A presente pesquisa pretende verificar a compatibilidade do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro com o sistema de precedentes; pretende apurar a viabilidade da introdução do stare decisis em sistema predominantemente de direito legislado. A análise parte de uma comparação histórica entre a tradição romano-canônica e o common law, a fim de identificar as origens, momentos de divergências e o atual estágio de aproximação, sob a ideia de que representam as tradições, em conjunto, uma grande tradição jurídica ocidental. A partir dessa origem histórica, a pesquisa avança à análise do perfil estrutural-funcional de cada uma das tradições, com a identificação dos instrumentos e dos métodos de aplicação do direito, além do perfil das respectivas interpretações jurídicas. Ainda, propõe-se a aferir a superação do paradigma racionalista, na faceta do paradigma ideológico, que afasta do Poder Judiciário do civil law o papel de participação ativa na criação de direito. Sob os avanços da teoria da interpretação jurídica e das novas funções atribuídas aos tribunais de vértice, a pesquisa busca ainda identificar uma norma constitucional que impõe a utilização de precedentes no direito brasileiro. / This research investigates the compatibility of the brazilian legal system with the doctrine of precedents; investigates the possibillity of introducing the stare decisis in a statutory legal system. The analysis starts from a historical comparison between the civil law and the common law traditions, in order to identify the origins, moments of divergences and the current stage of proximity, with the north that the traditions, together, represents a large western legal tradition. From this historical background, the research advances to the analysis of structural and functional profile of each of the traditions, identifying the instruments and the methods of application of law, besides the related legal interpretations theory. In addition, the research seeks to check the resilience of the rationalist paradigm, on the ideological fashion, that removes from the civil law’s judiciary any participation in the creation of law. Under the advances of the legal interpretation theory and the new tasks assigned to the superior courts, this research also seeks to identify a constitutional rule to impose the use of precedents in brazilian law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Rahal Canado.pdf: 1344555 bytes, checksum: ce50353e26b3a9ff2505c55d9603a027 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the role of the judicial decisions for regulating paying taxes behavior, from the diagnosis of the fallibility of the positive law (statutes). The impossibility of the general and abstract rules, the distinctive characteristic of civil law, to instruct adequately the paying taxes behavior, conduct to judicial decisions the role of defining the existence of tax obligations (as typically occurs in common law systems). A critical analysis of the main characteristics of civil law allows demystify some perceptions that prevent this appreciation of the judicial decisions, especially that the statutes would be the primary source and the judicial decision has a secondary role. From the observation of the role of judicial decisions to ensure the Rule of Law for tax purposes, even in civil law countries, we propose a new concept of Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária the essential rule designed for paying taxes which takes into account not only the general and abstract rules from statutes but also those statements from judicial decisions. This perspective aims to propose a more precise standard for paying taxes behavior and, therefore, a more effective idea of Rule of Law for tax purposes. It is necessary to warn that it is not any judicial decision that is able to integrate the set of statements of the tax incidence rule (Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária). For the judicial decision to be able to collaborate to establish general standards of paying taxes behavior they must be final and the Courts must be committed to binding prior understandings, as it occurs in common law countries / O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar o papel da jurisprudência para regulação de condutas no direito tributário, a partir do diagnóstico de falibilidade do direito positivo. A impossibilidade de as normas gerais e abstratas, características do civil law, informarem de forma suficiente a conduta a ser seguida, desloca para as decisões judiciais (como tipicamente ocorre no sistema common law) o papel de delimitar a existência das obrigações tributárias. A análise crítica das principais características do civil law permite desmistificar algumas percepções que impedem essa valorização da decisão judicial, especialmente a de que a lei seria fonte primária, tendo a jurisprudência um papel secundário. A partir da constatação do papel fundamental das decisões judiciais para garantia da legalidade tributária, mesmo nos países de civil law, propomos uma nova concepção de Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária, que leva em consideração não só os enunciados prescritivos das normas gerais e abstratas, mas também aqueles presentes na jurisprudência. Essa perspectiva tem o objetivo de propor uma norma de conduta mais precisa e, com isso, uma ideia de legalidade tributária mais efetiva. É necessário alertar que não é qualquer decisão judicial que está apta a integrar-se aos enunciados de normas gerais e abstratas. Para que a jurisprudência seja capaz de colaborar na delimitação de normas gerais de conduta tem de ser ela colhida de tribunais superiores e deve haver comprometimento de vinculação de entendimentos anteriores ao julgamento de casos posteriores, assim como ocorre nos países de common law

