de sa?de, a preval?ncia de cirurgias mam?rias ? alta. Outro fator de risco que pode interferir no sucesso da amamenta??o nessas pacientes ? a alta taxa de parto ces?reo, que por sua vez pode estar associado a traumas mamilares.OBJETIVOS : O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influ?ncia da cirurgia mam?ria e de outras altera??es da mama no sucesso da amamenta??o em pacientes submetidas ? cesariana eletiva em um hospital privado.M?TODOS : Foram inclu?dos no estudo rec?m-nascidos por cesariana eletiva, com idade gestacional igual ou maior que 37 semanas. Os dados foram obtidos do prontu?rio hospitalar, de entrevistas com as m?es durante a estadia na maternidade e por contatos telef?nicos no final da segunda semana e tr?s meses ap?s o parto. As vari?veis em estudo foram idade gestacional, presen?a de companheiro, n?mero de gesta??es, tipo de mamilo, amamenta??o pr?via, dor durante a amamenta??o, prescri??o de complemento, implante de silicone de mama, cirurgia de redu??o mam?ria, fissura mam?ria e sangramento mam?rio. Um modelo de regress?o log?stica foi ajustado tendo como vari?vel de resposta amamenta??o exclusiva aos tr?s meses e como vari?veis dependentes as significativas ao n?vel de 30% nas an?lises anteriores.RESULTADOS : A amostra do estudo foi composta por 1117 rec?m-nascidos e suas m?es, cujos partos ocorreram de forma consecutiva e que atendiam aos crit?rios de inclus?o. Das 1117 m?es, 741 (66,34%) mantiveram amamenta??o exclusiva aos tr?s meses de vida. Todas as vari?veis estudadas representaram fatores de risco significativos para aus?ncia de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos tr?s meses, exceto dor durante a amamenta??o e presen?a de fissuras. Na an?lise multivariada, as vari?veis que se mantiveram significativas ap?s o ajuste para fatores de confus?o foram uso de complemento alimentar nas primeiras 24 horas de vida (odds ratio [OR] 2,11, intervalo de confian?a [IC] 95% 1,62-2,75); mamilo plano (OR 2,40, IC95% 1,58-3,65); implante de silicone mam?rio (OR 1,88, IC95% 1,24-2,85); e cirurgia de redu??o de mama (OR 5,65, IC95% 2,92-10,85).CONCLUS?ES : Nessa popula??o de pacientes usu?rias do sistema privado de sa?de, submetidas a parto ces?reo, as cirurgias mam?rias, especialmente a redu??o de mama, foram importantes fatores de risco para aus?ncia de amamenta??o exclusiva aos tr?s meses p?s-parto. Outro importante fator de risco para desmame precoce foi o mamilo do tipo plano.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 464697.pdf: 879216 bytes, checksum: 37696acdb93f5257a99df54817b38653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Background and aims: Studies show that offering supplementary formula to the newborn interferes with the maintenance of breastfeeding. However, these studies did not select only term infants born by elective cesarean section. It is important to know the characteristics of this population of newborns to ensure that they are exposed to the same effects of supplement feedings observed in newborns in general. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of formula supplement in newborns at term undergoing elective cesarean section. Methods: A cohort study including newborns at term and their mothers, whose deliveries occurred by elective cesarean section at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, a private general hospital located in Porto Alegre city, in South Brazil, was conducted from October 2011 to April 2013. Initial data were obtained from medical records of newborns and through interviews with mothers in the recovery room. Follow-up was done by telephone contact with each mother, at the end of the second week of life, in the third month, and in the sixth month after birth. The proportion of infants who had a food supplement prescribed in the first prescription was evaluated, as well as the use of supplement before and / or after the first 24 hours of life. The chi-square test was performed with the respective residue analysis. To obtain the effects corrected for the influence of other variables, a model of logistic regression was adjusted, having as response variables "exclusive breastfeeding at three months" and "breastfeeding at six months," and as dependent variables those significant at the 30% level in previous analyzes. Quality of fit and significance of the logistic model were verified using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Significance of the coefficients of the model was verified by the Wald statistics, and those significant at the 5% level were kept in the model. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0. Results: At all 964 pairs mother / baby were studied, whose median maternal age was 32 years (from 29.5 to 35.5, min., 18 max. 40th). Nineteen (1.9%) mothers started breastfeeding already in the delivery room, and 936 (97.0%) started in the recovery room. In the first prescription, 811 (84.1%) newborns had already formula supplement prescribed, however only 467 (48.5%) actually received it. Of the 964 mothers, 675 (70.0%) were breastfeeding exclusively in the third month. At six months, 781 (81.0%) mothers were still breastfeeding, but 868 (90.0%) had already introduced other foods, and 737 (76.4%) were already working. Infants that were fully breastfeeding at three months comprised: 386/497 (77.7%) infants who never received supplementation; 289/467 (61.8%) who received in-hospital formula at some point (p<0.001); 146/246 (56.9%) who received supplementation before 24 hours of life (P<0.001); and 242/396 who received supplementation after 24 hours of life (P<0.001). After multivariate analysis, it was found that supplement use before 24 hours of life and supplement use after 24 hours of life remained associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding at three months (p=0.001 and p=0.003 respectively). Conclusions: In this population of babies born by elective caesarean section, even with a good breastfeeding success rate, use of formula supplement in the first hours