Investigar os sinais relacionados aos problemas de desenvolvimento em bebês passou a despertar o interesse de diversos pesquisadores em razão das intervenções ocorridas durante a instalação de um sintoma serem mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da criança. Dentre os transtornos da primeira infância, os quadros de autismo são os que podem levar a incapacitações das mais severas. No contexto da saúde coletiva, é vantajoso que os profissionais possam detectar sinais de problemas de desenvolvimento associados ao autismo sem a necessidade da aplicação de protocolos específicos. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório que investiga se os bebês que estejam se desenvolvendo em um percurso autístico serão considerados com problemas de desenvolvimento pelo Protocolo IRDI instrumento inespecífico para diagnóstico. Para tanto, foram comparados resultados do IRDI e do M-CHAT (instrumento específico para autismo) em 43 bebês. O estudo demonstrou que dentre os riscos detectados pelo IRDI também o autismo é detectado. A partir desta constatação, foram investigados se os conceitos da psicanálise, presentes nos 4 eixos teóricos que deram origem ao IRDI, poderiam auxiliar para aumentar a compreensão do autismo e como o Protocolo poderia contribuir para a subjetividade comparecer durante a avaliação do bebê e dos seus cuidadores. Foi realizado ainda um estudo estatístico descritivo e discutidas vinhetas clínicas, o que circunscreve as análises nos campos coletivo e singular. Com relação aos eixos, o estudo verifica a possibilidade de o eixo Suposição de Sujeito não diferenciar bebês com problemas de desenvolvimento associados ao autismo daqueles que apresentam um desenvolvimento típico. E o eixo Alternância Presença/Ausência parece ser aquele que mais distingue estes bebês. As vinhetas clínicas demonstraram que o IRDI pode ser usado como um operador de leitura, que auxilia a compreensão de dinâmicas familiares e que tem potencial para orientar intervenções pontuais no momento da avaliação. Por fim, destaca-se o papel exercido pelo profissional que está a frente das avaliações, sua formação, mas também sentimentos contratransferênciais, para que a subjetividade das famílias compareça e para que o IRDI possa de fato ser utilizado como operador de leitura / The investigation on the signs of developmental problems in infants has been an area of interest for several researchers since interventions that occur during the establishment of a symptom are more favorable for development. Among infancy disorders, autism conditions are those that can lead to the most severe disabilities. Within the context of collective health, it is useful that professionals are able to identify signs of developmental problems associated with autism , without the need to apply specific protocols. The present work is an exploratory study that investigates whether infants who are progressing into autism, will be considered bearing developmental disabilities by IRDI Protocol a nonspecific instrument for diagnosis. For this reason, we compared IRDI results with those of M-CHAT (specific instrument to autism ) in 43 babies. The results indicate that among the risks detected by IRDI without diagnostic specificity, autism is also detected. Hence, we investigated if concepts of psychoanalysis present in 4 theoretical axes that gave rise to IRDI could assist in a better understanding of autism. Furthermore, how the Protocol could contribute for subjectivity turning up during baby and caregiver evaluation. On this account, we made a descriptive statistical study and discussion of clinical vignettes , which limited the analyzes in the collective and singular fields. With respect to the theoretical axes, there is a possibility that the shaft Subject Supposition does not differentiate babies with development problems associated with autism. The Switching Presence/Absence axis seems to be the one that most differentiates those babies. The clinical vignettes showed that IRDI can be used as a reading operator that would help the understanding of family dynamics and that has the potential to guide targeted interventions at the time of evaluation. Finally, we highlight the role played by the professional who is responsible for the evaluation: their training and countertransference feelings , so that the subjectivity of families turns up and IRDI can actually be used as a reading operator

No description available.

