Denna kvalitativa dokumentstudie syftar till att undersöka på vilket sätt tingsrätten, utifrån Föräldrabalken 6 kap. 2 a §, beaktar barnets behov av skydd från våld och barnets behov av nära och god kontakt med båda föräldrar i umgängesfrågan i vårdnadsmål där uppgifter om våld förekommer. Detta har gjorts genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys av nio tingsrättsdomar i mål om vårdnad, boende- och umgänge. Socialkonstruktionism och barndomssociologi utgör studiens teoretiska grund. Studiens resultat visar en tendens där tingsrätten tillmäter barnets behov av kontakt med den våldsutövande föräldern större vikt än behovet av skydd från våld. Behovet av kontakt tycks ses som givet för barnet medan behovet av skydd från våld bedöms från fall till fall. Vidare finner studien en distinktion mellan våld riktat direkt mot barn och våld riktat mot förälder i tingsrättsdomarna där förälders utsatthet mer sällan betraktas som en risk för barnet. I tingsrättens bedömning om umgänge tenderar uppgifter om våld redovisade i föräldrarnas sakframställan att bortses från. Att tingsrätten inte beaktar uppgifter om våld i riskbedömningen får direkta konsekvenser för barnet som riskerar att bli kvar i våldsamma miljöer. Sammantaget innebär detta att våld inte tillmäts tillräcklig betydelse i riskbedömningen. Studiens resultat reser frågor om i vilken mån tingsrätten efterlever sitt uppdrag att skydda barn från våld.

The aim of this study was to investigate how family law caseworkers in Sweden handle the mediation process in child custody disputes. Three themes were emphasized: the child’s best interest, strategies to maintain the child’s best interest and family conflicts and high-conflict families. To get an understanding of how these themes relate to child custody disputes, I conducted semi-structured interviews with family law caseworkers, since working with custody cases is part of their daily work. I chose a qualitative method because I was striving for diverse and comprehensive responses about family caseworkers’ practical experience in dealing with custody disputes. When asked about the definition of the child’s best interest, all respondents agreed that it is an open concept, implying that the definition depends on the specific circumstances surrounding the case. Generally, the respondents were of the opinion that the child’s best interest is synonymous with joint custody. The respondents stated that they employ different strategies to ensure that the child’s best interest is maintained, which is a result of their relatively high discretion. They stressed that while their primary focus is on dialogue with the parents, they use child testimonies as an additional guidance when determining what constitutes the child’s best in the case at hand. However, they also pointed out that a child’s wishes do not always coincide with the child’s best interest. When it comes to high-conflict families, the respondents concluded that the term has not been established in practice, although the problems associated with such families were recognized. After I presented the formal definition outlined in American research, the respondents agreed that the definition is useful in practice.

ABSTRACT This project discusses the development of Keep in Touch. Keep in Touch is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization which is designed to aid the visitation process. Visitation is concerned with children and their families who have been separated. Reasons for separation vary; however, many children have been separated and would benefit greatly from a local visitation program. Items such as children’s rights, California’s mandatory mediation law, and the current conditions of the family court house in San Bernardino County are all discussed and examined as supporting evidence to the problem of family visitation. The goal of Keep in Touch is to provide a comfortable environment, both physical and virtual, that encourages open communication (dialogue) between children and their families. The cultural climate of Keep in Touch is one that encourages, supports and nurtures the natural connection between children and their families.

No description available.

Denna uppsats är en kritisk diskursanalys vars syfte är att studera hur begreppet “barnets bästa” används och tolkas i asylprocessen för ensamkommande barn. Jag har undersökt hur de tjänstemän som fattar beslut om asyl i fall med ensamkommande barn formulerar föreställningar om ”barnets bästa” och hur begreppet förhåller sig till andra begrepp i den diskursiva praktiken. Detta har jag gjort genom att dels analysera de styrdokument som ska ligga till grund för besluten och dels beslut ifrån migrationsverket och domar ifrån  migrationsdomstolarna. Det som utifrån min analys går att se är att ”barnets bästa” fylls med mening utifrån regelverk och styrdokument. Det framgår även att principen om ”barnets bästa” konkurrerar med andra samhälleliga intressen som t.ex. ”reglerad invandring”. Det har även framkommit att det förekommer en maktrelation mellan regelverk och tjänsteman samt mellan tjänsteman och barn. / This essay is a critical discourse analysis which purpose is to investigate how the principle of “In the Child's Best Interest” is used and interpreted in the work with children without custodians seeking asylum. I have investigated how the workers at the migration board who make decisions about asylum for children without custodians formulates conceptions about “In the Child's Best Interest” and how the concept relates to other concepts within the discourse. This, I have done through an analysis of documents and policies that underlies and grounds the decisions about asylum and decisions from the migration board and from migration court. My analysis shows, that “In the Child's Best Interest” is a concepts which is made meaningful by the rules and policy documents. Also, it is shown that the principle of “In the Child's Best Interest” is related to other interests of society such as”regulated migration”. Moreover, the analysis shows that there is a power relationship between policy documents but also between the workers at the migration board and the child.