of life was strongly associated with reduction in exclusive breastfeeding at three months. It should be emphasized the importance of a very careful decision to use supplementation and prescription of formula feedings to newborn infants, as well as the need for justifying the decision in the hospital records. / Introdu??o e objetivos: Estudos mostram que oferecer complemento alimentar ao rec?m-nascido interfere com a manuten??o do aleitamento materno. Entretanto, esses estudos n?o selecionaram somente beb?s a termo nascidos por cesariana eletiva. ? importante conhecer as particularidades dessa popula??o de rec?m-nascidos e verificar se est?o expostos aos mesmos efeitos da complementa??o alimentar observados nos rec?m-nascidos em geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do complemento alimentar sobre o aleitamento materno, em rec?m-nascidos a termo submetidos ? cesariana eletiva. M?todos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte incluindo rec?m-nascidos a termo e suas m?es, cujos partos ocorreram por ces?rea eletiva no Hospital Moinhos de Vento, um hospital geral particular localizado em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no per?odo de outubro de 2011 a abril de 2013. Os dados iniciais foram obtidos dos prontu?rios dos rec?m-nascidos e mediante entrevistas com as m?es na sala de recupera??o. O seguimento foi feito por contato telef?nico com cada m?e, ao final da segunda semana de vida, no terceiro m?s e no sexto m?s ap?s o nascimento. Foi avaliada a propor??o de rec?m-nascidos que tiveram o complemento alimentar prescrito na primeira prescri??o, assim como a utiliza??o de complemento antes e/ou ap?s as primeiras 24 horas de vida. Foi realizado o teste de associa??o qui-quadrado, com a respectiva an?lise de res?duos. Para a obten??o dos efeitos corrigidos pela influ?ncia das demais vari?veis, um modelo de regress?o log?stica foi ajustado tendo como vari?veis de resposta amamenta??o exclusiva aos tr?s meses e "amamentando aos seis meses, e vari?veis dependentes aquelas significativas ao n?vel de 30% nas an?lises anteriores. A qualidade do ajuste e a signific?ncia do modelo log?stico foram verificadas atrav?s do teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow. A signific?ncia dos coeficientes do modelo foi verificada atrav?s da estat?stica de Wald e foram mantidos aqueles significativos ao n?vel de 5%. Os dados foram analisados com o aux?lio do programa SPSS vers?o 17.0. Resultados: Foram estudados 964 pares m?e/beb?, cuja mediana de idade materna foi de 32 anos (29,5-35,5, m?n. 18, m?x. 40), sendo que 19 (1,9%) come?aram a amamentar j? na sala de partos e 936 (97,0%) iniciaram na sala de recupera??o. Na primeira prescri??o, 811 (84,1%) rec?m-nascidos j? tinham complemento alimentar prescrito, entretanto somente 467 (48,5%) efetivamente o receberam. Das 964 m?es, 675 (70,0%) estavam amamentando exclusivamente ao seio no terceiro m?s. Com seis meses, 781 (81,0%) ainda estavam amamentando, por?m 868 (90,0%) j? haviam introduzido outros alimentos, e 737 (76,4%) j? estavam trabalhando. Estavam com aleitamento materno exclusivo aos tr?s meses: 386/497 (77,7%) beb?s que nunca receberam complemento; 289/467 (61,8%) que receberam complemento em algum momento (p<0,001); 146/246 (56,9%) que receberam complemento antes de 24 horas de vida (p<0,001); e 242/396 que receberam complemento ap?s as 24 horas de vida (p<0,001). Ap?s an?lise multivariada, verificou-se que uso de complemento antes das 24 horas de vida e uso de complemento ap?s as 24 horas de vida mantiveram associa??o com aus?ncia de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos tr?s meses (p=0,001 e p=0,003 respectivamente). Conclus?es: Nesta popula??o de beb?s nascidos por cesariana eletiva, mesmo com um bom ?ndice de sucesso na amamenta??o, a utiliza??o do complemento alimentar nas primeiras horas de vida foi fortemente associada ? redu??o da amamenta??o exclusiva aos tr?s meses. Salienta-se a import?ncia de que a prescri??o e a decis?o de uso de complemento para os rec?m-nascidos devam ser bastante criteriosas e justificadas nos registros hospitalares dos pacientes.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-11-09T10:23:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_MENNA_BARRETO_SILVEIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 882195 bytes, checksum: 4e9eed2bd20f440884bd27fcba9fbdfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T10:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_MENNA_BARRETO_SILVEIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 882195 bytes, checksum: 4e9eed2bd20f440884bd27fcba9fbdfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Recent data from scientific literature show low exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in the world, and diversity in the factors that influence it. However, the number of studies about the power of pediatricians and their interventions on duration of EBF is still limited. Objective: To determine the influence of the pediatrician and their interventions on the success of EBF at 3 and 6 months of age in full-term newborns (FNT), undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Methods: A cohort study in a private hospital in Brazil. Questionnaires to mothers at discharge, at 7 days, 3 and 6 months of life were applied. At the day of discharge, the contact was in person, while the following steps was by phone calling. To evaluate the association between categorical variables, chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact were used. Results: The final sample consisted of 907 mother-baby pairs, assisted by 32 pediatricians. The influence of the pediatrician was significant in EBF at 3 months of age (p=0.001). The prevalence of complement in the first prescription varied significantly among pediatricians (31.6% to 100%, p <0.001) and was negatively associated with the EBF at 3 months (p=0.003). When comparing the prevalence of the use of bottles and pacifiers at the first 7 days of life, among the