Title: Attitudes of UK FTVS students to summer camps for children Objectives: The main aim of this work is to find out what was benefit of children 's camps for UK FTVS students and what they are currently attitude. Methods: The research was divided into two parts. In part A I used the method of questioning followed by analysis. In testing were 175 participants. I interviewed students of the Charles University FTVS and it took period from June 2018 to July 2019. The data were subsequently evaluated using classical statistical methods and interpreted by graphs and frequency tables. Part B conducted semi-structured interviews with 9 probands who were selected as a representative sample based on Part A interviews. The data were evaluated by basic statistical methods, exactly by using the frequency table and Likert's scaling method to determine the level of attitudes among respondents. Results: In part A we find out that only 7% of the individuals in the sample had never participated in a children's summer camp. It was also found that fourteen respondents of the whole sample had a negative attitude to the camps, equivalent is 8%. Participants of one or two camps reported a negative attitude in 28% (ten of twenty six). In the second group, three to six camps, it was 5% of cases (three of fifty three)....

A educação de crianças tem gerado inquietações na atualidade e observa-se que pais e professores demonstram dificuldades para delimitar seus papéis e ações no que se refere à colocação de limites. Tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais, este estudo investigou as representações de mães e professoras sobre limites no desenvolvimento infantil com o objetivo de compreender como estas se relacionam com as práticas educativas. O estudo contou com a participação de 14 mães e 8 professoras de educação infantil de escolas particulares de Porto Alegre. A entrevista narrativa e a análise de conteúdo foram utilizadas, respectivamente, como procedimentos de coleta de dados e análise. Os resultados indicaram a representação de limites, preferentemente, como fronteiras a serem respeitadas em prol da moralidade. O uso do diálogo é um recurso presente nas narrativas das mães e professoras, assim como a necessidade de tolerância. Mães e professoras demonstram muitas dúvidas, culpas e inseguranças que repercutem no desenvolvimento dos limites das crianças. As professoras atribuem a responsabilidade da falta de limites às famílias. Já as mães não percebem a escola como uma aliada na educação das crianças. / Nowadays, children’s education is generating apprehension in parents and teachers who show difficulties in delimiting their roles and actions when related to the placing of limits. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, the present study investigated the social representations of mothers and teachers about limits in children’s development with the aim of understanding how these representations relate with educational practices. Fourteen mothers and eight teachers of private preschools of Porto Alegre participated in the study. Narrative interviews and content analysis were used respectively as procedures of data collection and data analysis. Results indicated the representation of limits mainly as barriers to be respected in favor of morality. The use of dialogue is a resource used in the narratives of mothers and teachers as well as the need for tolerance. Mothers and teachers show many doubts, guilt and lack of security that reflect in children’s development of limits. Teachers attribute the lack of limits to families and mothers do not consider school as an allied in children’s education.

A educação de crianças tem gerado inquietações na atualidade e observa-se que pais e professores demonstram dificuldades para delimitar seus papéis e ações no que se refere à colocação de limites. Tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais, este estudo investigou as representações de mães e professoras sobre limites no desenvolvimento infantil com o objetivo de compreender como estas se relacionam com as práticas educativas. O estudo contou com a participação de 14 mães e 8 professoras de educação infantil de escolas particulares de Porto Alegre. A entrevista narrativa e a análise de conteúdo foram utilizadas, respectivamente, como procedimentos de coleta de dados e análise. Os resultados indicaram a representação de limites, preferentemente, como fronteiras a serem respeitadas em prol da moralidade. O uso do diálogo é um recurso presente nas narrativas das mães e professoras, assim como a necessidade de tolerância. Mães e professoras demonstram muitas dúvidas, culpas e inseguranças que repercutem no desenvolvimento dos limites das crianças. As professoras atribuem a responsabilidade da falta de limites às famílias. Já as mães não percebem a escola como uma aliada na educação das crianças. / Nowadays, children’s education is generating apprehension in parents and teachers who show difficulties in delimiting their roles and actions when related to the placing of limits. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, the present study investigated the social representations of mothers and teachers about limits in children’s development with the aim of understanding how these representations relate with educational practices. Fourteen mothers and eight teachers of private preschools of Porto Alegre participated in the study. Narrative interviews and content analysis were used respectively as procedures of data collection and data analysis. Results indicated the representation of limits mainly as barriers to be respected in favor of morality. The use of dialogue is a resource used in the narratives of mothers and teachers as well as the need for tolerance. Mothers and teachers show many doubts, guilt and lack of security that reflect in children’s development of limits. Teachers attribute the lack of limits to families and mothers do not consider school as an allied in children’s education.