Tysta och blyga barn är ofta de som lämnas åt sidan eller får vänta med att få sina behov tillgodosett. Som fritidspedagog är det en viktig uppgift att insocialisera barn i gemenskap, men hur gör man med barn som inte vill? Hur handskas man med barn som föredrar att vara för sig själva? I vilken grad ska deras önskan respekteras och när blir insocialisering ett värde som bör överordnas barnets fria val? I denna essä undersöker jag hur jag som fritidspedagog kan förstå dessa barns behov och förhålla mig till dem utifrån begreppen barnperspektiv respektive barns perspektiv, barns delaktighet, inflytandet och bästa. Jag kommer att utgå från några problem från min egen arbetslivserfarenhet och belysa dem med hjälp av olika synsätt som objekt- och aktörsperspektiv och symbolisk interaktionism.

Legal status of a minor and the Children's Ombudsman in civil proceedings Abstract As the title may indicate, the main author's purpose is to address specific aspects of participation of a minor in civil proceedings, to highlight complications related to procedural (in)capacity of minors and to suggest solutions for the major issues, which the author sees especially in unsatisfactory representation of a minor and in disregard for the child's right to participation. Using concrete examples, it is demonstrated that current law does not need to be modified fundamentally in order to significantly improve position of minors as parties to civil proceedings. On top of that, in pursuit of livening up this frequent topic, the thesis provides a critical analysis of the Children's Ombudsman bill that may give rise to an entirely new office of the Children's Ombudsman, which already exists in almost all EU member states, however, Czech Republic is not one of them. Therefore, a brief comparative study of several European legislations on Children's Ombudsman will be conducted. According to the bill, the potential Children's Ombudsman's authority should apply, inter alia, to some civil proceedings. Namely, the Children's Ombudsman would be entitled to initiate or participate in vast majority of special court proceedings...

This study aimed to analyze how the Court of Appeal takes the child's best interest intoaccount when considering a custody transfer decision in favor of the family homeparents. The analysis of this study´s chosen Court of Appeal judgements were codedthrough a thematic analysis to gather recurring patterns in the Court of Appealsestablishment of the child's best interest. Some of the most recurring patterns that thestudy concluded were the child's needs, the child's own will on the basis of age andmaturity, the biological parents adequacy as well as if there had been any functioningaccess between the biological parents and the child during the time of placement in thefamily home. The results were analyzed through the attachment theory as well as antheory of legal interpretation, which led to an understanding of the part attachmenttheory plays in custody cases, both the child's attachment to its biological parents andfamily home parents. The study could also conclude that the interpretation of the child'sbest interest in a legal matter depended on how the child's legal role was considered bythe Court of Appeal. The consideration of the child's best interest were seen to varybetween cases that led to an transfer of custody for the family home parents and caseswhere the custody transfer were rejected, based on what the Court of Appeal consideredthe Child´s best interesest to be in each particular case. / Denna studie syftade till att analysera hur hovrätten beaktar barnets bästa i rättsfall somgäller vårdnadsöverflytt till familjehemsföräldrar. Studiens valda hovrättsdomar analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys Återkommande mönster i hur hovrätten argumenterade för-, och fastställde barnets bästa i sin bedömning eftersöktes. Några av de meståterkommande mönstren tematiserades under rubrikerna barnets behov, barnets egenvilja utifrån ålder och mognad, de biologiska föräldrarnas lämplighet och ett fungerande umgänge under tiden för placering. Resultatet analyserades utifrån ett anknytningsteoretiskt- och ett rättsteoretiskt perspektiv, vilket bidrog till en djupare analys avanknytningens roll i en vårdnadsöverflytt, både barnets anknytning till de biologiskaföräldrarna såväl som till familjehemsföräldrarna. Även framkom det att beroende påhur hovrätten ser barnets roll i en rättslig process, så varierar tolkningen av barnetsbästa. Hur hovrätten beaktade barnets bästa skiljde sig i de domar som kom att leda tillen vårdnadsöverflytt, kontra de domar som kom att leda till ett avslag i frågan om envårdnadsöverflytt på så sätt att det som ansågs vara barnets bästa, skiljde sig från fall tillfall.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre, à partir de leur point de vue, le vécu des enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans qui sont placés dans des ressources d’accueil et qui vivent l’expérience d’avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de douze enfants hébergés dans des unités de vie, foyers de groupe ou ressources intermédiaires du Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire et du Centre jeunesse de la Montérégie. Les entrevues réalisées auprès des enfants ont été soumises à une analyse de contenu thématique. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les enfants ne comprennent pas toujours bien les raisons qui justifient la mise en place de visites supervisées, ni le rôle des adultes dans les décisions, ni celui du tiers durant les visites. De façon générale, les enfants sont favorables au maintien des contacts avec leurs parents, mais sont plus critiques face aux cadres imposés par ces visites. Il ressort également de l’étude que les enfants sont très peu consultés en lien avec l’organisation et la planification de leurs visites et qu’ils souhaiteraient l’être davantage. Les enfants ont rapporté de nombreuses insatisfactions en lien avec les modalités organisationnelles des visites. L’analyse du discours qui a été menée a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les visites supervisées sont une source de stress importante pour l’enfant. La création d’un guide d’information destiné aux enfants pour expliquer ce qu’est une visite supervisée, les raisons de sa mise en place, ses buts et ses objectifs serait une piste intéressante à explorer. / The main objective of this research is to provide a better understanding of the experience of children aged between six and twelve years old, placed in care and having supervised visits with their parents, based on the child’s perspective. To be able to do this, semi-directed interviews were made with twelve children either living in family living unit, group home and intermediary units at the Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire and the Centre jeunesse de la Montérégie. Interviews done with the children were subjected to thematic content analysis. The results demonstrated that children do not always understand the reasons leading to the implementation of supervised visits with their parents, the role of adults in the decisions and the role of the social worker during the visit. Generally speaking, children are favorable with the idea of maintaining contacts with their parents; nevertheless, they demonstrate more criticism with the framework imposed to them during visitation. The study also reveals that children are seldom consulted with regards to the organisation and planning of the visitation and they wish they would play a more active role. As well, children report numerous dissatisfaction in relation with organisational arrangements of visitation. The child discourse analysis enables to demonstrate that supervised visitation are an important source of stress for the child. Therefore, providing an information guide meant for the children aiming at explaining what the meaning of a supervised visit is, why is it implemented and what are the aims and objectives, would be an interesting avenue to explore.