pediatricians, there was a significant difference (p=0.005). The use of pacifiers at 7 days and 3 months was negatively associated with the EBF at 3 months (p<0.001). FNTs who used a bottle at 7 days showed lower prevalence of EBF until sixth month of life. Conclusion: This study provides evidences about the influence of the pediatrician in the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding at third month of life. This reinforces the need to improve their knowledge, attitudes and practices on breastfeeding. / Dados recentes da literatura cient?fica mostram baixas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) no Brasil e no mundo, al?m de uma grande diversidade nos fatores que o influenciam. Contudo, o n?mero de estudos sobre o poder de atua??o do pediatra e suas interven??es na dura??o do AME ainda ? limitado. Objetivo: Verificar a influ?ncia do pediatra e suas interven??es no sucesso do AME aos tr?s e seis meses de vida, em rec?m-nascidos (RNs) a termo, submetidos ? cesariana eletiva. Me?todos: Estudo de coorte, em um hospital privado do Brasil. Foram aplicados question?rios ?s m?es na alta, aos 7 dias, 3 e 6 meses de vida. No dia da alta, o contato foi presencial, enquanto nas etapas seguintes foi telef?nico. Para avaliar a associa??o entre as vari?veis categ?ricas, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por 907 duplas m?es-beb?s, assistidas por 32 pediatras. A influ?ncia do pediatra foi significativa no AME aos 3 meses de vida do beb? (p=0,001). A preval?ncia de complemento na 1? prescri??o variou significativamente entre os pediatras (de 31,6% a 100%; p<0,001) e esteve associada negativamente com o AME aos 3 meses (p=0,003). Quando comparadas as preval?ncias de uso de mamadeira e chupeta aos 7 dias, entre os pediatras, houve diferen?a significativa (p=0,005). O uso de chupeta aos 7 dias e 3 meses associou-se ao insucesso do AME no 3? m?s de vida (p<0,001). RNs que utilizaram mamadeira aos 7 dias apresentaram preval?ncias de AME mais baixas at? o 6? m?s de vida. Conclus?o: Este estudo fornece evid?ncias sobre a influ?ncia do pediatra e suas interven??es na preval?ncia e dura??o do AME no terceiro m?s de vida. Isso refor?a a necessidade de aprimorar seus conhecimentos, atitudes e pr?ticas sobre a amamenta??o.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-04T21:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAIENE-ROSA-GOMES-Disserta??o-VERS?O-FINAL.pdf: 966973 bytes, checksum: 1e27e5956e56ed34c52950b749b981c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-04T21:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAIENE-ROSA-GOMES-Disserta??o-VERS?O-FINAL.pdf: 966973 bytes, checksum: 1e27e5956e56ed34c52950b749b981c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Background: Obesity in children is a public health problem of great magnitude. In recent decades, there has been increasing rates of caesarean sections and obesity, and might have a possible causal relationship between the two events. Objective: To assess the association between cesarean section delivery and overweight at six years of age in a city in northeastern Brazil. Methods: This is a birth cohort conducted with 672 children followed in home visits until the sixth year of age. The outcome variable was overweight obtained by body mass index by age and the main independent variable was cesarean delivery. Were evaluated as covariates: gender; birth weight (<2500g, ?2500g); duration of breastfeeding (<12 months ?12 months); calories intake at 72 months (<1935 kcal, ?1935 kcal); physical activity at school; means of transport to go to school; maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy; family income (?1 minimum wage, ? 2 minimum wages); maternal schooling; maternal overweight and maternal work. The association of caesarean delivery and overweight was estimated by logistic regression analysis, with the significance level of 5% and its respective 95% confidence interval. Results: Overweight was present in 36.6% of children born by cesarean section compared with 20.2% of those born by vaginal delivery. The association between overweight and cesarean delivery remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.61; 3.22). Conclusion: The results support the assumption that the birth by cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of overweight in childhood. Pregnant women should be warned about the increased risk of being overweight for those children born by cesarean delivery. / INTRUDU??O: Recentemente, o tipo de parto ganhou aten??o como potencial fator de risco para a obesidade na inf?ncia. Acredita-se que diferen?as na composi??o da microbiota intestinal das crian?as nascidas por parto ces?reo e vaginal contribui para o incremento da obesidade, pressuposto questionado por alguns pesquisadores. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associa??o entre o nascimento por parto ces?reo e o excesso de peso aos seis anos de idade, na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia. M?TODOS: Trata-se de uma coorte de nascidos vivos. Foram acompanhados 672 crian?as, em visitas domiciliares, at? o sexto ano. A vari?vel desfecho foi o excesso de peso obtido pelo IMC/idade e a vari?vel independente principal o parto ces?reo. Foram avaliadas como co-vari?veis: sexo; peso ao nascer (<2500g, ?2500g); dura??o do aleitamento materno (<12 meses, ?12 meses); consumo alimentar aos 72 meses (<1935 kcal, ?1935 kcal); atividade f?sica na escola; meio de transporte para ir ? escola; ganho excessivo de peso durante a gesta??o; renda familiar (?1 sal?rio m?nimo, ? 2 sal?rios m?nimos); escolaridade materna; excesso de peso materno e trabalho fora do lar. A an?lise utilizada foi a regress?o log?stica, considerando o n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% e o intervalo de confian?a de 95%. RESULTADOS: O excesso de peso esteve presente em 36.6% das crian?as nascidas por parto ces?reo em compara??o com 20.2% daquelas nascidas por parto vaginal. A associa??o entre excesso de peso e parto ces?reo manteve-se estatisticamente significante ap?s o ajuste pelas vari?veis confundidoras (OR=1.96; IC 95% 1.61, 3.22). CONCLUS?O: Os resultados refor?am o pressuposto de que o nascimento por parto ces?reo est? associado a um aumento de risco de excesso de peso na inf?ncia. As gestantes devem ser alertadas quanto ao maior risco de excesso de peso para aquelas crian?as nascidas por cesariana.