白蛇傳是從白蛇故事、傳說逐漸發展而成，直至馮夢龍《警世通言．白娘子永鎮雷峰塔》一出，被學者公認為白蛇傳故事的成型，自此，即成為地方戲曲熱門的表演曲目。民國以來，藝術形式發展得更多元，加上影音事業的起步，除了傳統的戲曲之外，白蛇傳在舞蹈、舞台劇、電視劇、電影皆有作品呈現。 　　關於白蛇傳的學術研究成果，多由文學、藝術等方向來分析，本文則是改以宗教學的視角來詮釋白蛇傳故事。首先，從源流探討先民如何從蛇圖騰崇拜，演進發展為龍神信仰。也因為古代民族對於蛇文化的崇拜，在傳說故事中，蛇扮演了重要的主角，其中，最著名的女蛇精，即是被鎮壓在雷峰塔下的白蛇，故知白蛇傳說是逐步推衍而成的一種民間敍事。 　　在宗教上，本文是以基督教、佛教、道教、民間信仰為例，說明蛇的形象與象徵意義。其次，由「精怪修煉」和「人的修行」二方面，來分析不同精怪、妖怪、鬼魅、魔神仔等異類的定義，並探討異類由蛇變人的緣由與目的。後以佛、道色彩的謫凡神話，和恩怨必報、宿緣說的論點，述說白蛇、青蛇、許宣、法海之間複雜的關係。 　　在白蛇傳中，白娘子在端午節喝下雄黃現出「原形」，故事背後具有豐富的端午民俗意涵，而現形後便涉及到「收妖」的部分。文中分析道士使用符、籙、咒的文化演變，和遣天兵神將的本領；次則分析法海這位高僧，運用神通及使用法器，展現高深莫測的收妖能力，以及在收伏白素貞之後，造塔（雷峰塔）鎮邪的經過。 　　如實存在的「雷峰塔」，具有歷史文化和宗教的意蘊，並呈現佛塔建築的高度藝術特色；又因塔位於西湖邊，更增添旅遊的價值。隨著時代的演變，從帝制進入民主政治初期，「雷峰塔」被投射成封建腐敗的舊禮教象徵。之後，兩岸因政治因素而無法自由往來時，「雷峰塔」旋即變成象徵政治影響的枷鎖。因此可說，「雷峰塔」不論在現實生活或是文本當中，皆具有多元豐富的意蘊。 　　綜言之，本文是以宗教學詮釋的視角來凸顯白蛇傳故事，亦旁及文化、民俗等向度的探討，期能在文學角度之外，呈現白蛇傳研究的新視域。 / The White Snake Legend was gradually evolved from the White Snake story.Until the Feng,Meng-long's "Jingshitongyan, The White Snake was kept squelching under the Leifeng Pagoda forever", the scholars considered it was the forming of the White Snake Legend. From then on, it became the popular repertoireof the local opera. Since the republic of China, the art forms developed diversifed.In aadtion to the growing up of the audio and video career, The Snake Story could be shown in the dancing, the theater, the drama and the film ways. Most of the academic research about The White Snake Legend were analyzed in literature and art ways. This thesis change the perspective of religious studies to explain the White Snake story.First of all,it explored from origins how the ancestors worshiped the snake totem , and then developed into the Dragon belief.The snake played an important leading role in the legends.Among them, the most famous female snake, that is, the white snake was suppressed under the Leifeng Pagoda.Therefore,it can be proved that The White Snake legend was a kind of narrative folk which was formed step by step. In the religion level,this thesis used the Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism,and the Chinese folk religion for example.Second,it analyzed the defention of different heterogeneous, such as the monsters, ghosts, devil-earners and the trickers, by the" Spirit practice and the "Human practice ". Then discussed the reason and the purpose of heterogeneous changed from the snake to be a human. Further, used the argument of the banishment myth of Buddhism and Taoism and the contention of grievances must be reported and the theory of the relationship predestined from a previous existence to describe the complex relationship between the White Snake, Green Snake, Xu Xuan, and Fahai. In the White Snake Legend, the White Snake drank the realgar and showed her original shape in the Dragon Boat Festival. The story implied abundant folk meaning of the Dragon Boat Festival. After showing her original shape,it related to the part of the revenue demon.In the script analyzed the cultural evolution of the priests used the symbol, the memo, and the curse and the ability of assigning the troops from heaven.Then analyzed the monks of Fahai who used the supernatural powers and the Buddhist instruments to show the enigmatic ability of closing demon and the process after subduing Bai Suzhen and then built the tower (Leifeng Pagoda) to repress the evil. The "Leifeng Pagoda" truthfully exist and has the meaning of historical and cultural and religious and shows a high degree of artistic features of the Pagoda building. Furthermore, the tower is located in the West Lake, which is added to the value of tourism.With the evolution from a monarchy into a early democratic political, the "Leifeng Pagoda" is a symbol of the projection into the old ethics of feudal corruption. After the two sides across the Taiwan Strait can’t come and go freely because of the political considerations, the "Leifeng Pagoda" immediately became a symbol of the yoke of political influence. Therefore, it can be said, the "Leifeng Pagoda" whether in our real life, or in the text has rich multi-dimensional.In conclusion, this article used the perspective of religious studies to interpretate the White Snake Story.It also probe into culture, folklore, and other dimensions.Hope to show a new point of view as well as the literature.

