Uppsatsen består av en komparativ studie gjord genom kritisk närläsning av två separata läromedel, Svenska impulser 3 (2013) och Svenska 3 – Helt enkelt (2015). Jämförelsen utgår från hur läromedlen konkretiserar det centrala innehållet och kunskapskraven som berör litteraturundervisning i kursen Svenska 3, och om de samverkar med didaktisk forskning och om de har ett formativt förhållningssätt. Att konkretisera det centrala innehållets roll och kunskapskraven har, sedan den nya kursplanen Gy11 släpptes, varit ett fortsatt dilemma. Det förklaras genom undersökningar från Skolverket. Resultatet visar att Svenska 3:s litteratursegment har konkretiserats på olika vis, trots att de utgått från samma centrala innehåll och kunskapskrav. Förutom konkretiseringen synliggörs också att de aktuella läromedlen förhåller sig till utvalda delar av Skolverkets didaktiska forskning och att läromedlen har ett formativt förhållningssätt. Likheterna och skillnaderna är också många i analysexemplen, något uppsatsen belyser. / The essay consists of a comparative study brought on by a critical close reading of two separate teaching aids, Svenska impulser 3 (2013) and Svenska 3 – Helt enkelt (2015). The comparison emanates from how the two teaching aids define the core content and knowledge requirements about literary studies in the upper secondary school course Swedish 3, and how they conspires with research in didactics and whether they have a formative approach or not. To define the core content’s role and to define the knowledge requirements has, since the new curriculum and syllabus Gy11 was released, been problematic. That is explained through enquiries made by Skolverket. The result shows that Svenska 3’s part about literary studies have been defined differently in the teaching aids, even though they transpire from the same core content and knowledge requirements. The teaching aids also relate to chosen parts of Skolverket’s research in didactics and they have a formative approach according to the analysis. The similarities and differences are plenty in the two examples, which the essay highlights.

Les graphes sont des objets couramment utilisés pour modéliser de nombreuses situations réelles comme des réseaux routiers, informatiques ou encore électriques. Ils permettent de résoudre des problèmes sur ces réseaux comme le routage (aller d'un sommet à un autre en suivant les arêtes du graphe) ou encore leur exploration (obtenir une carte du graphe étudié). Les réseaux étudiés, et donc les graphes qui les modélisent, peuvent être grands, c'est-à-dire avoir un très grand nombre de sommets. Dans ce cas, comme dans le cas de l'étude de grandes données en général, nous pouvons utiliser le paradigme << Diviser pour mieux régner >> pour répondre aux questions posées. En effet, en travaillant sur des petites parties du graphe et en fusionnant les résultats obtenus sur ces petites parties, on peut obtenir le résultat sur le graphe global. Dans ce document, nous présenterons une manière de décomposer les graphes en utilisant des plus courts chemins comme séparateurs. Cette décomposition permet d'obtenir, par exemple, un routage efficace, un étiquetage compacte pour pouvoir estimer les distances entre les sommets d'un graphe ou encore une navigation efficace dans les graphes<< petit monde >>. Cette méthode va nous permettre de définir de nouvelles classes de graphes. / Graphs are widely used to MODELISER a lot of real situations like road networks, computers networks or electricity ones. Using them, we can solve problems on these networks like routing (go from a vertex ti another one) or explore them (to have a map of studied graph).Studied networks, and so graphs which MODELISER them, can be large (i.e. have a lot of vertices). In this case, we can use the paradigm "Divide and conquer" to answer the questions. Indeed, working on small parts of graphs and merging the results on these small parts, we can obtain the result on the whole graph.In this document, we present a way to separate graphs using shortest paths like separators. This decomposition let to obtain a compact routing, a compact labeling to estimate the distance between vertices of the graph. This method let us to define new class of graphs.

Syftet har varit att undersöka och skapa en fördjupad förståelse för hur kuratorer inom psykiatrin upplever sitt arbete med att stödja barn som anhöriga till förälder med psykisk sjukdom/ohälsa. Utifrån ett kombinerat urval bestående av målinriktat urval och bekvämlighetsurval rekryterades fem respondenter från två orter i Sverige. Kvalitativ metod har använts bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer, vilka analyserats med tematisk analys. Resultaten visar att kuratorer arbetar på olika sätt med att ge stöd till barn som anhörig till förälder med psykisk ohälsa/sjukdom. Hinder som identifierats handlar om dels om förhållningssätt i form av fokus på de vuxna klienterna och rädsla för att bryta en allians till klienten om för mycket fokus läggs på ett barnperspektiv. Ett annat hinder är enligt kuratorerna resursbrist. Möjligheter som lyfts utgörs av förebyggande arbete. Slutsatserna från denna studie visar att kuratorers arbete med att stödja barn är komplext och att det kan behövas utvecklingsarbete för att komma till rätta med hinder och öka möjligheter att stödja barn som är anhörig till förälder med psykisk ohälsa/sjukdom. / The purpose of this study has been to investigate and provide an in-depth understanding of how counselors in psychiatry experience their work in supporting children as relatives of parents with mental illness/ill health. Based on a combined sample consisting of goal-oriented selection and convenience selection, five respondents were recruited from two locations in Sweden. A qualitative method has been used consisting of semi-structured interviews, and a thematic analysis has been carried out. The results show that counselors work in several different ways to provide support to children to a parent with mental ill-health/mental illness. Obstacles regarding providing support to children is a predominant focus on adults, fear of breaking an alliance with the adult client, and lack of resources. The results also show that the councelors’ view of opportunities is about preventive work. The conclusion from this study is that providing support to children is complex, and that development of work practices may be needed to come to terms with obstacles and create increased opportunities to support children to parents with mental ill health/mental illness.