A educação de crianças tem gerado inquietações na atualidade e observa-se que pais e professores demonstram dificuldades para delimitar seus papéis e ações no que se refere à colocação de limites. Tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais, este estudo investigou as representações de mães e professoras sobre limites no desenvolvimento infantil com o objetivo de compreender como estas se relacionam com as práticas educativas. O estudo contou com a participação de 14 mães e 8 professoras de educação infantil de escolas particulares de Porto Alegre. A entrevista narrativa e a análise de conteúdo foram utilizadas, respectivamente, como procedimentos de coleta de dados e análise. Os resultados indicaram a representação de limites, preferentemente, como fronteiras a serem respeitadas em prol da moralidade. O uso do diálogo é um recurso presente nas narrativas das mães e professoras, assim como a necessidade de tolerância. Mães e professoras demonstram muitas dúvidas, culpas e inseguranças que repercutem no desenvolvimento dos limites das crianças. As professoras atribuem a responsabilidade da falta de limites às famílias. Já as mães não percebem a escola como uma aliada na educação das crianças. / Nowadays, children’s education is generating apprehension in parents and teachers who show difficulties in delimiting their roles and actions when related to the placing of limits. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, the present study investigated the social representations of mothers and teachers about limits in children’s development with the aim of understanding how these representations relate with educational practices. Fourteen mothers and eight teachers of private preschools of Porto Alegre participated in the study. Narrative interviews and content analysis were used respectively as procedures of data collection and data analysis. Results indicated the representation of limits mainly as barriers to be respected in favor of morality. The use of dialogue is a resource used in the narratives of mothers and teachers as well as the need for tolerance. Mothers and teachers show many doubts, guilt and lack of security that reflect in children’s development of limits. Teachers attribute the lack of limits to families and mothers do not consider school as an allied in children’s education.

Investigar os sinais relacionados aos problemas de desenvolvimento em bebês passou a despertar o interesse de diversos pesquisadores em razão das intervenções ocorridas durante a instalação de um sintoma serem mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da criança. Dentre os transtornos da primeira infância, os quadros de autismo são os que podem levar a incapacitações das mais severas. No contexto da saúde coletiva, é vantajoso que os profissionais possam detectar sinais de problemas de desenvolvimento associados ao autismo sem a necessidade da aplicação de protocolos específicos. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório que investiga se os bebês que estejam se desenvolvendo em um percurso autístico serão considerados com problemas de desenvolvimento pelo Protocolo IRDI instrumento inespecífico para diagnóstico. Para tanto, foram comparados resultados do IRDI e do M-CHAT (instrumento específico para autismo) em 43 bebês. O estudo demonstrou que dentre os riscos detectados pelo IRDI também o autismo é detectado. A partir desta constatação, foram investigados se os conceitos da psicanálise, presentes nos 4 eixos teóricos que deram origem ao IRDI, poderiam auxiliar para aumentar a compreensão do autismo e como o Protocolo poderia contribuir para a subjetividade comparecer durante a avaliação do bebê e dos seus cuidadores. Foi realizado ainda um estudo estatístico descritivo e discutidas vinhetas clínicas, o que circunscreve as análises nos campos coletivo e singular. Com relação aos eixos, o estudo verifica a possibilidade de o eixo Suposição de Sujeito não diferenciar bebês com problemas de desenvolvimento associados ao autismo daqueles que apresentam um desenvolvimento típico. E o eixo Alternância Presença/Ausência parece ser aquele que mais distingue estes bebês. As vinhetas clínicas demonstraram que o IRDI pode ser usado como um operador de leitura, que auxilia a compreensão de dinâmicas familiares e que tem potencial para orientar intervenções pontuais no momento da avaliação. Por fim, destaca-se o papel exercido pelo profissional que está a frente das avaliações, sua