xiii, 99 p. : ill. (some col.) / Check-in-check-out (CICO) has been demonstrated to produce decreases in problematic behaviors and increases in academic engagement when used as a secondary intervention within a school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) framework. In general, research has suggested that CICO is most effective for children whose problem behaviors are sensitive to adult attention without modifications. However, research is lacking on secondary interventions intended for students whose problem behaviors are hypothesized to be maintained by escape or avoidance of academic tasks. Drawing from research on the utility of function-based interventions and the teaching of functional replacement behaviors to decrease problem behaviors and increase appropriate skills, a secondary intervention, Breaks are Better (BrB), was designed that builds off core features of CICO but also includes function-based components for addressing problem behavior maintained by task avoidance. Modifications included 1) defining specific expectations that were incompatible with problematic behavior during academic routines and 2) providing students with functional replacement behaviors that allowed them to recruit both brief breaks and help. Effectiveness of BrB was examined using an ABAB design across three participants whose off-task behaviors were hypothesized to be maintained, in part, by task avoidance or escape. The current study examined the following primary research questions: 1) is there a functional relation between the implementation of BrB and reduced rates of off-task behavior, and 2) is there a functional relation between the implementation of BrB and increases in the use of alternative replacement behaviors (help and break)? A functional relation was documented between the implementation of the BrB intervention and reductions in off-task behavior for two out of three participants (Gregg and Alex). However, for Diego, off-task behavior was somewhat variable during the final intervention phase. Results from the collection of contextual fit and social validity data indicated that students, teachers, and parents viewed BrB as effective, worth the required effort, and contextually appropriate for use in this school. / Committee in charge: Cynthia M. Anderson, Chairperson; Rick Albin, Member; Laura Lee McIntyre, Member; Jennifer Pfeifer, Outside Member

School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Support (SWPBIS) is an evidence- based application of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to address and prevent problem behaviors from occurring, promote pro-social behaviors, and create a positive learning environment for all students. There are many secondary interventions that have been utilized within the framework of SWPBIS that have high success rates. However, the research conducted on the use of Check-In/Check-Out (CICO), a secondary intervention, has focused its attention more on its effectiveness in public elementary schools. There is a lack of research evaluating the effectiveness of CICO in alternative school settings. This study provides an extension to the literature by examining the effects of the CICO program with school-aged children residing in a mental health treatment facility. Using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design, students were exposed to a CICO intervention strategy in which problem behaviors were targeted for reduction and academic engagement was targeted for acquisition. All three students showed substantial decreases in problem behavior and increases in academic engagement when the CICO intervention was in place.

Problem behaviors in the school setting have become more frequent as well as challenging for teachers and faculty to decrease while attempting to help their students attain their academic goals. Within the last decade, school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) has become more widespread as an evidence-based practice within the school system. SWPBS uses a multi-tiered support structure in order to affect behavior change across an entire school population. Several common secondary interventions have been utilized with high success rates. However, the research conducted thus far using the Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) program, a secondary intervention, has shown a lesser degree of success in behavior change with those students whose problem behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement or escape from aversive tasks. The current study examined the effects of the CICO program, adapted to address negative reinforcement contingencies. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, students in this study were exposed to a modified CICO intervention strategy in which problem behaviors, specifically related to the escape function as determined by a routine analysis, were targeted for reduction while academic engagement were targeted for acquisition. Results provided reductions in problem behaviors and an overall increase in academic engagement across participants with teacher implementers indicating the modified CICO program as feasible and acceptable. Implications for future research are discussed.

This qualitative study investigates how check-in and check-out self-service technology (SST)for hotels affects the hotel experience of young hotel guests. Following study also focuses onevaluating whether the current SST technology meets the expectations of these young guests.As the hospitality industry in Sweden increasingly adopts SST solutions, understanding theperceptions and satisfaction levels of young guests becomes essential for hotels striving toenhance their service quality. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizingsemi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Twenty respondents, agedbetween 20 and 28 years, were interviewed to gain in-depth insights into their experienceswith SST technology for check-in and check-out processes. / Denna studie undersöker hur självserviceteknologi (SST) på hotell i form av in- ochutcheckning påverkar hotellupplevelsen för unga hotellgäster. Studien fokuserar också på attutvärdera om den befintliga SST-teknologin uppfyller förväntningarna hos dessa unga gäster.I takt med att svenska hotellbranschen i större utsträckning börja använda SST-lösningar blirdet viktigt att förstå unga gästers uppfattningar och serviceupplevelser för att hotellen skakunna förbättra sin servicekvalitet. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod medsemistrukturerade intervjuer som primär datainsamlingsmetod. Tjugo respondenter i åldern20 till 28 år intervjuades för att få djupgående insikter i deras upplevelser av SST-teknologiför in- och utcheckning på hotell.