DEUSOVA, Vendula. Psychosocial issues of people after stroke and their close persons. Prague 2021. Diploma thesis. Charles University Prague. Hussite theological faculty. Department of psychosocial sciences and ethics. Head of work Dr. Jirina Ondrusova, Ph.D. The theme of this thesis is psychosocial issues of people after stroke and close persons, who takes care about them. Theoretical part deals with the characteristics of strokes, risk factors, prevention, symptoms and treatment of ict. It also deals about the consequences rehabilitation of patients after stroke. The thought of how ictus affects and change existing behavior of person, who was affected, but also how affected close persons. Also describes options of formal support, social services, contributions and organizations, which helps to people after CMP. Theoretical chapters are added research part focused on quality in the form of semi-structured interviews with three people after CMP and three people which are close to them, and who takes care about them after ictus, or still they care about them. The aim of this diploma thesis is describe stroke as disease with serious consequences and summarize options formal support and help for people after ict and their close persons, and through research investigation map changes, which may occur...

Till följd av den utveckling som skett hos digitalkameror och programvaror för bildbehandling de senaste åren har intresset för fotobaserad skanning (FBS) vuxit. I denna studie utvärderades FBS som ett alternativ till terrester laserskanning (TLS) för statisk deformationsmätning och relaterade till kavitationsskador på vattenturbinkolvar där volym och maxdjup mäts. En stor del av syftet var att det skulle göras med simpla förutsättningar så att metoden blir enkel att utföra och tillämpbar framförallt i industrimiljöer. Simulerade deformationer skapades på en bräda i trä med en plan omgivande yta och på en boll i kork för att också undersöka en välvd yta. Fotograferingen utfördes med icke-professionella kameror, en digitalkamera och en smartphonekamera. Objekten som undersöktes hade en matt textur, bilderna togs med stor övertäckning (80–100%) och ljusförhållandena var goda för att undvika skuggning och blänk i bilderna. Det som utvärderades i studien var hur många kodade markörer som bör användas som konnektionspunkter för att förbättra bildmatchningen, optimalt antal skalstockar för skalsättning och vilken kameramodell och självkalibreringsmodell som gav den lägsta mätosäkerheten. Bildmatchningen och skapandet av 3D modellerna utfördes i programvaran Agisoft Photoscan. Analysen av modellerna utfördes i programvarorna 3DReshaper och CloudCompare. Resultaten utvärderades mot en skannad referensmodell framtagen med en ROMER Absolute Arm som har möjlighet att uppvisa mätosäkerheter på hundradels mm och kunde därmed anses som “sant” värde i denna studie. Resultatet visade att de kodade markörerna inte var nödvändiga som konnektionspunkter för bildmatchningen. Det visade även att oavsett kamera, självkalibreringsmodell och antal skalstockar (4, 3 &amp; 2) låg alla modeller under den tillåtna avvikelsen i volym och maxdjup som normen för kavitationsskador på vattenturbinkolvar föreskriver (IEC 60609-1, från Swedish Standards Institute). Normen anger att mätosäkerheten på metoden som används inte får överskrida ±15% från det sanna värdet. Den här metoden har här visat sig vara tillämpbar och kan ersätta TLS för dokumentation och avgjutning för uppmätning av statiska deformationer när kraven på en relativ mätosäkerhet är ±5% av det sanna värdet. / As a result of the development of digital cameras and image processing software in recent years, the interest in close-range photogrammetry (CRP) has grown. In this study, CRP was evaluated as an alternative method to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for static deformation measurements and it was related to cavitation damage on water turbine pistons where the volume and maximum depth is measured. A large part of the purpose of the study was that it should be done with simple conditions so that the method will be easy to carry out and applies especially in industrial environments. Simulated deformations were created on a wooden board with a flat surrounding surface, and on a ball made of cork. The shooting was done with non-professional cameras, a digital camera and a smartphone camera. The objects that was examined had a matte texture, the images were taken with a large overlap (80–100%) and the lighting conditions were good enough to avoid shading and glare in the pictures. What was evaluated in the study was how many coded markers that should be used to improve image alignment, what the optimal number of scale bars for scaling the model is, and which camera model and self-calibration model that gave the lowest measurement uncertainty. The alignment of the images and creation of the 3D-models of the deformations were performed in the software Agisoft Photoscan. The analysis of the models was performed in the softwares 3DReshaper and CloudCompare. The results were evaluated against a scanned reference model developed with a ROMER Absolute Arm which has the ability to display measurement uncertainties on hundreds of millimetres and could thus be considered as a “true” value in this study. The result showed that the coded markers were not necessary in the image alignment procedure. It also showed that, regardless of which camera, self- calibration model and number of scale bars (4, 3 &amp; 2), all the models created were below the permitted deviation in volume and maximum depth as the standard for cavitation damage on water turbine pistons (IEC 60609-1, from the Swedish Standards Institute) prescribes. The standard states that the measurement uncertainty of the method used must not exceed ±15% from the true value. This method has been found to be applicable and can replace TLS for documentation and volume measurement with a temporary filler for static deformations when the requirements for a relative measurement uncertainty are ±5% from the true value.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of nature close to the flood protection of the city Prostějov at the confluence of the watercourses Romže and Hloučely and the flow Valova (Romže). In canculations there was solved capacity of individual sections and canculation of levels for one-year, five-year and twenty-year flow. For canculations there was used one-dimensional mathematical model HEC-RAS 5.0.3. Determination of roughness of bottom and slopes was based on personal visit. The result of this diploma thesis is evaluation of current state and proposal of a nature close to the flood protection in the individual streams in the city Prostějov. The thesis contains the calculation part and the drawing part documenting the proposed measure.

