《莊子》自1881年透過巴爾福（Frederic Henry Balfour）的英譯傳入英語世界後，由於東西思維與文化差異，乃至部分內容的誤譯，以及《莊子》的閱讀困難等問題，致使英語學界的《莊子》研究百多年多一直徘徊在重複翻譯的階段，進一步就《莊子》文哲研究的拓展，相對顯得薄弱。中國學者對英語學界《莊子》研究的關注、討論及其成果的利用，更屬罕見。這對已然置身於世界文化語境的《莊子》研究而言，情況並不理想。 / 本文〈英語學界《莊子》文獻學研究〉，旨在從文獻學角度切入，總結英語學界的《莊子》文獻研究狀況，並提出文獻研究對解決《莊子》閱讀及翻譯困難的作用，以期對英語學界的《莊子》研究、中英學界《莊子》研究的交流，以至其他中國古籍的研究有所裨益。 / 第一章「緒論」，交代本論文的研究動機，英語學界《莊子》文獻研究的現狀，對關鍵詞進行界定，並申明本論文的研究目標、方法和意義。 / 第二章「英語學界莊子其人研究」，詳述英語學界的莊子生平事跡考證，包括莊子字號、居邑、時代及仕宦研究，從中總結英語學者對莊子其人研究的取態。 / 第三章「英語學界《莊子》校勘與翻譯」，先總結巴爾福、翟理斯（Herbert Allen Giles）及任博克（Brook Ziporyn）的《莊子》校勘、注釋等文獻工作成果，並論其得失；再總述歷來《莊子》英譯及英譯研究的概況及局限，特別指出英語學界缺乏對譯者選擇源語文本版本的研究，以期於後文開展有關中國文獻學對《莊子》英譯及研究重要性之討論。 / 第四章「英語學界《莊子》文獻研究成果述評」，總論葛瑞漢（Angus Charles Graham）、里瓦科諾爾（Livia Knaul）、羅浩（Harold Roth）、劉笑敢、何溪悟（Brian Howard Hoffert）以及麥大偉（David McCraw）的《莊子》文獻研究成果，以期勾勒英語學界的《莊子》文獻研究歷史及發展特點。 / 第五章「文獻研究對英語學界《莊子》研究的意義」，論述《莊子》的閱讀及翻譯困難，從版本校勘學、字詞註解及互見文獻三方面，考察文獻學對解決此困難的可能。 / 第六章「總結」，探究本論文所得出的結論及其意義，並指出今後進一步補充、深化和拓展英語學界《莊子》研究的可能方向。 / Zhuangzi, first introduced into the English-speaking world via F. H. Balfour’s 1881 translation, has, due to (1) the East-West cultural differences, (2) misinterpretation, and (3) its innate difficulties in reading, since languished at the stage of repetitive translation. Literary-philosophical research building thereon is hence restricted. Concerning this, the Chinese scholars’ attention has stayed scant, with their use of the research outcomes so attained negligible. This cannot be ideal for a world classic already situated against the global cultural context. / From a philological angle, this dissertation tracks the English-speaking academia’s philological research on Zhuangzi so far, scrutinises its current condition, and formulates a peculiarly philological solution to the difficulties in reading and translating Zhuangzi. These may contribute to the English-speaking academia’s research on Zhuangzi, the East-West exchange thereon, and the application of the same philological solution to the research and rereading of other Chinese ancient texts in general. / This dissertation is structured as follows: / Chapter 1 Introduction explains the objectives, methodology and the presumed significance of this research, defines keywords, and outlines the current condition of the English-speaking world’s philological research on Zhuangzi. / Chapter 2 Biographical Research on Zhuangzi in the Anglophone Academia summarises the Anglophone academia’s effort on ascertaining Zhuangzi’s biography, including his reputed style name and alias, domiciles, civil service and the various possible ages which his life could have spanned. From these this dissertation delineates the general approach that the English-speaking Zhuangzi research has taken towards the book’s purported author. / Chapter 3 The Collation, Examination and Translation of Zhuangzi in the Anglophone Academia traces the philological effort on the collation and textual correction of Zhuangzi from Balfour, Herbert A. Giles through Ziporyn Brook, and discusses their respective strengths and limitations. This chapter also sets out the overall condition and limitations of both the English translations of Zhuangzi and the research based on such translations. It examines the drawbacks incurred by the Anglophone academia’s indifference to the editions of the source texts upon which their research is built, and hence readies the later part of this dissertation for discussing the