La Spondyloarthrite (SpA) est un rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique fréquent, avec une prévalence de 0,43 % en France. Elle consiste en une atteinte prédominante du squelette axial, mais aussi des articulations périphériques, et peut conduire à une immobilité du rachis et des articulations sacro-iliaques. Des atteintes extra-articulaires sont fréquentes, telles qu'une uvéite, un psoriasis ou une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l'intestin. Les traitements actuels ne sont que symptomatiques, ciblant principalement les manifestations inflammatoires. L'étiologie de la SpA est multifactorielle avec une composante génétique dominée par l'association forte et bien connue avec l'allèle HLA-B27. Cependant, ce facteur génétique n'est clairement pas suffisant pour induire le développement de la maladie. L'objectif de ce projet de thèse était donc d'identifier d'autres facteurs génétiques à l'origine du développement de la SpA.Mon travail a porté sur l'analyse de deux jeux de données complémentaires, dans une perspective de biologie des systèmes. Dans une première partie, j'ai conduit une analyse de liaison dans 210 familles atteintes de la maladie représentant 1310 personnes génotypées avec des puces Affymetrix 250k. Une nouvelle région significativement liée à la SpA a été détectée en 13q13, avec un intervalle de 1,3 Mb défini par des haplotypes recombinants chez les patients.Ensuite, une analyse transcriptomique des cellules dendritiques dérivées des monocytes de 23 patients HLA-B27+, 23 témoins sains HLA-B27+ et 21 témoins sains HLA-B27-, et stimulées ou non par du LPS, a tenté de distinguer les gènes dont l'expression est modifiée par la maladie de ceux influencés par l'allèle HLA-B27 seul. L'annotation fonctionnelle et une analyse par réseau de gènes ont mis en évidence l'inhibition chez les patients des étapes précoces de la biosynthèse du cholestérol. / Spondyloarthritis is a frequent chronic inflammatory rheumatism, with a prevalence of 0.43 % in France. This disease presents axial skeleton injuries, but also on peripheral joints, and can results in a total spinal and sacro-iliac motility loss. Extra-articular features including uveitis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease are frequent. Current SpA treatments are only symptomatic, relieving inflammatory symptoms. SpA etiology is largely multifactorial with a genetic component dominated by the long-known strong association with the HLA-B27 allele. This allele, however, is not sufficient for the disease to occur. This thesis project objective was then to identify other genetic factors in the origin of SpA.My work was mainly divided in two complementary data analyses, in a way to get a systems biology approach. The first one consisted in proceed linking analyses on data from Affymetrix genotyping chips gathered from DNA of 1310 people grouped in 210 families. This study allowed notably to detect a new significantly linked region to SpA : 13q13, with an interval of 1.3 Mb. This part of genome is currently being sequenced to allow a better causal SNP identification.Secondly, an Affymetrix HumanGene 1.0 st transcriptomic chips analysis was performed on MD-DCs extracted from 68 people, stimulated or not by LPS during 6 or 24 hours. This cohort was grouped between 23 patients HLA-B27+, 23 healthy controls HLA-B27+ and 21 healthy controls HLA-B27-. I could notice that HLA-B27 allele is farly enough to considerably affect cell transcriptomic profiles, which encourages to include HLA-B27+ healthy controls. Otherwise, a gene network analysis allowed me to highlight on an inhibition of early steps of cholesterol biosyntthesis.

This thesis explores the role and impact of Rannóg an Aistriúcháin - the Oireachtas Government Translation section - on English-Irish legal translation and terminology, with particular focus on the period 1922-1937; a period bookended by the establishment of the Irish Free State and the enactment of Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Constitution of Ireland) in 1937. It aims to assess the efficacy and consistency of the translation strategies and Irish legal terms employed by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin, and to investigate how modern translation theory – specifically equivalence theory – may be applied to English-Irish legal translation as a whole. While a semantic study of the English and Irish versions of the amended 1937 Constitution has previously been carried out (Ó Cearúil, 1999), there has yet to be any specific study of other translated English-Irish legislative material within the Irish Free State or, indeed, of any laws translated within the Rannóg. This is an area which holds great research potential as regards assessing the efficacy of a particular body of translations, as the position of the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland is a unique one. Not only is Irish an official language of the European Union, but it enjoys constitutional status as the National and First Official language of the Republic of Ireland, with Article 25.4.6o of the Irish Constitution 1937 providing that: ‘In case of conflict between the texts of a law enrolled under this section in both the official languages, the text in the national language shall prevail’. In other words, should the Irish translation deviate in any way from its English legislative counterpart, it is the Gaelic translated legislation - along with all its construed connotations and associations - which has the upper hand. With this reasoning in mind, this thesis takes a corpus of EN-GA legislative material translated by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin during the period 1922-1937, from which legal terms are chosen for analysis and qualitatively and semantically assessed in the context of Equivalence translation theory and legal translation. Ultimately, this thesis provides a new critical assessment of the reliability of Irish language legal terminology in primary legislation from this period; an analysis of how Equivalence theory may be applied to EN-GA legal translation as a whole; and provides some guidelines for future endeavours in English-Irish legal translation and terminology.