The stochastic volatility of daily foreign exchange (FX) derivatives poses a number of risks for the international banking community. Settlement risk, liquidity risk and capital adequacy are just a few immediate concerns that arise from such volatility. This thesis examines the impact of close-out netting on minimising the stochastic volatility of inter-bank FX derivatives. The problem with close-out netting is that although it is a simple formula of taking the differences between two banks at one point in time, it is the stochastic and volatile nature of FX rates that makes measuring the full impact of netting difficult. The objective of this thesis is to establish a realistic international banking framework or modelling environment in which close-out netting can be scientifically applied and examined. Five international daily FX rates will be used as sufficient approximations for five international banks. A generalised autoregressive conditionally heteroschedastic (GARCH) modelling approach is adopted as a robust and rich FX volatility paradigm. Then through Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting fitted GARCH models, we generate the distributions -with and without close-out netting. The findings of this thesis are interesting, showing that close-out netting is far more than just a simple mathematical process. Netting surely does reduce each bank's exposure to FX volatility, however, its multivariate nature reveals some important results for banking risk research and bank analysts.

The present dissertation examines how culture in terms of webs of significance comprises even everyday genres, and how everyday genres in turn partake in creating cultural contexts. The theoretical cornerstones of this study are to be found in a dialogical notion of context and a semiotic notion of culture. Furthermore, the study benefits from the analytical concept of communicative genre by which texts can be set in the broader context of societal or socio-cultural relevancy. The methodological framework – with contrastive viewing as an overall heuristic approach – has been developed by combining elements from linguistic hermeneutics, literary cultural analysis, and critical discourse analysis. The study shows that the most significant trait of Swedish milk package texts is the recontextualization of national historical topics, closely entangled with elements of school discourse and children’s literature. This endows the texts with a certain socio-cultural meaning, even though this meaning is dependent on other interactive resources. However, on recent milk packages, changes of communicative patterns can be seen, indicating socio-cultural change. The most significant trait of German milk packages is – besides the ubiquitous use of fresh generating an advertising context – the recontextualization of the fictionalizing topos of locus amoenus, closely intertwined with control and surveillance. The contrastive viewing of 19th-century texts in the dissertation makes clear that contemporary German milk packages still imply urban-bourgeois perspectives on rurality. Finally, the study shows that culture in terms of webs of significance has no location where it is, but a location where it is represented – for instance in everyday genre texts. It illustrates how linguistic hermeneutics can be done.