implications of Chinese philology to understanding, translating and researching Zhuangzi in a culturally disparate context overseas. / Chapter 4 The Anglophone Academia’s Philological Attainments on Zhuangzi Research: Review and Evaluation elaborates the research outcomes that the philological studies of Zhuangzi have accumulated in the West. Coverage includes A.C. Graham, Livia Knaul, Harold Roth, Liu Xiao-gan, Brian Hoffert and David McCraw, with a goal to outline the experience and features of the development of philological studies in the Anglophone academia. / Chapter 5 The Significance of Philological Studies to Zhuangzi Research in the Anglophone Academia specifies the major difficulties in reading and translating Zhuangzi, and how, from the philological methods of Edition Studies, Scholia on Words and Parallel Passages, a peculiar philological solution thereto may be formulated. / From the above Chapter 6 Conclusion draws a tentative conclusion, and explores the implications of this research and the ways forward for Zhuangzi studies, both in the Anglophone academia and in a broader context. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 吳家怡. / "2012年11月". / "2012 nian 11 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-228). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Wu Jiayi. / 中文提要 --- p.I / 英文提要 --- p.III / 目錄 --- p.V / Chapter 第一章、 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 研究方法與意義 --- p.1 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 關鍵詞界定 --- p.2 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 研究範圍 --- p.3 / Chapter 第五節、 --- 具體研究內容 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章、 --- 英語學界莊子其人研究 --- p.7 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 英語學界莊子生平事跡研究 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 英語學者對莊子生平研究的取態 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 小結 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章、 --- 英語學界《莊子》校勘與英譯 --- p.31 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 引言 --- p.31 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 英語學界《莊子》校勘工作 --- p.32 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 英語學界《莊子》英譯工作 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 小結 --- p.75 / Chapter 第四章、 --- 英語學界《莊子》研究成果述評 --- p.77 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 引言 --- p.77 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 葛瑞漢的《莊子》作者及文本結構研究 --- p.79 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 里瓦科諾爾的《莊子》佚篇研究 --- p.106 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 克里斯托福．蘭德的《莊子》作者及成書研究 --- p.126 / Chapter 第五節、 --- 羅浩的《莊子》作者研究 --- p.136 / Chapter 第六節、 --- 劉笑敢的《莊子》文獻疏證 --- p.148 / Chapter 第七節、 --- 何溪悟的《莊子》作者關係研究 --- p.150 / Chapter 第八節、 --- 麥大偉的《莊子》版本層次及作者研究 --- p.165 / Chapter 第九節、 --- 小結 --- p.168 / Chapter 第五章、 --- 文獻研究對英語學界《莊子》研究的意義 --- p.173 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 引言 --- p.173 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 《莊子》的閱讀及翻譯困難 --- p.174 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 文獻學對解決《莊子》閱讀及英譯困難的可能 --- p.183 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 小結 --- p.208 / Chapter 第六章、 --- 總結 --- p.209 / Chapter 第一節、 --- 跨越莊子生平事跡考證困難 --- p.209 / Chapter 第二節、 --- 譯者先行的《莊子》校勘及注釋工作 --- p.209 / Chapter 第三節、 --- 漸見規模但難以應用的《莊子》文獻研究進程 --- p.210 / Chapter 第四節、 --- 有效利用文獻學研究解決《莊子》的閱讀及翻譯困難 --- p.211 / Chapter 第五節、 --- 小結 --- p.213 / 參考書目