<p>Disease caused by the Gram-negative <italic>Haemophilus</italic> cryptic genospecies begins with colonization of the maternal genital or neonatal respiratory tract. The primary goal of this work was to identify and characterize the molecular determinant(s) of <italic>Haemophilus<i/talic> cryptic genospecies adherence as a means to better understand the specific adaptation of this species to the urogenital tract and neonatal respiratory tract. Using transposon mutagenesis of prototype strain 1595, we identified a locus that is essential for <italic>Haemophilus</italic> cryptic genospecies adherence to a variety of epithelial cell lines of both genital and respiratory origin. This locus encodes a protein called Cha that shares homology with trimeric autotransporters. Trimeric autotransporters are composed of an N-terminal signal peptide, an internal passenger domain that harbors adhesive activity, and a short C-terminal membrane anchor domain and are classically characterized by head-stalk-anchor domain architecture. By generating chimeric proteins, we demonstrated that the C-terminus of Cha trimerizes in the bacterial outer membrane and is capable presenting a heterologous passenger domain (Hia) in a functional form, thus confirming that Cha is a trimeric autotransporter. Southern analysis revealed that <italic>cha</italic> is unique to the <italic>Haemophilus</italic> cryptic genospecies and is ubiquitous among these strains. </p><p>Similar to a number of trimeric autotransporters, the passenger domain of Cha contains scattered clusters of YadA-like head domains associated with head-to-stalk neck adaptor motifs, predicted coiled-coil stalks and a series of identical tandem coding repeats which are not required for adherence. By evaluating the adherence capacity of <italic>H. influenzae</italic> expressing Cha deletion derivatives, we established that the N-terminal 473 residues of Cha harbor the binding domains responsible for Cha-mediated adherence to epithelial cells. In additional studies, we demonstrated that this same N-terminal region mediates bacterial aggregation through inter-bacterial Cha-Cha binding. </p><p>Further analysis revealed that variable Cha-mediated adherence is linked to spontaneous changes in the number of identical tandem repeats predicted to comprise a coiled-coil stalk domain. Variation in repeat copy number has a direct effect on Cha adhesive and aggregative activity, independent of an impact on transcription of the <italic>cha</italic> locus or surface localization of Cha protein. Moreover, length of Cha surface fibers correlates with repeat copy number expansion. We propose two hypotheses to explain how repeat expansion inhibits bacterial aggregation and host cell binding: 1) Variation in the number of 28-amino acid repeats may influence the conformation of Cha, thus changing the surface accessibility of the Cha binding pocket. 2) Repeat expansion results in the formation of long, flexible Cha fibers on the bacterial cell surface that may have a greater propensity to interact with neighboring Cha trimers at the N-terminus, thereby precluding adherence to other bacteria or host epithelial cells. </p><p>In additional studies screening adherent cryptic genospecies isolates for expression of Cha protein, we identified an additional, antigenically-divergent Cha variant that we refer to as Cha2. Amino acid sequence and domain comparison of Cha2 with Cha (now Cha1) revealed that the structurally undefined N-terminal sequences (encompassing the Cha1 adhesive and aggregative domain) are strikingly divergent. Inspite of this, Cha2 mediates efficient adherence to human epithelial cells, similar to Cha1.</p><p>Identification of Cha offers insight into the apparent tissue tropism associated with the <italic>Haemophilus</italic> cryptic genospecies. We speculate that the unique regulation of Cha adhesive activity enhances the adaptive capability of this pathogenic organism in the human host.</p> / Dissertation

No description available.