formação, mas também sentimentos contratransferênciais, para que a subjetividade das famílias compareça e para que o IRDI possa de fato ser utilizado como operador de leitura / The investigation on the signs of developmental problems in infants has been an area of interest for several researchers since interventions that occur during the establishment of a symptom are more favorable for development. Among infancy disorders, autism conditions are those that can lead to the most severe disabilities. Within the context of collective health, it is useful that professionals are able to identify signs of developmental problems associated with autism , without the need to apply specific protocols. The present work is an exploratory study that investigates whether infants who are progressing into autism, will be considered bearing developmental disabilities by IRDI Protocol a nonspecific instrument for diagnosis. For this reason, we compared IRDI results with those of M-CHAT (specific instrument to autism ) in 43 babies. The results indicate that among the risks detected by IRDI without diagnostic specificity, autism is also detected. Hence, we investigated if concepts of psychoanalysis present in 4 theoretical axes that gave rise to IRDI could assist in a better understanding of autism. Furthermore, how the Protocol could contribute for subjectivity turning up during baby and caregiver evaluation. On this account, we made a descriptive statistical study and discussion of clinical vignettes , which limited the analyzes in the collective and singular fields. With respect to the theoretical axes, there is a possibility that the shaft Subject Supposition does not differentiate babies with development problems associated with autism. The Switching Presence/Absence axis seems to be the one that most differentiates those babies. The clinical vignettes showed that IRDI can be used as a reading operator that would help the understanding of family dynamics and that has the potential to guide targeted interventions at the time of evaluation. Finally, we highlight the role played by the professional who is responsible for the evaluation: their training and countertransference feelings , so that the subjectivity of families turns up and IRDI can actually be used as a reading operator

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-25T15:17:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andreajanuariodasilva.pdf: 7879109 bytes, checksum: 9f5caac2b5a01b90f4a3414be2faaddf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T15:29:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreajanuariodasilva.pdf: 7879109 bytes, checksum: 9f5caac2b5a01b90f4a3414be2faaddf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T15:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andreajanuariodasilva.pdf: 7879109 bytes, checksum: 9f5caac2b5a01b90f4a3414be2faaddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / O estudo pretendeu identificar os fatores de associação para morbimortalidade de neonatos egressos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal no município de Juiz de Fora e a frequência de morbidade e mortalidade comparadas com a da Vermont Oxford Network. Método: Estudo analítico-descritivo; coorte dos egressos das UTIN de Juiz de Fora. População do estudo: todos os pares de mães e recém-nascidos residentes em Juiz de Fora e que tiveram internação em UTIN em 2009 pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Duzentos e cinquenta e oito recém-nascidos e mães participaram deste trabalho. A inclusão de participantes iniciou em 01 de janeiro de 2009 e terminou no dia 31 de dezembro de 2009. Os dados foram coletados utilizando os formulários da Vermont Oxford Network (VON) e, para avaliação do desempenho motor, foi feito o Teste da Performance Motora Infantil (TIMP). Para comparação de proporções e médias, foram utilizados o qui-quadrado (c2) e o teste t. Para verificar a associação dos fatores obstétricos, perinatais e neonatais com a morbidade TIMP alterado e óbito foram feitas análises bivariadas e análises de regressão logística para identificação de fatores independentes associados ao desfecho. A análise foi feita utilizando o SPSS versão14 e o Minitab para Windows versão 12. Foram analisados os grupos de RN da população geral, menores de 1501g e maiores de 1500g. Resultados: 64,0% dos participantes tinham baixo peso ao nascimento, 67,1% eram prematuros e 59,7% do sexo masculino. Na comparação entre