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:17:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T12:50:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T12:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Introdu??o: A opera??o cesariana atualmente vem se tornando cada dia mais frequente em todo o mundo. Vem sendo realizada sem reais indica??es, aumentando a sua preval?ncia e podendo levar a riscos desnecess?rios, tanto para a m?e quanto para o beb?. V?rios s?o os fatores que podem estar associados a essa crescente taxa, mas estes s?o pouco explorados sobre a ?tica das regi?es brasileiras. Objetivo: Estimar a preval?ncia e fatores associados ?s ces?reas no contexto das regi?es brasileiras. Metodologia: Foi realizado um recorte do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa?de ? PNS, um estudo de base domiciliar, de ?mbito nacional, realizada pelo IBGE em parceria com o Minist?rio da Sa?de em 2013. Foram inclu?dos dados de mulheres com idade entre 18 a 49 anos, totalizando 16.175 registros de mulheres que estiveram gr?vidas e pariram em alguma vez na vida. Foi realizada a an?lise descritiva das vari?veis de interesse, an?lise por meio do teste de Qui-Quadrado e a regress?o log?stica para estimar a magnitude da associa??o entre as vari?veis e o parto ces?rea. Foi adotado um n?vel de signific?ncia ou p valor < 0,05. Resultados: A preval?ncia no Brasil de parto ces?rea foi de 53,03%. Com o passar dos anos (1974- 2013), houve aumento de chances de ter esse tipo de parto principalmente no Nordeste (2,21, IC95: 1,4 ? 3,4) e Sul (2,75, IC95: 1,4 ? 5,2). Referente ? assist?ncia privada em sa?de, as mulheres que possu?am plano de sa?de tiveram 3 vezes mais chances de realizar ces?rea (IC95: 1,6 ? 5,3) que ?s que n?o tem plano de sa?de (1,4, IC95: 1,0 ? 2,0), assim como as que apresentaram hipertens?o arterial (2,77, IC95: 1,5 ? 4,8), problema cr?nico de coluna (2,0, IC95:1,01 ? 4,05). Relativo ? idade da primeira gesta??o e da menarca, foi observado que mulheres que apresentavam idade maior que 20 anos na primeira gravidez apresentaram 2 vezes mais chances (IC95: 1,2 ? 3,3) e as que a idade da menarca foi maior ou igual a 12 anos 1,7 vezes mais chances (IC95: 1,2 ? 2,3). Al?m disso, mulheres que autorreferiam sua sa?de como boa tiveram 1,8 vezes (IC95: 1,2 ? 2,6) e as com maiores n?veis de escolaridade tiveram 2,05 vezes (IC95: 1,2 ? 3,3) mais chances de ter ces?rea, destacando as das regi?es Norte e Sul, enquanto que no Nordeste, esta probabilidade aumentou independentemente do n?vel de escolaridade. Conclus?o: A taxa de ces?reas no Brasil permanece alta e os fatores associados como o ano do ?ltimo parto, grau de escolaridade, a idade materna na primeira gravidez, da menarca, sa?de autorreferida, parecem contribuir para o aumento dessa preval?ncia, tendendo a se comportarem distintamente entre as regi?es do pa?s. / Introduction: Caesarean section is becoming more and more frequent all over the world. If indicated correctly, it is effective in reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it has been performed without real indications, increasing its prevalence and may lead to unnecessary risks, both for the mother and the baby. There are several factors that may be associated with this increasing rate, but these are little explored on the optics of the Brazilian regions. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with cesarean sections in the Brazilian regions context. Methodology: A recort of national database of the National Health Survey (PNS), a national domiciliary study conducted by the IBGE in partnership with the Ministry of Health in 2013, was included. data from women aged 18 To 49 years, totaling 16,175 records of women who were pregnant and gave birth at some time in life. Descriptive analysis of the variables of interest, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and logistic regression were performed to estimate the magnitude of the association between the variables and cesarean delivery. A level of significance was adopted or p value <0.05. Results: The prevalence in Brazil of women who had cesarean delivery was 53.03%. Over the years (from 1974 to 2013), there was an increase in the chances of having this type of delivery, mainly in the Northeast (2,21, IC95:1,42-3,46) and South (2,75, IC95:1,44-5,23). Regarding private health care, women who had health insurance were 3 times more likely to undergo cesarean section (IC95:1,6?5,3) than those without health insurance (1,4, IC95: 1,0 ? 2,0), as well as those with arterial hypertension (2,77, IC95: 1,5-4,8), chronic column problem (2,0;IC95 1,01?4,05). Regarding the age of first gestation and menarche, it was observed that women who were older than 20 years in the first pregnancy were twice as likely (IC95: 1,2-3,3) and those whose age at menarche was higher or Equal to 12 years 1,7 times more chances (IC95: 1,2-2,3). In addition, women who self-reported their health as good had 1,8 times (IC95: 1,2-2,6) and those with higher levels of education had 2,05 times (IC95: 1,2-3,3) more Cesarean, highlighting those of the North and South regions, while in the Northeast this probability increased independently of the level of schooling. Conclusion: The rate of cesarean delivery in Brazil remains high, associated factors such as time, educational level, maternal age at first pregnancy, menarche, self-reported health, appear to contribute to the increase of this prevalence, behaving distinctly among the regions of the country.