The diploma thesis is consisting of two parts. Forepart is a theoretic survey. It construes basic office of the air conditioning and deal with used air conditioner arrangements. More deeply it deals with air conditioner systems with refrigerant and the air conditioning for electronic equipments. Project of split system for air conditioning lecture rooms and schoolrooms, and units for air conditioning rooms with cluster and server is processed in the second part. Project is derives from calculation thermal stress of air conditioned space. There is calculated price of air conditioner system and made comparison offers of several accessible suppliers. Elaboration drawing documentation of project is part of the diploma thesis.

Violence in close relationships is a big society problem both in Sweden and around the world. Most of the violence happens in the home, which results in that the violence remains a hidden problem. The purpose with this study was to increase knowledge of women's experiences of relationship violence and to see if there is a relation, between societies support and the desire to return to a destructive relationship. The study has had its starting point in a qualitative research method, where the collected empirical evidence was carried out through six qualitative interviews, to get closer to women's experiences of violence in close relationships. The collected empirical evidence was analyzed based on the sociological theoretics Cooley, Goffman, Connell and Homans. Earlier research shows that crime in close relationships is a society problem that has to be more enlightened to reduce vulnerability. Furthermore, you can see that women do not feel prioritized by the Justice system, which is one of the factors why they choose to go back to the relationship. The result shows that violence in close relationships occurs in all different ages, social classes and ethnicities. The violence can be both sexual, economical, material and physical where the perpetrator gradually is trying to take control over women's lives. The result shows that these specified women have a habit to return to relationships that involves domestic violence. They fall back into a relationship constituted by physical, psychological and finical violence. The research also proves that certain factors such as kids, lack of support, finical difficulties such as debts, guilt and shameful emotions holds a crucial role in the women’s decision-making process.

The aim of this study was to examine how women subjected to men’s violence in close relationships are presented from an intersectional perspective in two selected policy documents. To analyse the policy documents Carol Bacchi´s discourse analysis approach What´s the problem represented to be? was used to detect important patterns in the material. The study showed that the construction of women subjected to violence covers a series of conceptions regarding how women should act and a framing of the abused woman as the problem carrier. Results from the study showed a gender neutral discourse and that a part of the problem representation contains framings of the ideal violence. The study also showed that categories of women are presented in terms of particularly vulnerable groups which is mainly done in exclusionary ways. Depending on how social workers comprehend these guidelines women subjected to violence might be affected differently. The findings suggest that an awareness of social discourses is of importance because it may affect how violence against women is understood and how women subjected to violence is treated.