Thesis (M.CM)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 2006. / Dissertation submitted to the School of Chinese Medicine. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ilton_Isandro_Eckstein.PDF: 1269135 bytes, checksum: 52bc33a50ce148953b29202d47265022 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Knowing the factors that affect the composition and quality of milk in Dairy Production Systems (SPL) is of utmost importance to the producer. The objective was to evaluate the characteristics of 32 SPL in the city of Toledo, together in partnership with a dairy. We performed the data collection of properties, with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire, which collected information on the production traits, milk composition and quality, besides the technical and management practices carried out, mainly related to hygiene and management health of milking. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition (fat, protein, lactose and total solids), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Total Bacterial Count (TBC), and also to the presence of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. Subsequently, data collection, the variables were selected and analyzed using multivariate techniques, using the principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of Ascendant Hierarchical Classification (AHC). We analyzed variables related to production and milk quality, techniques and practices used at the time of milking, feeding management, milking system and socio-cultural variables related to the producer. The variables that best explained the differences in the PCA were related to the hygienic and sanitary practices (pre and post-dipping, use of detergents in alkaline and acid cleaning, testing for mastitis) held for milking, with the composition of milk and linked to the producer (age, education, length of service). It was found that the use of these practices can help to improve production and milk quality, ensuring a raw material with high commercial value. The grouping of production systems has shown that there is great diversity among the forms of production, allowing identifying the factors that can influence it, in order to form strategies that may result from gains in production and milk quality / Conhecer os fatores que afetam a composição e qualidade do leite em Sistemas de Produção Leiteiros (SPL) é de extrema importância ao produtor. Objetivou-se avaliar as características de 32 SPL, na cidade de Toledo, juntamente em parceria com um laticínio. Foi realizada a coleta de dados das propriedades, com o auxílio de um questionário semi-estruturado, onde se colheu informações acerca das características de produção, composição e qualidade do leite, além das técnicas e práticas de manejo realizadas, principalmente relacionadas ao manejo higiênico-sanitário de ordenha. As amostras de leite foram analisadas em relação a sua composição (gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais), Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS), Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT), e também para presença de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Posteriormente, a coleta de dados, as variáveis foram selecionadas e analisadas por meio de técnicas multivariadas, sendo utilizada a análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e a análise de Classificação Hierárquica Ascendente (CHA). Foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas à produção e qualidade do leite, técnicas e práticas utilizadas no momento da ordenha, manejo alimentar, sistema de ordenha e variáveis sócio-culturais relacionadas ao produtor. As variáveis que melhor explicaram as diversidades das ACP foram as relacionadas com as práticas higiênico-sanitária (pré e pós-dipping, utilização dos detergentes alcalino e ácido na higienização, testes para detecção de mastite) realizadas na ordenha, com a composição de leite e vinculadas ao produtor (idade, escolaridade, tempo na atividade). Foi verificado que o uso destas práticas podem auxiliar para melhorar a produção e qualidade do leite, assegurando uma matéria-prima com maior valor comercial. O agrupamento dos sistemas de produção permitiu verificar a existência de grande diversidade entre as formas de produção, possibilitando identificar os fatores que podem influenciá-lo, a fim de formar estratégias que possam resultar ganhos em produção e qualidade do leite

This thesis is focused on theoretical study of influence of the silanol nest defects on the hydrolysis of zeolite Chabazite under harsh steaming conditions. The motivation of the thesis was a recent experiment proving that the silanol nest defect enhances the hydrolysis of a zeolite. The harsh steaming conditions have been chosen as some important technological processes involving zeolites require high temperatures and have water vapour present. The study was performed by using density functional theory calculations. To investigate the influence of the defect two models were used a reference pristine model and a defected model containing the silanol nest defect. The two models were pure siliceous Chabazite periodical models with supercell containing 36 and 35 Si tetrahedra respectively. A multi-step hydrolysis leading to detachment of a Si(OH)4 cluster from the zeolite, known as total desilication, was calculated for the two models. Multiple possible paths of the hydrolysis were discovered, compared and discussed on both models. Both the most favourable hydrolysis paths of the two model as well as their arithmetic means were compared. The experimentally set expectations that a silanol nest defect enhances the hydrolysis of the zeolite have been met.

My thesis serves two purposes: First, my research addresses what I have come to recognize as colonial misunderstandings of nuu-chah-nulth ha'wiih. My research and writing invoke new ways of thinking about nuu-chah-nulth people, leaders and knowledge. I accomplish this by writing conversationally and by including unedited interviews and poetry. All of which require readers to consider my research outside of their usual perspective. Second, my research responds to a cultural need to archive important family knowledge while providing the opportunity to define, for outsiders, who we are. The interviews archive, in part, the knowledge and teachings of a cha-cha-tsi-us-aht ha'wilth. My analysis of this information shows that while my family’s knowledge comes from a common source. We all interpret that knowledge in our own way. My research is important academically and politically because of its ability to convey knowledge that has not been simplified, appropriated or colonized for public consumption.