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-22T01:07:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao final PPGSC.pdf: 1143429 bytes, checksum: 4001d67efdeaf38f6d494a206cf29031 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T01:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao final PPGSC.pdf: 1143429 bytes, checksum: 4001d67efdeaf38f6d494a206cf29031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-24 / Cohort study follow 672 couple of mothers and children since birth to 72 months of life. The objectives was identify economic, genetic and environment risk factors that are associated with overweight and obesity children at six years old. The research included all the children that birth in each from 10 hospitals of the city at 2004 year. The maternal hospital was visited a long period of two consecutive months, accord draw. Stander Inquiries was done after signing an informed consent. The classification to nutrition child was determinate from z-score of BMI graphics, have defined overweight/obesity that BMI ? +1 z-score. Stratified hierarchical statistical analysis, qui-quadratic test, p value, was considered significant values equivalent or minor of 5% with confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Logistic multivariate regression followed hierarchical levels. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 15,6% and 12,9% respective. The regress logistic analyses evidenced factors associated with final predictor maternal obesity for breastfeeding group. Children not breastfeeding had predictors as maternal obesity, father obesity, mother instruction level and cesarean delivery at the end of analysis. This study confirms the interaction of several factors to overweight and obesity, with genetics and environments factors. Early factors in the life were strongly with obesity than the neonatal predictors. There is important in the prevention of the obesity, modifier risk factors like breastfeeding practice and natural delivery. More research needs to investigate the association between cesarean delivery and excess BMI. / Estudo de coorte de nascidos vivos o qual pesquisou 672 duplas de m?es e filhos do nascimento aos 72 meses de vida. O objetivo ? identificar fatores socioecon?micos, gen?ticos e ambientais que est?o associados ao excesso de peso em crian?as aos seis anos de idade. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo onde foram inclu?dos na pesquisa todas as crian?as que nasceram em cada uma das 10 maternidades do munic?pio no ano de 2004. As unidades foram visitadas por per?odo de dois meses consecutivos, conforme sorteio. Foram aplicados question?rios padronizados ap?s assinatura de Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Avaliado o estado nutricional da crian?a conforme o escore-z das curvas de IMC para idade, sendo considerado como sobrepeso/obesidade o IMC igual ou superior ao desvio padr?o +1. Foi realizado an?lise hierarquizada estratificada, teste do qui-quadrado (x?) com c?lculo do p valor, sendo considerados como significantes valores iguais ou menores a 5% com Intervalo de Confian?a (IC) de 95%. A regress?o log?stica multivariada seguiu o modelo conceitual te?rico em n?veis hier?rquicos. As preval?ncias de sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 15,6% e 12,9%, respectivamente. A an?lise de regress?o log?stica evidenciou como fatores associados ao desfecho a obesidade materna como preditor de risco para as crian?as amamentadas. No estrato de crian?as n?o amamentadas permaneceram no modelo as vari?veis obesidade materna, obesidade paterna, escolaridade das m?e e a via de parto ces?reo. O estudo corrobora a multifatoriedade do excesso de peso corporal com a participa??o de fatores gen?ticos e ambientais. Os fatores relativos a fases precoces da vida estiveram mais fortemente associados com a obesidade do que os preditores p?s neonatais. ? preciso valorizar, na preven??o da obesidade, os fatores de risco modific?veis como a pr?tica do aleitamento materno e a via de parto vaginal. S?o necess?rios mais estudos para elucidar a associa??o entre o parto ces?reo e obesidade.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neonatal complications requiring special care, respiratory morbidity and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, according to the type of delivery, in a private hospital with a high prevalence of cesarean section. Methods: Retrospective study, involving neonates of ?37 weeks of gestational age and birthweight of ?2,500 g whose births occurred between February 2013 and June 2016. Neonates with malformations and/or congenital infections who required special care were excluded. The electronic charts were reviewed by two authors and the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Z test. Patients were classified according to type of delivery: vaginal delivery; cesarean section after onset of labor; scheduled cesarean section; cesarean section after rupture of membranes; cesarean section due to specific pathologies or conditions, including maternal hypertensive disease, diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction and twinning; and emergency cesarean section. Subsequently, the types of delivery were reclassified into larger groups for analysis: Group 1: vaginal delivery + cesarean section after labor; Group 2: scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology. The emergency cesarean section was analyzed separately. Results: A total of 12,528 newborns were included in the study, of which 6,894 (55%) were born by scheduled cesarean section, 3,252 (26%) by other types of cesarean section and 2,382 (19%) by vaginal delivery, resulting in a prevalence of cesarean section of 81%. Fifty-three percent of parturient women were primiparous. Birth weight was significantly higher in scheduled cesarean section than in other types of delivery. The gestational age was not different comparing scheduled cesarean section and vaginal delivery, (median 39 weeks), but was higher in these than in other modes of delivery (median 38 weeks). The need for special care (hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) in Group 1 was 2.68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-3.31%) and in Group 2 it was 2.85% (95%CI 2.25-3.21), a non-significant difference (p=0.680). However, analyzing for gestational age, the need for special care in Group 2 was significantly more frequent for those born before 38 weeks (p=0.023) and less frequent for those born after 40 weeks (p=0.026). In the other gestational ages, no significant differences were found between groups. The incidence of early respiratory distress was 0.93% (95%CI 0.56-1.31) in Group 1 and 1.17% in Group 2 (p=0.389). The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was 0.23% (95%CI 0.05-0.42) in Group 1 and zero in Group 2 (p<0.001). During the study period, there was only one maternal death, in the emergency cesarean section group. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of neonatal morbidity was related to birth before 38 weeks of gestation in the group that included scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology, compared to the group that included vaginal delivery + intrapartum cesarean section. These results support the recommendations that elective cesareans should be avoided before the 39 completed weeks of gestation. In this sample, cesarean section without previous labor was associated with a reduced risk of hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy in the neonate. / Objetivos: Avaliar a preval?ncia de complica??es neonatais com necessidade de cuidados especiais, morbidade respirat?ria e encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica, de acordo com o tipo de parto, em um hospital privado com alta preval?ncia de cesarianas. M?todos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu rec?m-nascidos de ?37 semanas de idade gestacional e peso de nascimento ?2.500 g cujos partos ocorreram no per?odo de fevereiro de 2013 a junho de 2016. Foram exclu?dos os rec?m-nascidos com malforma??es e/ou infec??es cong?nitas que necessitaram de cuidados especiais. Os prontu?rios eletr?nicos foram revisados por dois autores e os dados foram analisados por meio do programa IBM SPSS vers?o 22.0, utilizando teste do qui quadrado ou exato de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis e teste Z. Os pacientes foram classificados conforme o tipo de parto: parto vaginal; ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; ces?rea agendada; ces?rea por bolsa rota; ces?rea por patologias ou situa??es espec?ficas, incluindo doen?a materna hipertensiva, diabetes, restri??o do crescimento intrauterino e gemelaridade; e ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Posteriormente, os tipos de parto foram reclassificados em grupos maiores para a an?lise: Grupo 1: parto vaginal + ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; Grupo 2: ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia. A ces?rea de emerg?ncia foi analisada separadamente. Resultados: Foram inclu?dos no estudo 12.528 rec?m-nascidos, dos quais 6.894 (55%) nasceram por ces?rea agendada, 3.252 (26%) pelos outros tipos de ces?rea e 2.382 (19%) por parto vaginal, resultando em uma preval?ncia de cesarianas de 81%. Cinquenta e tr?s por cento das parturientes eram prim?paras. O peso ao nascer foi significativamente maior na ces?rea agendada do que nos outros tipos de parto. A idade gestacional n?o foi diferente comparando ces?rea agendada e parto vaginal, (mediana 39 semanas), mas foi maior nestes do que nos outros modos de parto (mediana 38 semanas). A necessidade de cuidados especiais (interna??o na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal) no Grupo 1 foi de 2,68% (intervalo de confian?a [IC]95% 2,06-3,31%) e no Grupo 2 foi de 2,85% (IC95% 2,25-3,21), diferen?a n?o significativa (p=0,680). Por?m, analisando por idade gestacional, a necessidade de cuidados especiais do Grupo 2 foi significativamente mais frequente para os nascidos antes de 38 semanas (p=0,023) e menos frequente para os nascidos ap?s as 40 semanas (p=0,026). Nas demais idades gestacionais n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. A incid?ncia de disfun??o respirat?ria precoce foi de 0,93% (IC95% 0,56-1,31) no Grupo 1 e de 1,17% no Grupo 2 (p=0,389). A incid?ncia de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica foi 0,23% (IC95% 0,05- 0,42) no Grupo 1 e zero no Grupo 2 (p <0,001). Durante o per?odo do estudo, houve apenas uma morte materna, no grupo ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Conclus?es: Houve maior preval?ncia de morbidade neonatal, relacionada ao nascimento antes das 38 semanas de idade gestacional, no grupo que incluiu ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia, comparado ao grupo que incluiu parto vaginal + ces?rea intraparto, apoiando as recomenda??es de que as cesarianas eletivas devem ser evitadas antes das 39 semanas completas de gesta??o. Nesta amostra, a cesariana sem trabalho de parto pr?vio foi associada a risco reduzido de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica no rec?m-nascido.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:12:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Introduction: Breast milk is the best food for infants; however, in some situations, especially when delivery was by cesarean section, it is necessary to complement the newborn feeding in the first days of life. There are doubts whether the use of complementary formula to breast milk in the first days of life could be associated with the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. Objectives: To investigate the association of dietary supplements in the first 10 days of life for term neonates born by elective cesarean section with the mother's report about infantile colic and vomiting/regurgitation in the first three months of life and the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. Methods: A cohort study included term neonates delivered by cesarean section at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, a private hospital located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from