Background: The Stop rule for buying in property was introduced through 1976 years legislation and its formemost purpose was to prevent companies to acquire property that was useless for the company. Assets such as cars, boats and arts were of current interest. At the same time as this stop rule was introduced, another stop rule was also introduced and this was meant to work to forbid the partner to buy property from the close company to a price that would lead to sell at loss for the company. After a government decision (1999:2000, Abolished Stop rules) the close company is no longer living under this restriction since these two stop rules have been abolished since January 2001. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which criteria are the basis to judge whether the assets is to consider as useful or not for the close company. We also intend to investigate if the partners will use the situation that the two stop rules have been abolished. Accomplishment: In this thesis our primary data consists of interviews with in all ten persons from nine different companies; three with auditors from Ernst & Young, KPMG and Skarin & Brindelid, two with tax lawyers; one at the Tax Authorities and one with the director of studies at the Juridical Institution at Linköping University, one tax consultant at Ernst & Young and one tax auditor at the Tax Authorities in Norrköping. We also interviewed the administrative director of the Accounting Committee. Finally we interviewed two bank clerks at SEB and Föreningssparbanken. Result: To decide whether an asset is useful it has shown that it is hard to draw a clear boundary for what should be seen as useful or not. From the literature and the interviews we have been able to stipulate the following criteria for a useless asset; 1. it does not generate profit in the company, 2. it does not lead to future cash flows, 3. it is exclusively referred to the partners private use and the cost for it cannot be carried by the company in the long-term and because of that, the liquid capital in the company will be jeopardized. 4. it is exclusively reffered to the partner´s private use and the partner has not been imposed tax for it. The auditors and the bank clerks think that if a property has been bought by the close company it should be seen as an asset. The tax lawyers and the tax auditor, on the other hand, think that such property is to be seen as private. This boundary problem is based on the fact that Civil law and Tax Law are far away from each other.

To analyse the influence of fractures on hydraulic andmechanical behaviour of fractured rock masses, it is essentialto characterise fracture geometry at exposed rock faces. Thisthesis describes three semi-automatic methods for measuring andquantifying geometrical parameters of fractures, and aims tooffer a novel approach to the traditional mapping methods. Three techniques, i.e. geodetic total station, close-rangephotogrammetry and 3-D laser scanner, are used in this studyfor measurement of fracture geometry. The advantages of thesetechniques compared with the traditional method are: i)fracture geometry is quantified semi-automatically in threedimensions; ii) fracture measurements are obtained withoutphysically touching the rock face; iii) the accuracy offracture measurements is improved comparing with thetraditional method; iv) both quantitative and spatial analysisof fracture geometry is possible; v) it offers a way todigitally record the rock surface in three dimensions and invisual format as a database for other applications. The common approach for fracture mapping by using the noveltechniques comprises three main steps: i) capturing 3-Dco-ordinates of target points; ii) quantifying geometricalparameters of fractures from the recorded co-ordinates; iii)documenting the results of fracture mapping. The details ofcapturing 3-D co-ordinates of target points are introduced. Anew algorithm is developed for computing orientation offracture planes. A multiple approach for documenting thefracture mapping results is presented. Application of thesetechniques for measuring and quantifying the geometricalparameters of fractures, such as orientation, trace length andsurface roughness, are demonstrated. The presented methods can greatly improve the quality offracture measurements and avoid the drawbacks inherent intraditional methods. However, it can not replace the humancapacity to filter out and interpret the large amount ofgeometrical information displayed on the rock faces. Themethods may offer an assistance to engineers or geologists inobtaining as much information as possible about the geometryand orientation of rock fractures for rock engineeringapplications. <b>Keywords:</b>3-D laser scanner, close-range photogrammetry,engineering geology, fracture geometry, fracture mapping, rockengineering, rock faces, rock mechanics, three-dimension, totalstation.