Juiz de Fora e VON, existiram diferenças significativas quanto às intercorrências, às intervenções e às morbidades nos sobreviventes (p ≤ 0,05). A sobrevivência dos usuários de UTIN em Juiz de Fora foi 84,9% e a frequência de morbidades 22,4%. Na análise dos fatores de risco para mortalidade dos usuários de UTIN as variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa na regressão logística foram: assistência ventilatória com máscara facial ou tubo orotraqueal nos dez primeiros minutos de vida e alteração do sistema nervoso central. Mais de um terço dos participantes apresentaram alteração no desenvolvimento motor no TIMP considerando desvio padrão de -1 ou menos. Na análise dos fatores de risco para alteração no desenvolvimento motor, as variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa na regressão logística foram: idade gestacional, sexo e convulsão. Conclusão: A comparação entre os dados coletados dos usuários de UTIN, atendidos pelo SUS, no município de Juiz de Fora com os dados derivados do banco da VON mostra que a frequência das complicações associadas às intercorrências e intervenções no pré-natal, perinatal e na UTIN foi, na maioria dos casos, maior em Juiz de Fora. Espera-se que uma estratégia terapêutica menos agressiva, baseada principalmente na prevenção e na gestão global da assistência, possa estar associada a melhorias nos desfechos clínicos em recém-nascidos usuários de UTIN. / This study aims to identify the correlated aspects that contribute for the morbimortality of newborn that has left Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) in Juiz de Fora. Another goal is to compare the morbidity and mortality rates with the rates indicated by Vermont Oxford Network. Method: Descriptive-analytical study, cohort of the NICU discharges in Juiz de Fora. Study population: all the mothers and their newborns that lives in Juiz de Fora and who were hospitalized in 2009 by Health Care (SUS). Two hundred fifty-eight newborns and their mothers took part of this work. The participants inclusion started on 01/01/2009 and finished on 12/31/2009. The data were collected by using Vermont Oxford Network (VON) forms. The children motor skill performance test (TIMP) was applied to evaluate the motor skills. Chi-square and the t-Test were used to compare proportions and averages. In order to verify the link among obstetrics, perinatal and neonatal data and the TIMP morbidity and death, bivariate and logistic regression analysis were done to identify the independent factors connect with the outcomes. The analysis were executed by SPSS version 14 and Minitab for windows version 12. It was analyzed newborns groups in general under 1501 grams and over 1500 grams. Results: 64,0% of the participants had low weight when they were born; 59,7% were male and 67,1% premature newborn. By comparing Juiz de Fora and VON, it was possible to realize that there were huge differences concerned to the intercurrences, interventions and the morbidity found in the survivals (p ≤ 0,05).The survival of NICU patients in Juiz de Fora was 84,9% and 22,4%the numbers of morbidity. By analyzing of the mortality risk factor for NICU patients, it was concluded that the variables that have shown a substantial connection with the logistic regression were: ventilatory assistance with facial mask within ten life minutes and the variation of the central nervous system. More than one third of the participants had some modification of the motor development at TIMP, considering the pattern deviation of -1 and -2. The analysis of risk factors that contributes for the alteration of the motor development concluded that the variables that have shown a substantial connection with the logistic regression were: gestational age, gender and seizures. Conclusion: The comparison of the data collected from NICU patients treated by Health Care (SUS) in Juiz de Fora with the data from VON bank shows that the frequency of the complications connected to the intercurrences and prenatal interventions, perinatal and at NICU were, in most cases, bigger in Juiz de Fora. It is expected that a suitable therapeutic strategy, based mainly on prevention and global assistance management, could bring some improvement of the clinical discharges of newborns treated at NICU.

The purpose of this study was to explore the unique experiences and specific needs of single parent families while assessing their level of stress raising a developmentally disabled child.