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Asbahr Miglioli.pdf: 499058 bytes, checksum: d53242a7145fcd5c5fd05b14ff90b3a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-10 / The present work aims to study the institute of the assignment of the contract from the conceptualizing and analyzing their effects in relation to the parties to it. To the reader has a better understanding of the topic, a brief approach to contractual principles will be taken. Several theories on the subject were found and will be analyzed and differentiated as well as will be made clear which one is currently the most accepted by the executors of law. The requirements of the assignment of contractual position will be addressed and analyzed the legal nature of the institute so we can differentiate it from the other institutes that are close to it. Will address the three figures involved in the assignment of contractual position as well as the effects of the transfer on the legal relations between them. As there is discussion regarding the nomenclature of the subject studied herein, will be discussed on the two most common, assignment of contractual position and assignment of contract, analyzing what would be the technically correct. The conclusions on the subject, as any subject in law, are relative and have only the pretense of showing the line taken in this work, without which disregard the importance of the arguments adopted by the contrary, fundamental positions for critical elaboration of this monograph / O presente trabalho visa o estudo do instituto da cessão da posição contratual conceituando-o e analisando seus efeitos em relação às partes nele envolvidas. Para que o leitor tenha uma melhor compreensão do tema, será feita uma breve abordagem sobre princípios contratuais. Diversas teorias a respeito do tema foram encontradas e serão analisadas e diferenciadas, bem como será esclarecido qual delas é hoje a mais aceita pelos aplicadores do direito. Serão abordados os requisitos da cessão da posição contratual e analisada a natureza jurídica do instituto para que possamos diferenciá-lo dos demais institutos que a ele se aproximam. Serão abordadas as três figuras envolvidas na cessão da posição contratual, bem como os efeitos da cessão nas relações jurídicas entre elas. Como há discussão quanto a nomenclatura do tema ora estudado, será discutido sobre os dois mais usuais, cessão de posição contratual e cessão de contrato, analisando qual seria o mais tecnicamente correto. As conclusões a respeito do tema, como qualquer assunto em Direito, são relativas e têm apenas a pretensão de demonstrar a linha adotada nesse trabalho, sem que se desconsidere a importância dos argumentos adotados pelas posições contrárias, fundamentais para a elaboração crítica desta monografia

The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is responsible for interdicting unauthorized entry into the U.S. The USBP must decide how to allocate its detection and interdiction assets to maximize the probability of catching illegal aliens along the border. We study the case where an infiltrator can observe USBP preparations, and then choose a path into the U.S. We define the infiltrator's courses of actions to maximize the probability of escape, and then express the USPB's courses of actions to minimize that maximum achievable probability of escape. This case applies especially well to a signal entry, e.g. a well-planned, one-time smuggling of a weapon of mass destruction. We solve a sample problem for the U.S. Mexican border near Yuma, Arizona.

This thesis entitled "Basics of liability for damage in civil law" examines general legislative, regulations and principles of damage liability. It focuses mainly on the comparison between the ways this issue is treated in the Act No. 40/1964 Coll., the old Civil Code, and the current one No. 89/2012 Coll. Where appropriate, comparison is also made to civil liability in the Dutch Civil Code. The concept of the thesis is based on the essential regulations of the above- mentioned Civil Codes. One of my aims was to identify and explain the basic issues of liability for damage including possibilities of both damage prevention and conditions of damages. The question of damage prevention can be considered the most important part of civil liability for damage, as only with the complete knowledge of legal regulations and judicial practice can it be interpreted and put into practice without any complications. The thesis consists of four main parts, each of which is further divided into more detailed subsections. The central parts concentrate on some of the questions the acceptance of the new Civil Code has brought and on the essential reforms that have consequently been carried out, where the institute of liability for damage is only little subsection. The first part "General explanation of civil liability and...