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to illuminate meanings of living with severe chronic heart failure (CHF) in palliative advanced home care (PAHC) as disclosed through patients’, close relatives’ and nurses’ narratives. This thesis comprises four papers that illuminate the phenomenon from various perspectives and with different focus. In paper I four patients with severe CHF in PAHC were interviewed. In paper II three of their close relatives were interviewed. In paper III one man and his wife in PAHC were interviewed at 3-5 month intervals over a 4.5-years period. In paper IV 11 nurses in PAHC were interviewed. In all papers narrative interviews were conducted and the text was interpreted using a phenomenological-hermeneutic method. The result shows that meanings of living with severe CHF in PAHC is to be ‘knocking on death’s door’ yet surviving. This means never knowing what to expect of tomorrow as one suffers from a complex array of unpredictable, interwoven symptoms. The course of the illness forces sufferer to ride a symbolical ‘roller coaster’, an ongoing oscillation between ‘ups and downs’. Being offered a safety belt in the ‘roller coaster’ by the PAHC team means feelings of safety (I). Meanings of being a close relative of a person with severe CHF in PAHC is to be following the life- threatening ups and downs that the ill person goes through. It is like being a fellow passenger on the ‘roller coaster’ ride that is their loved one’s disease, with burdensome responsibility for easing the ‘downs’ and supporting the ‘ups’. This means being on primary call, always on standby to mediate security and pleasure. In the deepest downs it is also to call for the back-up call i.e. the PAHC team (II). Meanings of living the ‘ups and downs’ over time is being captive in a roller-coaster ride, side by side, with the ‘ups and downs’ caused by the illness. Living close to death is inescapable when recurrent periods of deepest ‘downs’ force one to face that one’s life together is coming to an end. The relationship between the spouses is severely tested but seems to withstand the strain and meaning is found in togetherness in life. Sharing the safety belt on the ‘roller coaster’, offered by the PAHC team, evokes feelings of security. However, the safety belt is adjusted to the man with severe CHF leaving the wife partly without comfort and at times uncertain, especially in the deepest ‘downs’ (III). Meanings of being a palliative nurse for patients with severe CHF in PAHC is being firmly rooted and guided by the values of palliative culture. Being a facilitator for the patient with CHF to live his/her everydaylife in the best way possible is difficult, challenging but overall positive. The nurses get into a tight corner when palliative culture values clash and do not correspond to nurses’ interpretation of what is good for the patient with severe CHF. There is a limit to nurses’ pliability to patients’ and close relatives’ will, as they are strongly convinced that resuscitation is not an option. Nurses have already made up their mind about that they do not perform heart- lung resuscitation (IV). The comprehensive understanding is that meanings of living with severe CHF in PAHC is being captive in a ‘roller-coaster’ life with varying periods between unpredictable improvement and deterioration of the body, for the rest of life. Living with the unpredictable, deteriorated body means to oscillate between enduring the suffering in ‘downs’ and enjoying life in ‘ups’ (I-III). Living with death so close over and over again i.e. being in a limit situation evokes feelings of uncertainty (I-IV) and confidence (I-III). Being positive dependent on PAHC facilitates a life as normal as possible in togetherness at home (I-IV). The comprehensive understanding of the four papers (I-IV) are discussed in the light of a theoretical framework from the German psychiatrist and philosopher Karl Jaspers thoughts about limit situation, the Danish philosopher K.E Lögstrup thoughts about the ethical demand, palliative theories and relevant empirical studies.

Crystallographic texture in polycrystalline materials are known to play an important role in tailoring suitable properties for various technological applications. In addition, the evolution of texture provides a profound basis to develop scientific understanding of physical processes occurring in the material during deformation and annealing. Between the two, the understanding of deformation texture is much broader. However, certain issues pertaining to the evolution of deformation texture evolution are yet to be explored or not uniquely agreed upon. A few notable examples are the effects of extreme grain sizes and strain rates. Moreover, most of the studies are pertaining to single phase metals and alloys. While many engineering alloys consist of two phase microstructures, the effect of second phase in the microstructure on the evolution of texture in the individual phases has not been studied in a comprehensive manner. The present thesis is an attempt to addresses these issues in a more generic manner. The studies have been specifically aimed at examining the aforesaid issues in the close packed Face Centre Cubic (FCC) and Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) metals and alloys. In brief, this thesis addresses the following problems pertaining to deformation texture: (i) the effect of extreme grain sizes, (ii) the effect of extreme strain rates and (iii) the effect of a second ductile phase. Chapter 1 of the thesis gives a detailed survey of literature pertaining to the evolution of deformation textures in different metals and alloys, while chapter 2 includes the details of the experimental techniques and simulation procedures, which are mostly common for the entire work. The issue of grain size is addressed in chapter 3. In the present investigation, the evolution of deformation texture in nickel (FCC) and titanium (HCP) with the extreme grain sizes (nanometre and millimetre) has been studied. Nanocrystalline nickel with the grain size ~ 20 nm was obtained by pulse electro-deposition while the other extreme of the grain size in nickel was obtained by annealing of a cold rolled sheet at 1373 