Cette thèse de caractère pluridisciplinaire traite des progrès de la biologie de la reproduction dans le domaine de l’infertilité face à la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant (CIDE) des Nation-unies. La première partie montre que, en France, il y a conciliation entre l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant et l’assistance médicale à la procréation, encadrée par le triptyque des lois de bioéthique de 1994. La deuxième partie traite des dérives de ces techniques pratiquées à des fins sociétales et non médicales. Des parents intentionnels désireux d’un « enfant à tout prix », puisque la loi n° 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de même sexe n’a pas « ouvert » le droit à l’accès de ces techniques de reproduction assistée, se rendent au cours d’un « tourisme procréatif » dans un pays où la maternité de substitution ou gestation pour autrui (GPA) est licite et ont un enfant grâce à une mère de substitution, qui assure la gestation de l’embryon, puis du foetus via une fécondation in vitro. Mais lors du retour en France de l’enfant, eu égard aux articles 16-7 et 16-9 du code civil, se pose le problème de la filiation de l’enfant sans compter sur les risques de la maternité de substitution, d’où l’incompatibilité des techniques de reproduction assistée à des fins sociétales avec la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant, l’adage latin "mater semper certa est" étant la garantie de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. / This thesis has a plurisdisciplinary approach and deals with the improvements of biology of reproduction in the field of infertility regarding the International Convention on the Rights of the Child of the United Nations (ICRCUN). The first part shows, that in France, there is conciliation between the best interests of the child and the medical assistance to procreation, legalised by the triptych of the bioethics law of 1994. The second part deals with the drifts of those practices used for societal ends and not medical. Intended parents willing to have “a child at all costs”, as the law n° 2013-404 of May 17, 2013 allowing the marriage to couples of the same sex has not “allowed” the right to have access to thoses technics of assisted reproduction, do “procreative tourism” and go to a country in which the surrogate maternity or gestational surrogacy (GS) is legal and have a child thanks to surrogate mother who ensures the gestation of the embryo, and the foetus through an in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, back to France, according to articles 16-7 and 16-9 of the Civil Code, the issue of the filiation of the child arises, without counting on the risks of the surrogate maternity, hence the incompatibility of the methods of assisted reproduction to societal purposes with the International on Rights of the child, the Latin proverb "mater semper certa est" being the guarantee of the best interest of the child.