Kubhörnsreflektorer används som måltavlor med kontinuerlig och identifierbar reflekterad signalstyrka vid fjärranalys, bland annat för tekniken ”interferometric synthetic aperture radar” [InSAR]. Kubhörnsreflektorer tillämpas exempelvis för bevakning av sättningar i jordytan och kalibrering av [SAR]-system (”synthetic aperture radar”). Hur starkt en kubhörnsreflektor reflekterar satellitsignaler anges med ”radar cross section” [RCS], som minskar vid deformationer såsom avvikelse från ortogonalitet mellan reflektorplåtar, buktighet och ytoregelbundenheter. Därmed är det viktigt att kunna mäta och analysera sådana deformationer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur väl fotobaserad skanning [FBS] och terrester laserskanning [TLS] kan användas för att göra deformationsmätningar på kubhörnsreflektorer. En problematik med kubhörnsreflektorer är att ytorna vanligtvis är reflekterande och texturlösa.  Skanningen genomfördes i fältmiljö och FBS gjordes med en systemkamera. FBS-tekniken som användes i studien är baserad på Structure-from-Motion [SfM], vilket automatiserar bildmatchning och 3D-modellering. TLS utfördes med en Leica C10 på kort avstånd, cirka 2 m, från kubhörnsreflektorerna. Insamlade punktmoln segmenterades till separata punktmoln motsvarande de enskilda reflektorplåtarna och referensplan skapades för dessa. Referensplanen användes för att mäta vinklar mellan reflektorplåtar i alla punktmoln, med uppmätta avvikelser från ortogonalitet på 0–0,8°. Buktighet mättes som avstånd mellan plåtarnas punktmoln och referensplan och varierade mycket mellan de två reflektorernas sidor och mellan TLS och FBS, i ett spann från 0 till 6 mm. Ytoregelbundenheter i form av popnitar med storlek 0,6 mm kunde mätas i FBS-punktmoln. Mätosäkerheten var generellt något lägre för deformationsmätningar utifrån TLS jämfört med FBS i studien. Både TLS och FBS har begränsningar vid skanning av kubhörnsreflektorer på grund av reflektorernas ytegenskaper. För FBS kan dessa problem minskas med åtgärder i fält, såsom extra fokuspunkter och artificiell yttextur. TLS-resultat påverkades av infallsvinkeln mot reflektorplåtarna vid skanningen, eftersom en stor infallsvinkel leder till få returer och för liten infallsvinkel riskerar att leda till returer med hög intensitet (och felaktig position). Uppmätt deformation i studien skulle motsvara som mest en förlust på strax över en fjärdedel av det maximala RCS-värdet för den studerade reflektortypen. Den största RCS-förlusten i den här studien berodde på uppmätt buktighet i bottenplåten, i kontrast med att RCS-värdet enligt tidigare studier anses mer känsligt för avvikelse från ortogonalitet mellan reflektorplåtar. / Corner reflectors are used as targets with a continuous and identifiable reflected signal in remote sensing, commonly used with interferometric synthetic aperture radar [InSAR]. Corner reflectors are applied for monitoring crustal changes and calibrating synthetic aperture radar [SAR]-systems. The strength of the reflected radar signal is measured with radar cross section [RCS]. The RCS decreases if the reflector has deformations, such as deviation from orthogonality of the reflector plates, the plate curvature and surface irregularities. Therefore, it is important to be able to measure and analyse these kinds of deformations. The aim of this study was to examine how well close-range photogrammetry [CRP] and terrestrial laser scanning [TLS] can be used to measure deformations of corner reflectors. A problematic aspect of corner reflectors are their surfaces, that usually are reflective and textureless.  Scanning was conducted in a field environment and CRP was performed with a digital camera. The CRP-technique used in this study is based on Structure-from-Motion [SfM], which automates the image matching and 3D-modeling. TLS was done with a Leica C10 at short range from the corner reflector, about 2 m. The point clouds were segmented into separate point clouds for each reflector plate and reference planes were fitted to them. The reference planes were used to measure angles between reflector plates, with measured deviations from orthogonality between 0-0,8°. Plate curvature was measured as the distance from the point cloud to the reference plane and varied between the reflector sides and between TLS and CRP, in an interval from 0 to 6 mm. Surface irregularities in the shape of pop rivets, 0,6 mm in size, could be measured in the CRP-point clouds. Measurement uncertainties were generally lower in measurements based on TLS compared to CRP. Both TLS and CRP have limitations when scanning corner reflectors, caused by surface properties of the corner reflector. These problems can be reduced for CRP with certain field measures, such as extra focus points and artificial surface texture. The TLS results were affected by the incident angle while scanning, since a large incident angle leads to few return pulses and a too small incident angle may lead to returns with high intensity (and incorrect position). Measured deformation in this study would be equivalent to a reduction of RCS slightly above one fourth of the maximum RCS-value for the studied corner reflector type. In contrast to earlier studies, which say that RCS is most sensitive to lack of orthogonality between the plates, the largest reduction of RCS in this study was caused by the measured plate curvature of the bottom plate.