K. The rolling texture in nanocrystalline nickel had a higher volume fraction of Brass component than in nickel with normal grain size. These results have been explained on the basis of inhibition of cross slip in small grain sizes and the operation of planar slip. This has been validated by viscoplastic self-consistent simulations. The texture of coarse grain nickel samples (typified as oligocrystalline, owing to the lesser number of grains in the thickness direction) also had higher Brass component like the nanocrystalline sample. A detailed analysis was performed by examining misorientation development in the grain interior and in the vicinity of the grain boundaries. The similarity at the two extreme length scales has been explained on the basis of lower “Grain Boundary Affected Zone” at the extreme length scales. To examine the effect of grain size in the case of HCP materials, commercially pure titanium with ultra-fine (500 nm) and normal grain size (~50 μm), was investigated. A monotonic evolution of texture was observed in the former, which has been attributed to the absence of twinning, a situation that could arise due to the lack of coordinated movement of twinning partials in the sub-micron grain size regime. Thus, a reasonable understanding of the evolution of deformation texture in hitherto unexplored regime of grain sizes was developed for the two materials. The chapter 4 of the thesis is dedicated to the study of strain rate effects in both FCC and HCP materials. The issue of strain rate has been addressed by two ways: (a) deforming the materials at extreme strain rates, namely 10-3 s-1 to 10+3 s-1 under compression up to a reasonable strain, and (b) deforming the materials under torsion within a reasonable range of strain rates, but up to large strains. In this case, in addition to nickel, copper was also investigated owing to the different strain hardening behaviour of the two materials. The compression texture in nickel and copper was characterized by the presence of <101> component at low strain rates. At high strain rate, ~10+3 s-1, there was a decrease in the intensity of the <101> component for nickel but it strengthened for copper. This has been explained on the basis of continuous dynamic recrystallization in copper. The torsion texture evolution in nickel and copper was similar at low strain rate (10-3 s-1) and was characterized by the presence of important shear texture components. At high strain rate (1 s-1), texture weakened for nickel, while for copper a rotated cube component was observed which has been attributed to dynamic recrystallization. The effect of strain rate was studied more comprehensively in hexagonal titanium by adding one more variable, that is, the initial texture. Extreme strain rates were imparted using static and dynamic compression tests. It was found that different initial textures led to different mechanical response in terms of yield strength and strain hardening as well as microstructural response in terms of twin fractions. The samples deformed at high strain rate showed increased twinning that led to some scatter in the texture components compared to low strain rate deformed samples. VPSC simulations were able to successfully capture the evolution of texture as well as microstructural evolution in terms of twin activity in the deformed samples at the extreme strain rates. Torsion tests on titanium at different strain rates indicated evolution of inhomogeneous nature of fibre texture components with increase in strain rate. Thus, weakening of texture was observed irrespective of the strain path (compression or torsion) and crystal structure (FCC or HCP) unless additional restoration mechanism like recrystallization (continuous or discontinuous) intervened. In chapter 5, the evolution of rolling texture in two phase FCC + BCC (Ni-Fe-Cr alloys) and HCP + BCC (Ti-13Nb-13Zr ) alloys has been studied. This study was aimed at examining the effect of second deforming phase on the texture evolution in the primary phase. The effect of various parameters like volume fraction and morphology of the second phase on deformation texture evolution was studied experimentally as well as by VPSC simulations. A reduction in the Brass component of texture was observed in the austenite phase due to the presence of harder ferrite phase while a characteristic rolling texture evolved in the ferrite phase. It has been established that the softer austenite phase carried maximum strain at low volume fractions of ferrite while the harder ferrite phase carried the maximum strain at higher volume fractions of ferrite. In case of the two phase HCP+BCC alloy Ti-13Nb-13Zr, both the hexagonal α and the cubic β phases showed a characteristic rolling texture irrespective of two different morphologies. For both the equiaxed and colony microstructures, the softer β phase carried the maximum strain. VPSC simulations were able to model the deformation texture evolution as well as microstructural parameters like strain partitioning and twin fraction satisfactorily for both the microstructural conditions. It was found that the deformation mechanism in one phase could be affected by the presence of the second phase and that a characteristic change in deformation texture could be produced in the presence of the second phase. Thus, a comprehensive perspective has been developed pertaining to the evolution of texture in FCC and HCP phases in the presence of a second ductile phase. The overall findings of the three investigations carried out for the thesis are summarised in chapter 6.