This thesis investigates the problem of contemporary historiography and regime representation in Flavian Rome through a close study of a text not usually read for such purposes but which has obvious promise for a study of this theme, the Jewish War of Flavius Josephus. Having surveyed the evolution of our conception of Josephus' relationship to Flavian power, taken a broad account of issues of political expression and regime representation in Flavian Rome outside Josephus and examined questions relating to the structure and date of the work, I will provide a series of thematically-focused readings of the three senior members of the Flavian family, Vespasian, Titus and Domitian, as represented by their contemporary and client Josephus. Key topics to be explored include the level of independence of Josephus' vision, his work's relationship to how the regime is depicted in other contemporary sources, how Josephus makes the Flavians serve his own agenda (which is distinct from the heavy focus of most previous scholarship on how Josephus served their agenda), and the viability and usefulness of certain types of reading practices relating to figured critique which have recently become influential in Josephan scholarship. The thesis offers a new approach to Josephus' relationship to the Flavian Dynasty and sheds new light on contemporary historiography and political expression in the Early Principate.

This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-08T20:22:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rafael Martins de Souza Almeida.pdf: 1989285 bytes, checksum: 74ba6444a5c929988d94c6c7e100b86a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T20:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rafael Martins de Souza Almeida.pdf: 1989285 bytes, checksum: 74ba6444a5c929988d94c6c7e100b86a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 / CAPES / This work presents and puts into practice a proposal of mediation in a ninth grade class of the Elementary School of the Pedro II College. The purpose of the classroom intervention was to bring the student closer to the masterpieces of universal literature, giving him an unique appropriation of the classics reading, without the usual barriers that make literary reading occupy a small space in Brazilian education. In its theoretical basis, the present study investigated the causes of this obstacle ? the passive acceptance of mass culture, formalist and technicist excesses, the advent of new media and technologies, prejudice about student capacity and school routine itself ? and examined the benefits that the reading of classics can bring to the reader ? the construction of an identity, the expansion of repertoire, some resourcefulness in using language and access to cultural heritage. The methodology of pedagogical application included the creation of a library atmosphere, the establishment of bridges to other spheres of art, culture and entertainment, the availability of free reading time and the maintenance of reading diaries, which constituted a corpus submitted to analysis in the chapter dedicated to the report of the experience. The classroom observations and the information extracted from the corpus ratified that the prolonged and autonomous reading of literature classics should play a central role in the school environment. / Este trabalho apresenta e p?e em pr?tica uma proposta de media??o em uma turma de nono ano do Ensino Fundamental do Col?gio Pedro II. A interven??o em sala de aula teve como objetivo a aproxima??o do aluno com as obras-primas da literatura universal, proporcionando-lhe uma apropria??o singular dos cl?ssicos lidos, sem as usuais barreiras que fazem a leitura liter?ria ocupar um espa?o pequeno no ensino brasileiro. Em sua fundamenta??o te?rica, o presente estudo investigou as causas desse entrave ? a aceita??o passiva da cultura de massa, os excessos formalistas e tecnicistas, o advento de novas m?dias e tecnologias, o preconceito quanto ? capacidade dos alunos e a pr?pria rotina escolar ? e examinou os benef?cios que a leitura dos cl?ssicos pode trazer para o leitor ? a constru??o de uma identidade, a amplia??o de repert?rio, a desenvoltura no uso da l?ngua e o acesso ? heran?a cultural. A metodologia da aplica??o pedag?gica incluiu a cria??o de uma atmosfera de biblioteca, o estabelecimento de pontes com outras esferas da arte, da cultura e do entretenimento, a disponibiliza??o de tempo para a leitura livre e a manuten??o de di?rios de leitura, os quais constitu?ram um corpus submetido a an?lise no cap?tulo dedicado ao relato da experi?ncia. As observa??es em sala de aula e as informa??es extra?das do corpus ratificaram que a leitura prolongada e aut?noma de cl?ssicos da literatura deve ter um papel central no ambiente escolar.

In this thesis I investigate the portrayal of women in Hip Hop as either a sista' or a ho, a dichotomy that mirrors the Freudian Madonna-whore complex prevalent in Western Society. Belittled and disparaged by the sexism implied by this dichotomy, women have become victims of various forms of misogynistic abuse. Queen Latifah stands up against this misogyny, using Hip Hop in the very way it was designed to be used “as a voice for the disenfranchised“ speaking out against the sexism in Hip Hop in the same way African American males use Hip Hop against White mainstream society. She thus challenges the sista'-ho dichotomy and becomes empowered to decry gender discrimination in the same way African American males become empowered to denounce racism through the performance of Hip Hop.