1 RESUMÉ Corporate Income Tax The aim of this diploma thesis on "Corporate Income Tax" is to outline the current legal background of the corporate income tax and asses and evaluate the most substantial changes regarding the Act no. 586/1992 Coll., Income Tax Act, as amended that have become effective as of January 1, 2014. The changes discussed in this thesis include especially, but are not limited to, the changes adopted in connection with the recodification of Czech Civil Law. This thesis consists of Preamble, Chapters 1 through 4 and Conclusion. Chapter 1 "Tax and the Czech Tax System" addresses taxes and the tax system within the meaning of a general theory of tax law. This Chapter provides a general introduction to the concept of taxes, description of the purposes of taxes and the tax system and tax framework of the Czech Republic. Chapter 2 "Corporate Income Tax" provides analysis of the corporate income tax in accordance with the Income Tax Act. It focuses in particular on the key structural elements of the corporate income tax. i.e. subject and object of the tax, tax assessment base, tax rate and the taxation period. This Chapter aims not only to outline the current corporate income tax legislation, but also to point out the most substantial changes effective as of the beginning of the year of 2014...

1 This Master's degree thesis entitled "The main principles of liability for damage in civil law" is concerned with the general matters and principles of the legal regulation of liability for damage. The purpose of this study is to apprise the readers of the main principles of liability for damage, to explain the existing legal regulation of this institute and to point out to the extensive judicial practice in this legal area, which supplements the effective legal regulation in a considerable extent. The thesis focuses on the legal regulation of liability for damage contained in Act No. 40/1964 Coll., the Civil Code, and doesn't deal with the different legal regulation of liability for damage, which is included in the Commercial Code or in the Labour Code. In the present-day society causing harms is practically a day-to-day part of our lives. On the basis of this fact the institute of liability for damage is a frequently occurring, broad and interesting area of law. This is also the reason, why I chose this topic and why I want to clarify it to the readers. This thesis is composed of seven chapters, which focus on the most important issues concerned with liability for damage. The first chapter contains an explanation of the term of liability for damage and a general explanation of the legal regulation of...

Resume: This thesis deals with the general personality right of individuals and its civil law protection, proceedings in the first instance. Universal personal law as the law related to any natural person, is one of the fundamental human rights. As such, the imprescriptible right, not subject to the statute of limitations, irrevocable and inalienable. Protection of personal rights of individuals is therefore included nor in the Civil Code, as a basic private personal protection legislation, either in the constitutional order of the Czech Republic, especially in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, just as at regional and international protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. Civil Code, calculated individual rights (permissions), resulting from the protection of individual personality, only indicative, so that into the right to protection of personal rights of individuals includes the right to life and health, the right to civic honor and human dignity, right to privacy, the right to name and the rights to the statements of a personal nature. The protection of personality is largely shaping with the decision-making practice of courts and other personality rights arise from their conclusions. The range of civil remedies is quite broad. In my work I focuse on the protection of...

The topic of this Master's degree thesis is "Comparison of the legislation of the damage liability in the Czech and Austrian civil law". The purpose of the thesis is to give the general summary of the topic and to point out the main differences and similarities in the area of damage liability in the Czech and Austrian civil law. The core of the thesis consists in the comparison of the tort liability, i.e. damage liability arising from the illegal act (tort law) and the strict liability. The thesis should also verify, if the legislation of the damage liability in the traditional Austrian Code - Civil Code of Austria - is similar to the legislation in the Civil Code of the Czech Republic and if the Civil Code of Austria was an inspiration for the new Czech Civil Code. The thesis is composed of six chapters, the core could be found in the chapter two, four and five. Chapter One is a historical introduction and it describes the evolution of the civil law in the Austrian and Czech area. Chapter two is focused on the basic terminology and the key terms such as "damage liability" and "damages" and the constitution conditions of the damage liability as well as damages. The chapter gives a description of the main differences and similarities in the terminology in the both Codes. Chapter three examines the...

The thesis deals with legal tools for the protection of personal rights of an individual in civil law. The aim of diploma thesis is to show how important the protection of personal rights in our modern day society is, to analyse available instruments for the protection of general right to personality in civil law and to evaluate these instruments of protection as well as their ability to provide effective protection. The thesis is composed of Nine chapters in 78 pages of text. Chapter One deals with the introduction to the subject of the thesis and tries to capture the reader's focus, and also sets the theme of the thesis. Chapter Two explains the concept of general right to personality and its defining features along with its historical development. It is also focused on defining its place among other kinds of rights in our national legal system. The third chapter deals with legal guarantees of protection of personality on both the national and the international levels (based upon international treaties). It consists of three parts. The first part deals with constitutional law. Part Two describes international treaties which protect general right to personality. The third part deals with national statutes which define personality rights and legal instruments for their protection. Chapter Four is...