This thesis consists of two studies together with a preliminary study, focusing on the issue of ingroup representation of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. The first study, addressing the problems of stereotype content, stereotype accuracy, and stereotype consensus, was based on in-depth interviewing with twenty members of the &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group. It was hypothesized that the group members, when their social identities were salient, would locate the ingroup within a chronic way of looking at the world, namely the perceived context. The accuracy of stereotypes and the stereotype consensus commonly observed among group members depended upon the efficiency of this perceived context as an explanation. Moreover, the favorability of stereotype content also derived heavily from this perceived context. The second study, based on two hundreds &uuml / lk&uuml / c&uuml / group members, examined the effects of target group (ingroup, close outgroup, distant outgroup), type of attributes (favorable, unfavorable), comparative context (intragroup, intergroup with close outgroup, intergroup with distant outgroup, multigroup), and level of identification with the ingroup (high-identifiers, low-identifiers) on the perceptions of homogeneity. A number of hypotheses were tested and the following results were found: First, group members perceived the ingroup as more positively homogeneous than both the close and the distant outgroup. Moreover, the close outgroup was perceived as more positively homogeneous than the distant outgroup. In fact, the distant outgroup was perceived as negatively homogeneous. Second, group members perceived both the ingroup and the close outgroup as more positively homogeneous in terms of unfavorable attributes than in terms of favorable ones. On the contrary, they tended to perceive the distant outgroup as more negatively homogeneous in terms of favorable attributes than in terms of unfavorable ones. Third, the above perceptions were less accentuated in the intragroup context, while they were more accentuated in the multigroup context. Fourth, the above perceptions were more accentuated for the high-identifiers than for the low-identifiers. Apart from these main effects, a number of complicated interactions were also discovered and these results were discussed with reference to the relevant literature.

Utviklingen innen UAV er stor og bruken av slike systemer har fått stor oppmerksomhet.Spesielt etter at de er nyttet til bekjempning av mål under de seneste konfliktene. Samtidigpågår det nå en begynnende utvikling av offensive systemer, såkalte UCAV’er som skal kunnebekjempe mål blant annet på bakken.Landoperasjonen krever systemer med høyt tempo, fleksibilitet og systemer som har evne til åvirke kombinert for å få størst mulig effekt på motstanderen. Forfatteren henter krav til slikesystemer gjennom å beskrive landoperasjoner og hvordan nærstøtten utføres. Nærstøtten iform av CAS kontrolleres i dag av FAC’er som leder bemannede plattformer og deresvåpensystemer. Oppsatsen beskriver dessuten UCAV systemer og deres komponenter medvekt på autonomi, sensorer, kommunikasjon og våpensystemer. Hensikten med denneoppsatsen er å knytte sammen utførelsen av nærstøtte generelt og CAS spesielt medbeskrivelsen av UCAV systemer for å finne frem til hvordan nærstøtte tillandoperasjonene best kan utføres med UCAV. Oppsatsen svarer derfor på spørsmålenehvordan CAS kan ledes og utføres med UCAV og hvordan en slik UCAV bør konfigureres oghvilke krav som kan stilles til denne. / The development in the field of UAVs is extensive and gaining in focus andinterest as their mission catalogue is widened. The recent use of weaponizedUAVs in Afghansistan and Iraq to combat an array of targets has shown theirpotential. At the same time there is an ongoing development of offensivesystemes known as UCAVs, designed to strike targets all throughout thebattlespace.Land operations demands systems which allow tempo, flexibility and the useof combined effects to achieve the maximum possible dislocation of theopponent. The author arrives at preconditions for such systems to partakeeffectively by outlining land operations and describing the conduct of closesupport of land formations. Today, the air to ground support part of it iscontrolled by a forward air controller who controls manned platforms andtheir weapon systems. This thesis also describes UCAV systems and theircomponents with focus on authonomy, sensors, communications and weaponsystems.By connecting the conduct of landoperations, close support in general andclose air support (CAS) especially with the description of UCAV systems, thepurpose of the thesis is to outline how CAS to land operations can beconducted with UCAVs. The thesis does this by answering the questions as tohow to control CAS with UCAV and which demands that must be met by theUCAV system. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP T 01-03