Il y a encore quelques années, être homosexuel, en couple et adopter un enfant relevait de l’utopie. Aujourd’hui, l’adoption par des couples homosexuels est devenue une réalité légale et une possibilité concrète dans plusieurs pays du monde.Pourtant, lorsqu’il faut placer les enfants dans des familles adoptives, l’orientation sexuelle des futurs parents demeure une question controversée qui divise l’opinion publique (Patterson, 2009). Souvent, le débat oppose « le droit de l’enfant », défendu par la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant, et « le droit à l’enfant », réclamé par les homosexuels ou sympathisants (Herbrand 2006).Entre les débats socio-politiques, les controverses de nature idéologique et éthique, ces nouvelles familles, de plus en plus nombreuses, affirment haut et fort leur droit à « sortir de l’oubli » et s’engagent dans une bataille dont l’objectif est de normaliser leur contexte familial aux yeux de la société.Malgré l’expansion de l’adoption homoparentale, l’expérience de vie de ces nouvelles familles est à peine abordée dans la littérature scientifique actuelle. En effet, même si, ces quarante dernières années, de nombreuses recherches ont été consacrées à l’homoparentalité, très peu d’études se sont focalisées sur les familles ayant choisi l’adoption comme mode de filiation, surtout dans le contexte européen.L’objectif de la présente recherche était de combler ce vide dans la littérature, en analysant les expériences de la première génération de familles adoptives homoparentales résidant en Europe. Pour ce faire, nous avons donné la parole à 31 familles adoptives homoparentales, sur un total de 62 parents adoptifs (46 gays et 16 lesbiennes) et de 44 enfants adoptés (entre 3 et 18 ans) en Belgique, France et Espagne.Ces trois pays ont été choisis pour les éléments qu’ils partagent ou qui les opposent dans le contexte socio-politique des droits des minorités sexuelles et la procédure d’adoption. La Belgique et l’Espagne sont considérées aujourd’hui comme deux des pays les plus avant-gardistes et gay- friendly en Europe et dans le monde entier. De fait, ces deux pays ont été parmi les premiers à ouvrir l’adoption aux couples de même sexe(respectivement en 2006 et 2005). En revanche, la France n’a légiféré sur cette question qu’en 2013, après des débats longs et houleux qui ont suscité de nombreuses réactions.Etudier les familles homoparentales dans ces trois pays nous a permis d’avoir accès à des situations d’adoption différentes: en effet, tous les participants belges ont adopté des enfants en bas âge via une procédure d’adoption conjointe nationale, tandis que tous les participants français et la plupart des espagnols ont adopté des enfants à l’étranger et généralement plus âgés, via une procédure où seul l’un des deux partenaires adoptait légalement l’enfant.La théorie qui a orienté notre étude est celle du cycle de vie de la famille adoptive (Brodzinsky, Smith & Brodzinsky, 1998; Brodzinsky & Pinderhughes, 2002; Hajal & Rosenberg, 1991). S’inspirant du schéma « classique » du cycle de vie (Carter & McGoldrick, 1980) cette théorie identifie des phases clef à travers lesquelles la famille adoptive transite :la phase pré-adoption, durant laquelle le couple est souvent confronté à l’infertilité et décide d’entamer un parcours adoptif ;la procédure d’adoption, souvent vécue comme un moment de stress et d’incertitude; l’arrivée de l’enfant dans la famille, suivie du processus de « parentage » de l’enfant adopté, différent en fonction de l’âge de celui-ci (préscolaire, scolaire, ou adolescent). Selon cette conception, à chaque étape du cycle de vie, la famille adoptive est confrontée à de nouveaux défis et tâches développementales, qui sont à la fois similaires et différents de ceux vécus par des familles non-adoptives.Cette recherche avait pour but d’éclairer à la fois le vécu des homoparents adoptifs et des enfants adoptés au sein de ces nouvelles familles, en analysant leurs expériences en fonction de l’étape de leur cycle de vie.En ce qui concerne les parents, nous avons analysé trois moments clefs: le processus décisionnel, le parcours d'adoption et leurs expériences en tant qu’homoparents suite à l'arrivée de l'enfant dans la famille. Plus précisément, les questions suivantes ont guidé notre recherche :quel cheminement a été celui des homoparents avant de choisir l'adoption ?Quels sont les enjeux de la transition à l’homoparentalité adoptive ?Et quels sont les défis et les tâches parentales auxquels ils sont confrontés suite à l’adoption ?Concernant les enfants, nous avons analysé leur construction identitaire à différentes étapes de leur développement. Notre attention s’est portée sur les questions suivantes :quelle est l’expérience subjective de ces enfants ?Quelles sont les spécificités de leur construction