Charles de Valois (1446-1472) was a prince in fifteenth-century France. During his short lifetime, Charles endeavored to gain more authority while in conflict with his brother Louis XI, who was king. Although a minor political character in French history, Charles did demonstrate his power in several artistic ways. One commission by the young royal was a manuscript now known as the Hours of Charles of France. Two pages of this text, the Annunciation to the Virgin, are decorated with rich imagery and iconography used to exhibit Charles' desire for greater authority. The manuscript has only been discussed stylistically, and therefore this thesis examines the content of these pages in terms of secular imagery, religious symbolism, and the prince's connection to the priestly Virgin Mary. These aspects all relate to Charles' display of authority. To fully understand Charles' propaganda, this thesis first examines secular imagery within the manuscript pages. The analysis of worldly symbols of power, such as knighthood, fashion, ornamentation, and architecture, present Charles' desire for greater wealth and power. In addition, this thesis discusses the Virgin Mary in connection with the prince's political imaging. By looking at religious imagery that supports Mary in her role as priestess, this thesis considers how Charles attaches himself to her heightened power. Through both secular and spiritual characteristics, Charles' authority was elevated during a period of political uncertainty and monarchical unrest.

This paper addresses the collusion with and contradiction to patriarchal power structures of race and femininity in Yamada Eimi's Bedtime Eyes and Trash. In moments of Bedtime Eyes, particularly the final novella "Jesse," and Trash, Yamada contradicts her irresponsible portrayals of Japanese female and black male identity often found in her fiction. This paper will discuss ideological shifts in Yamada's narratives through a textual analysis of Bedtime Eyes and Trash, arguing that through changes in narrative that affect character development, "Jesse" and Trash begin to deconstruct some of the detrimental power structures that shape much Yamada's fictional works.

New forms of digital storytelling directly challenge conventional notions about adaptation by allowing for increased audience participation. Fans today exercise unprecedented levels of influence over how beloved stories are adapted. According to Thomas Leitch, fans have historically influenced certain adaptations by calling for increased fidelity. He refers to these adaptations, which resist the inevitability of infidelity to an unusual degree, as “exceptionally faithful.” Though rare, these efforts at fidelity are typically the result of fan demands. Ultimately, these seemingly faithful adaptations are more faithful to fan expectations than to their original texts. Scholarship is needed on the extensive influence of what I call “fan faithfulness,” particularly in new transmedia adaptations that directly empower fans. This paper seeks to shed light on the problem by first placing itself within the current scholarly conversation on fidelity and then exploring the historical relationship between fan demands and faithfulness. Traditional Jane Austen adaptations, which have so often been exceptionally faithful, will form the cornerstone of this analysis, as will The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, a 2012-2013 serialized YouTube adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. In direct and immediate response to audience demands, this series altered its characters and storylines to accord with fans' belief that Jane Austen was a feminist and that her books echoed that feminism. As The Lizzie Bennet Diaries' dedication to Austen's feminist themes powerfully shows, new transmedia storytelling allows fans unprecedented power in demanding fidelity and deciding what that faithfulness means.

The following is a new edition of PHerc. 698 cr. 3-4, including an introduction, English translation and commentary. An in-line reprint of PHerc. 19, including a new English translation, is also included for continuity of thought and language.

This thesis argues for the cultural space of late nineteenth-century Parisian shopgirls as a position of power. The shopgirls' role in society is an ambiguous position connecting fashion consumer culture, class divides, gender and identity perceptions, and the workspace. Using James Tissot's Femme à Paris series, specifically the image Demoiselles de Magasin, and Emile Zola's novel Au Bonheur des Dames as primary sources, I examine the role of the shopgirl as a liminal position within the definition of the iconic 'La Parisienne' woman. By looking at women's work and the role of shopgirls in the boutique and department store world of fashion and consumerism, we can see how shopgirls' unique position gives historical significance to this kind of work. By looking at painting and literature as primary media, we can see how pervasive the shopgirl and La Parisienne imagery really at this time. Using a feminist approach, this thesis shows how the shopgirl occupies a particular social space for women in nineteenth-century France, perhaps even a somewhat influential position in Parisian culture, as she is a primary facilitator in the fashion world for transmitting 'taste'— a marketable branding tool of French fashion that permeates the iconic ideals of French fashion.