När vi nu står inför en ominriktning i Försvarsmakten mot ett insatsförsvar kommer förband och organisationställas inför nya utmaningar och uppgifter. För flygvapnet kan detta ställa till en del problem i och medatt materielplanen är långsiktig och tiden från beslut om anskaffning till implementering av nya system oftaär lång. Detta är inte fallet med politiska målsättningar vilka kan vara mycket föränderliga och ändra inriktningfrån ett försvarsbeslut till ett annat. När den politiska inriktningen för Flygvapnets förmåga till internationellainsatser nu även innefattar förmågan till flygunderstöd till Nordic Battle group, har då Flygvapnetmed JAS 39C som verkanssystem möjlighet att genomföra direkt flygunderstöd i moderna internationellakonflikter?Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att analysera om JAS 39C, med tillhörande vapen-, sensor- och kommunikationssystem,uppfyller de krav som ställs på ett flygsystem vid genomförandet av DFU i en internationellinsats. Med stöd av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av teorier, doktrin och moderna erfarenheter harbåde de grundläggande förutsättningarna för ett effektivt genomförande av direkt flygunderstöd identifieratssamt ett specifikt analysinstrument arbetats fram. Detta analysinstrument har därefter använts för attanalysera JAS 39C förmåga till direkt flygunderstöd.JAS 39C bedöms efter genomförd analys att med gällande materialplan inneha goda förutsättningar attgenomföra direkt flygunderstöd redan 2008. Dess styrka är här förmågan till precisionsbekämpning ochden goda responsförmågan, dess svaghet avsaknaden av allväderskapacitet. Resultaten i uppsatsen visardessutom att de förutsättningar som ligger till grund för ett effektivt genomförande av direkt flygunderstödgår att återfinna under såväl moralrelaterade förutsättningar som konceptuella eller rent fysiska förutsättningar.Vid en lösning som endast fokuserat på att uppfylla de fysiska förutsättningarna är risken därförstor att den sammanlagda effekten och slagkraften i samband med genomförandet av direkt flygunderstödinte når önskad nivå. / Facing a transformation of the armed forces both individual units and the organization will be confrontedwith new tasks and challenges. For the air force this could cause some problems due to the fact that it oftentakes some time from decision to implementation of new weapons and technical systems. This is not thecase with political objectives; they can change from one defense decision to another. When the politicalaim and direction regarding the air force capacity for global operations now also includes the ability tosupport the Nordic Battle Group, do the air force and the JAS 39C have the right means to carry out CloseAir Support in modern international conflicts?The purpose of this essay is to analyze if JAS 39C with its weapon-, sensor-, and communication systemscomply with the modern demands on a fighter aircraft carrying out Close Air Support in international operations.With the support of an analytical framework containing theories, doctrines and modern experiencesboth the requirements that lay the foundation for an effective accomplishment of Close Air Supportand a specific analytical instrument has been identified. The analytical instrument was thereafter used toanalyze JAS 39C and its ability to carry out Close Air Support.The results of the analysis show that JAS 39C, technically and materially, in all likelihood will be able tocarry out Close air support as early as 2008. Its strength being the ability to carry out precision engagementstogether with a high responsiveness and its weakness consisting in the lack of all-weather capacity.The results furthermore indicates that the foundation for an effective accomplishment of Close Air Supportcan be found within both moral related pre-conditions as well as conceptual or purely physical preconditions.A solution only focused on fulfilling physical pre-conditions may therefore risk that the combinedeffect and the effectiveness of a future Close Air Support mission will not reach the desired level. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 0406