October 2011 to April 2013. Initial data were obtained from medical records and interviews with the mothers in the recovery room. Follow-up was done by telephone contact with the mothers at the end of the second week, at three months and at six months after birth. The factors under study were breastfeeding, prescription and use of food supplements, and type of prescribed formula. These variables were obtained for the first 48 hours of life, the first 10 days of life and for the first three month of life. The study outcomes were the occurrence of colic and vomiting/regurgitation reported by mothers in the first three months of life, as well as diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. Data were analyzed with the chi-square or Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 17.0. To control confounding factors, the Poisson multivariate regression was used. The significance level was 5% (p ? 0.05). Results: Nine hundred and sixty-four infants were studied, of whom 657 (68.1%) were exclusively breastfeeding, 215 (22.3%) had mixed feeding and 92 (9.5%) were fed only formula at the age of three months. Three hundred and seventy infants (38.4%) had frequent vomiting/regurgitation and 741 (76.9%) had colic, of which 382 (39.7%) were of medium/high intensity. The use of complementary formula in the first 10 days of life was not significantly associated with the studied outcomes. However, the type of feeding by three months of life was associated with some of these outcomes: infants not breastfed at all within the three months had fewer reports of vomiting, relative risk (RR) 0.63; confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 0.89 95% (p = 0.009), and less colic, RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.94 (p = 0.022). Among these infants, a higher proportion was fed anti-regurgitation formulas. Partially breastfed babies had more maternal reports of colic, RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45 (p = 0.024). At six months of life, 2.0% of the infants had diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and 3.1% had gastroesophageal reflux, outcomes that were associated with the type of feeding at three months but not at 10 days of life. Conclusions: In this population of infants born at term by cesarean section, there was no association between the use of formula supplements in the first 10 days of life, or the type of formula used in this period, and the incidence of colic and vomiting/regurgitation in the first three months of life, or the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy or gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. However, the type of infant feeding at the end of the third month of life was associated with some of the study outcomes. / Introdu??o: O leite materno ? o melhor alimento para lactentes; entretanto, em algumas situa??es, principalmente quando o parto ocorre por cesariana, ? necess?rio complementar a alimenta??o do rec?m-nascido nos primeiros dias de vida. Questiona-se se o uso de f?rmulas complementares ao leite materno nos primeiros dias de vida poderiam estar associadas ao surgimento de sintomas gastrointestinais nos lactentes. Objetivos: Verificar a associa??o entre uso de complemento alimentar nos primeiros 10 dias de vida, em rec?m-nascidos a termo de parto ces?reo, com o relato materno de c?licas e v?mitos/regurgita??o nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida e no diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e de refluxo gastroesof?gico nos primeiros seis meses de vida. M?todos: Um estudo de coorte incluiu rec?m-nascidos a termo por cesariana eletiva no Hospital Moinhos de Vento, um hospital particular localizado em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no per?odo de outubro de 2011 a abril de 2013. Os dados iniciais foram obtidos dos prontu?rios e de entrevistas com as m?es na sala de recupera??o. O seguimento foi feito por contato telef?nico com as m?es, ao final da segunda semana, aos tr?s meses e aos seis meses ap?s o nascimento. Os fatores em estudo foram aleitamento materno, prescri??o e utiliza??o de complemento alimentar e tipo de f?rmula prescrita. Estas vari?veis foram obtidas em rela??o ?s primeiras 48 horas de vida, aos primeiros 10 dias de vida e aos primeiros tr?s meses de vida. Os desfechos em estudo foram ocorr?ncia de c?lica e v?mitos/regurgita??es relatados pelas m?es nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida, assim como diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e de refluxo gastroesof?gico nos seis primeiros meses de vida. Os dados foram analisados com os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher utilizando o aux?lio do programa SPSS vers?o 17.0. Para controle de fatores confundidores, foi utilizada a an?lise multivariada de Regress?o de Poisson. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5% (p?0,05). Resultados: Foram estudados 964 lactentes, sendo que 657 (68,1%) mantinham a amamenta??o exclusiva aos 3 meses, 215 (22,3%) estavam com aleitamento misto e 92 (9,5%) mamavam apenas f?rmula. Trezentos e setenta lactentes (38,4%) apresentaram v?mitos/regurgita??es frequentes e 741 (76,9%) apresentaram c?licas, sendo 382 (39,7%) de m?dia/alta intensidade. O uso de complemento nos primeiros 10 dias de vida n?o se associou significativamente com os desfechos estudados. Entretanto o tipo de alimenta??o aos tr?s meses de vida associou-se com alguns desses desfechos: os lactentes que n?o mamavam mais ao seio aos tr?s meses tinham menos relatos de v?mitos, risco relativo (RR) 0,63; intervalo de confian?a (IC)95% 0,45-0,89 (p = 0,009) e de c?licas, RR 0,65; IC95% 0,46-0,94 (p = 0,022). Entre esses lactentes, uma propor??o maior utilizava f?rmulas anti-regurgita??o. Os beb?s que mamavam parcialmente aos seio tinham mais relatos maternos de c?licas, RR 1,22; IC95% 1,03-1,45 (p = 0,024). Aos seis meses, 2,0% dos lactentes tiveram diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e 3.1% apresentavam refluxo gastroesof?gico, desfechos que foram associados ao tipo de alimenta??o aos tr?s meses mas n?o aos 10 dias de vida. Conclus?es: Nesta popula??o de lactentes nascidos a termo, por cesariana eletiva, n?o houve associa??o do uso de complemento alimentar nos primeiros 10 dias de vida, ou do tipo de f?rmula utilizada nesse per?odo, com a incid?ncia de c?lica e de v?mitos/regurgita??o nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida, e nem com o diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca ou refluxo gastroesof?gico nos primeiros seis meses de vida. Entretanto, o tipo de alimenta??o do lactente ao final do terceiro m?s de vida associou-se a alguns dos desfechos estudados.