identitaire à l’intersection de la situation adoptive et homoparentale ?Quelles sont leurs questions, leurs demandes tout au long de leur développement ?Ainsi, un intérêt particulier a été consacré à la thématique de la perte des parents de naissance et à l'exploration de dynamiques familiales au tour de cette issue. Plus précisément, nous avons analysé la communication familiale concernant la « double appartenance » des enfants (famille d’origine et famille adoptive) afin de répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes :comment ces familles gèrent- elles la perte des parents d’origine ?Quels sont les sentiments des homoparents et des enfants adoptés vis-à-vis des parents de naissance? Et comment cela impacte-t-il les dynamiques familiales ?Du point de vue méthodologique, nous avons conduit des entretiens semi-structurés et soumis les homoparents et leurs enfants à un test projectif graphique (La Double Lune, Greco 1999). L’entretien visait à approfondir les expériences des participants ;le test projectif, en permettant d’accéder à une dimension «plus inconsciente », a complété les informations obtenues. Cet instrument projectif s’est révélé particulièrement utile pour l’exploration des sentiments et des dynamiques relationnelles autour de la thématique de la perte de la famille d’origine.L’originalité de la présente recherche consiste dans le fait qu’elle est pionnière dans le contexte européen ainsi que dans le domaine psychologique. Notre étude a le mérite de fournir des réponses scientifiques à une question sociale de grande actualité, en recentrant les débats sur les principaux intéressés :les homoparents et leurs enfants. Leurs récits nous ouvrent la porte à un nouvel univers familial, dont les « points de repères » et les critères sont uniques et nouveaux. Les familles adoptives homoparentales sont des avant-gardistes de la société, des petits laboratoires de nouveaux mondes possibles. Ces familles anticipent et précèdent. Par leur exemple, elles accélèrent les changements de la société, elles poussent vers le futur.Les expériences des familles rapportées dans la présente thèse nous amèneront, page après page, à déconstruire nos propres préconceptions de la famille, du couple et de la filiation et à porter de « nouveaux regards » qui permettent de saisir l’incontestable richesse dont ces nouvelles géométries familiales sont dépositaires. Leurs témoignages nous permettront de concevoir une nouvelle manière de faire famille, mais aussi de « repenser » et « réinventer » le principe de l’adoption, sur base de leur expérience inédite. / Only a few years ago, being homosexual, in a relationship, and adopting a child was a utopia. Nowadays, same-sex adoption is a legal reality and a concrete possibility in many countries in the world. However, the right of gay and lesbian people to adopt a child remains a controversial issue that strongly divides public opinion. In the debate there are often those who defend “the right of the child” (according to the International Convention on the Rights of the Child) and those, these being sexual minorities and their sympathisers, who defend “the right to a child” (Herbrand 2006). Among socio-political debates, ideological and ethical controversies, these new families, who are becoming more and more numerous, claim, loud and clear, their right to "emerge from oblivion" and engage in a "battle" of which the objective is to normalise their family context in the eyes of society.Despite the progressive diffusion of same-sex adoption, the life experiences of these new families remain practically unexplored in scientific literature. In fact, even if in the last 40 years a great deal of research was dedicated to same-sex parenting, very few studies focused on families who chose adoption as a pathway to parenthood. Especially in the European context, there is a dearth of data on this topic. In order to fill this gap in literature, the present research aimed to analyse the experiences of the first generation of gay and lesbian adoptive families living in Europe. To this end, we gave the floor to 31 adoptive same-sex families, totalling 62 adoptive parents (46 gay men and 16 lesbians) and 44 adopted children (between 3 and 18 years old) living in Belgium, France and Spain.The choice for these three countries was motivated by the fact that they have a number of elements in common but also differ at some points as to the socio-political context of the rights of sexual minorities and the adoption process.Nowadays, Belgium and Spain are considered to be two of the most avant-garde and gay friendly countries both in Europe and worldwide. These two countries were among the first to open adoption to same-sex couples (respectively in 2006 and 2005). In turn, France legislated this aspect only in 2013, after long