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-17T19:41:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL - JESSICA SP COSTA.pdf: 2171220 bytes, checksum: 3e2aa22230a1734216a93121fcc81d04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T19:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL - JESSICA SP COSTA.pdf: 2171220 bytes, checksum: 3e2aa22230a1734216a93121fcc81d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Overweight is one of the most common nutritional problems among children from developed and developing countries. Lifestyle changes including the food standard and physical inactivity brought changes on weight state with a potential effect to high the blood pressure. Chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular illness have been associated to cesarean section by its effects on bacterial colonization inside the gastrointestinal tract of children that were born by a cesarean. The study aims to discover the association between overweight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preschool according as food standard of consumption and the ones borned through a cesarean. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective population-based cohort, started in 2004, Feira de Santana - BA. The overweight (overweight + obesity) was analyzed by the body mass index and definite out based on Word Health Organization reference. The P.A was considered elevated when it achieved pressure levels ? percentile 90, for the age, gender and height obeying to the recommendations by the Brazilian Cardiology Society. Food consumption was characterized by standards (standard 1: milks consumption and derivates, vegetables and greens, tubers, cereals, fruits and fish; standard 2: salted, soft drinks/ artificial juices, candies, oils and fats and coffee/tea; standard 3: sausages, fast-food, catchup/mayonnaise and eggs; standard 4: red meats and chicken. Assessed covariables were the children characteristics, demographic and reproductive maternal. Were evaluated 618 children (51,7% boys and 48,3% girls). Overweight occurred on 28,6% of children. PAS and PAD elevated values occurred on 17,2% and 5,6% respectively. Overweight was associated with a high PAS (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) and a high PAD (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). Food stands with a moderate to elevated consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Positive association between cesarean parturition and a high PAS (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). Overweight was a factor associated with ? high PAS/PAD; the average and elevate consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD between children with six years old; and the cesarean parturition was associated with a high PAS among the sample of children. / O excesso de peso ? um dos problemas nutricionais mais comuns entre crian?as de pa?ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Altera??es no estilo de vida das crian?as, incluindo o padr?o alimentar e a inatividade f?sica, trouxeram mudan?as no estado do peso, com potencial efeito na eleva??o da press?o arterial. Doen?as cr?nicas, como obesidade e doen?as cardiovasculares, t?m sido associadas ao parto ces?reo, pelo seu efeito na coloniza??o bacteriana do tubo digest?rio de crian?as nascidas via cesariana. O objetivo do estudo foi averiguar a associa??o entre o excesso de peso e press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e diast?lica (PAD) de pr?-escolares, conforme padr?o de consumo alimentar e nascimento por parto ces?reo. Trata-se de uma an?lise transversal de uma coorte prospectiva de base populacional, iniciada em 2004, em Feira de Santana-BA. O sobrepeso (sobrepeso + obesidade) foi avaliado pelo ?ndice de Massa Corporal e definido com base na refer?ncia da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de. A PA foi definida elevada, quando atingiu os n?veis press?ricos ? percentil 90, para idade, sexo e altura obedecendo as recomenda??es da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. O consumo alimentar foi caracterizado por padr?es (padr?o 1: consumo de leite e derivados, verduras e tub?rculos, cereais, leguminosas, frutas e pescados; padr?o 2: de salgadinhos, refrigerantes/sucos artificiais, doces, ?leos e gorduras e caf?/ch?.; padr?o 3: embutidos, fast-food, catchup/maionese e ovos; padr?o 4: carnes vermelhas e frango). As covari?veis avaliadas foram as caracter?sticas da crian?a, demogr?ficas e reprodutivas maternas. Foram avaliadas 618 crian?as (51,7% meninos e 48,3% meninas). O sobrepeso ocorreu em 28,6% das crian?as. Valores elevados de PAS e PAD ocorreram em 17,2% e 5,6%, respectivamente. O sobrepeso se associou ? PAS elevada (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) e a PAD elevada (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). O padr?o alimentar com consumo moderado a alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Houve associa??o positiva entre parto ces?reo e a PAS elevada (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). O Sobrepeso foi fator associado ? PAS/PAD elevadas; o consumo moderado/alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada entre as crian?as aos seis anos de idade; e, o parto ces?reo se associou ? PAS elevada entre as crian?as da amostra.