and controversial social debates. Studying same-sex families in these three countries enabled us to have access to varied adoption situations: in fact, all Belgian participants adopted infants through a joint national adoption procedure, while all the French and most of Spanish participants adopted generally older children abroad, through an international adoption procedure in which only one of the two partners legally adopted the child.Our study was oriented by the adoptive family cycle theory (Brodzinsky et al. 1998; Brodzinsky & Pinderhughes, 2002; Hajal & Rosenberg, 1991). Inspired by the classic theory of the family life cycle (Carter & McGoldrick, 1980), this theory identifies key phases through which the adoptive family transits: the pre-adoptive phase, during which the couple is often confronted with infertility and decides to start an adoption path; the adoption process, often experienced as a period of stress and uncertainty; the arrival of the child in the family, and the successive process of parenting the adopted child which changes according to the child’s age (infancy, preschool, school, or adolescence years). According to this theory, in each stage of the life cycle adoptive families encounter new challenges and developmental tasks, which are both similar and different from those experienced by non-adoptive families.This research aimed to study the experiences of both same-sex parents and the adopted children in these new families, by taking the stage of the family life cycle in which they were into account.On the side of the same-sex parents, we analysed three key moments: the decision-making process, the adoption procedure and their daily experiences as same-sex parents after the arrival of the child in the family.More precisely, the following questions guided our research: What is the personal journey of gay and lesbian people before choosing adoption? What are the main barriers encountered during the transition to same-sex adoptive parenthood? What are the main challenges and parental tasks they face after adoption? On the side of the adopted children, we were interested in exploring their identity construction process at different stages of their development. Our attention was focused on the following research questions: What is the personal experience of these children? What are the specificities of their identity construction at the intersection of their adoptive and family minority statuses? What are their questions and their developmental issues during their growing years?In addition, special attention was paid to the theme of the loss of birth parents and to the exploration of family dynamics surrounding this issue.We particularly studied the family communication concerning the double family connection of adopted children (family of origin and adoptive family), answering the following research questions: How do these families deal with the theme of the loss of the birth family? What are the feelings of same-sex parents and their adopted children towards the birth family? How does this element impact the family dynamics?From a methodological point of view, we conducted semi-structured interviews and applied a projective graphical test (the Double Moon Test, Greco, 1999) to both same-sex parents and their children. The purpose of the interviews was to explore the participants' experiences, while the projective test enriched the information obtained through the interviews, giving access to a more "unconscious" dimension. This projective instrument in particular, proved to be very useful for the exploration of feelings and relational dynamics connected with the theme of the loss of the birth family.The originality of this research is that it is pioneering in the European context as well as in the field of psychology. Our study has the merit of providing scientific answers to a very topical social question, by refocusing debates on the main stakeholders: gay and lesbian parents and their children. Their stories lead us into a new family universe whose distinguishing features and criteria are unique and new. Same-sex families are the avant-garde of society, small laboratories of possible new worlds. These families anticipate and precede. By their example, they accelerate changes in society, they push towards the future. The experiences of the families reported in this thesis will induce us, page after page, to deconstruct our own preconceptions of family, couples and filiation and bring about "a new perspective" that allows us to grasp the undeniable wealth for which these new family geometries are custodians. Their testimonies will allow us to imagine a new way of being a family, but also to "rethink" and "reinvent" the adoption clinic, based on their unique experience. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished