The research investigated acquisition and disposition behavior of purchasers, purchasers/consignors, and consignors of secondhand clothing in consignment stores. A questionnaire was administered to 168 women and two men in three Roanoke, Virginia stores. It was hypothesized that (1) long-time purchasers (three to five years) patronized other secondhand sellers more than short-time purchasers (two years or less); and that purchasers (2) acquired (a) primarily to save money and (b) secondarily to have well-made clothing, (3) bought two to four times a month, and (4) were satisfied with stores' merchandise and services. Hypotheses 2a and 4 were supported but 1, 2b, and 3 were not. A hypothesis that consignors consigned to obtain a return on clothing investments and get rid of unwanted items was supported. Friends were important information sources about stores. Chi-square analysis indicated that respondent groups were similar demographically, in the types of clothing they purchased and/or consigned, and in the uses of clothing purchased. Host respondents were Caucasian, 30-49 years old, and often had baccalaureates or other post-high school education. Twenty-seven percent of the respondents had total household incomes of $40,000 or more. The most frequently purchased and consigned garments were shirts or blouses. Purchasers and purchasers/consignors used purchased clothing primarily for social occasions. Purchasers and consignors differed on the number of years they had been patronizing stores and on their purchasing and consigning frequencies. Also, more purchasers than purchasers/consignors patronized flea markets and garage sales. / M.S.

No description available.

This study proposes a loyalty segmentation model for the South African men's retail credit fashion industry. Retailers operate in a highly competitive market where competitors strive for share-of-wallet of the same customer. The likely victor in this battle is the retailer who best understands customer needs, purchase behaviour and utilises this information to influence customer's spending patterns. The research method comprised a postal survey to randomly selected customers. The process included the construct of the loyalty model which comprised four input models, namely the Competitiveness, Brand experience, Referral and Credit appeal models as well as a number of customer demographics. The Desert scenario, where extreme conditions exist, is used as the analogy for the Segmentation model, with four macro segments (Desert, Oasis, Sand Storm, Rain clouds) being used to categorise respondents along two criteria, namely that of value and relative risk. Segment characteristics are used to segment the retailer's database. / Business Management / MCom (Business Management)

Problem Formulation: The clothing industry is characterised by fierce competition and booming growth. Since the start of the century, clothing consumption has increased tremendously. While consumers are demanding more clothes at cheaper prices, interest for sustainable sourced clothes is also on the rise, especially amongst the younger population. Thus, engaging in CSR could offer potential brand advantages for companies competing in the clothing industry. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain the relationship between consumers’ perceptions of the organisational actions that are perceived as “doing good”, “avoiding bad” and “doing bad”, and Consumer-Based Brand Equity. Methodology: This thesis adopts a quantitative research method with questionnaires distributed physically at universities and shared in student Facebook-groups. The data collected from the questionnaire consists of 205 valid answers from students at Swedish universities. Findings/Conclusions: The findings based on multiple regression analyses on the results of the distributed questionnaire suggest that organisational actions that are perceived as “avoiding bad” can positively affect Consumer-Based Brand Equity. Furthermore, the findings did not support that engagement in activities that are perceived as “doing bad” is detrimental to Consumer-Based Brand Equity, nor that philanthropic activities that are perceived as “doing good” positively affect Consumer-Based Brand Equity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Lourdes Couto Nogueira.pdf: 789109 bytes, checksum: 87671b36e8cbab10389925ac6e0fbe5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-16 / This work addresses the relationship between professional training course and job market insertion of a group of alumni of the technical clothing course at Cefet-MG, from 2002 to 2008. The significant presence of women in the course is evident from the time of enrollment in the selection process until its conclusion, which reflects the expression of strong female presence in the clothing industry. One of our goals is to reflect on the view that the corresponding diploma of the course would be the guarantee of getting a job, without any mediation. At CEFET School, a student must attend the courses and traineeship to obtain certification as a technical level. The diploma would facilitate the acquisition or guarantee of employment? This is one of the focuses of our research. The future projections of the student of daytime have continuity in their school career and night school student, in turn, does not always prioritize continuity, preferring to enter the job market. One who is already inserted in the job market demands better qualifications. For analysis, data concerning the professional careers of the interviewees were collected. The selection of the eleven former students was defined from the criterion of being inserted in the job market. The main result obtained with the analysis of the data refers to discrepancies between training and jobs done, because knowledge of the entire production process is not seized / Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda as relações entre formação profissional e a inserção no mercado de emprego de um grupo de egressas do curso técnico em vestuário do Cefet-MG, de 2002 a 2008. A significativa presença das mulheres no curso se manifesta desde o momento da inscrição no processo seletivo até a sua conclusão, o que reflete a expressão da forte presença feminina na indústria do vestuário. Um dos nossos objetivos é refletir sobre a visão de que o correspondente diploma de conclusão do curso garantiria a obtenção de emprego, sem quaisquer mediações. No CEFET-MG, o aluno precisa cursar as disciplinas e o estágio curricular para obter a certificação como técnico de nível médio. O diploma garantia ou facilitaria a obtenção de emprego? Esse é um dos focos da nossa pesquisa. O aluno do curso diurno possui projeções futuras de continuidade em sua trajetória escolar e o aluno do curso noturno, por sua vez, nem sempre prioriza a continuidade, preferindo a inserção no curto prazo no mercado de emprego. Aquele que já está inserido procura melhor qualificação. Para a análise foram coletados dados relativos às trajetórias profissionais das entrevistadas. A seleção das onze egressas foi definida a partir do critério de estarem inseridas no mercado de emprego. O principal resultado obtido com a análise dos dados se refere às dissonâncias entre formação profissional e o emprego realizado, pois o conhecimento de todo o processo produtivo não é apreendido

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:52:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Lourdes Couto Nogueira.pdf: 789109 bytes, checksum: 87671b36e8cbab10389925ac6e0fbe5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-16 / This work addresses the relationship between professional training course and job market insertion of a group of alumni of the technical clothing course at Cefet-MG, from 2002 to 2008. The significant presence of women in the course is evident from the time of enrollment in the selection process until its conclusion, which reflects the expression of strong female presence in the clothing industry. One of our goals is to reflect on the view that the corresponding diploma of the course would be the guarantee of getting a job, without any mediation. At CEFET School, a student must attend the courses and traineeship to obtain certification as a technical level. The diploma would facilitate the acquisition or guarantee of employment? This is one of the focuses of our research. The future projections of the student of daytime have continuity in their school career and night school student, in turn, does not always prioritize continuity, preferring to enter the job market. One who is already inserted in the job market demands better qualifications. For analysis, data concerning the professional careers of the interviewees were collected. The selection of the eleven former students was defined from the criterion of being inserted in the job market. The main result obtained with the analysis of the data refers to discrepancies between training and jobs done, because knowledge of the entire production process is not seized / Esta dissertação de mestrado aborda as relações entre formação profissional e a inserção no mercado de emprego de um grupo de egressas do curso técnico em vestuário do Cefet-MG, de 2002 a 2008. A significativa presença das mulheres no curso se manifesta desde o momento da inscrição no processo seletivo até a sua conclusão, o que reflete a expressão da forte presença feminina na indústria do vestuário. Um dos nossos objetivos é refletir sobre a visão de que o correspondente diploma de conclusão do curso garantiria a obtenção de emprego, sem quaisquer mediações. No CEFET-MG, o aluno precisa cursar as disciplinas e o estágio curricular para obter a certificação como técnico de nível médio. O diploma garantia ou facilitaria a obtenção de emprego? Esse é um dos focos da nossa pesquisa. O aluno do curso diurno possui projeções futuras de continuidade em sua trajetória escolar e o aluno do curso noturno, por sua vez, nem sempre prioriza a continuidade, preferindo a inserção no curto prazo no mercado de emprego. Aquele que já está inserido procura melhor qualificação. Para a análise foram coletados dados relativos às trajetórias profissionais das entrevistadas. A seleção das onze egressas foi definida a partir do critério de estarem inseridas no mercado de emprego. O principal resultado obtido com a análise dos dados se refere às dissonâncias entre formação profissional e o emprego realizado, pois o conhecimento de todo o processo produtivo não é apreendido

Textil- och konfektionsindustrin blir alltmer globaliserad och ställs inför hårdare krav då konsumenterna efterfrågar allt billigare varor i snabb förändring. Sedan flera decennier har europeiska konfektionsföretag flyttat sin tillverkning till länder med lägre arbetskostnader för att uppfylla kraven om låga priser som europiska tillverkare har svårt att uppfylla. En stor del har flyttats till Kina men även till andra länder i Asien. Nu håller marknadsförhållandena på att förändras igen genom tillväxt- och utvecklingsländernas starka utveckling. Förändringarna syns tydligast på Kinas marknad genom stigande priser och mindre kapacitet för europeisk produktion. Detta skapar nya förutsättningar för hur företagen väljer att planera sina verksamheter och resulterar i att detaljhandelsföretagen ser sig om efter alternativa produktionsländer.Syftet med studien är att ta reda på om konfektionstillverkningens tyngdpunkt kommer att fortsätta att ske i Asien eller om det finns förutsättningar för europeisk konfektionsindustri att återhämta sig och bli konkurrenskraftig i förhållande till tillverkningen i Asien eller om konfektionsindustrin istället kommer att etableras i andra globala regioner. För att uppnå detta syfte utformades en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med nio svenska konfektionsföretag samt en stiftelse verksam inom textil- och konfektionsindustrin. Studien har kompletterats med dokument utformade av organisationer kopplade till EU samt vetenskapliga artiklar.Undersökningen påvisar att Kinas förändrade situation inte leder till en större återväxt för Europas textil- och konfektionsproduktion. Tyngdpunkten av konfektionsproduktion inom den närmsta framtiden kommer att ligga kvar i Asien men flyttas från Kina till nya lågkostnadsländer i regionen. Europa kommer med sannolikhet inte att bedriva någon massproduktion i framtiden och de förlorar alltmer produktion inom låg- och mellanprissegmentet till övriga regioner. Delar av europeiska företags produktion kommer inom den närmsta tiden att fortsätta ske inom Europa, då ingen annan region i dagsläget kan uppfylla behoven av korta ledtider, effektiv logistik, små serier, stabilitet och hög kvalitet lika bra. Med tiden kommer troligtvis en allt större del att produceras i Nordafrika som i framtiden kan komma att ta över en betydande del av både Asiens och Europas produktion.The textile- and clothing industry is becoming increasingly globalized and face even tougher requirements as consumers demand for cheaper goods in rapid change. For several decades the European apparel companies have moved their manufacturing to countries with lower labour costs to meet the requirements of low prices. A major part has been moved to China, but also to other countries in Asia. Now the market conditions are changing again because of the strong growth of emerging and developing countries. The changes are most evident in China's market where prices are rising and capacity is decreasing for European production. This creates new conditions for how the retail companies choose to plan their activities and results in that they look for alternative production countries.The purpose of this study is to determine if the emphasis of clothing manufacturing will continue to occur in Asia or whether there are grounds for European clothing industry to recover and become competitive in relation to production in Asia or if production instead will be established in other global regions. To achieve this purpose we executed a qualitative study in the form of semi-structured interviews with nine Swedish clothing companies and a foundation working in the textile- and clothing industry. The study has been supplemented with documents written by organizations linked to the EU and scientific articles.The survey shows that China's changing situation does not lead to a major regeneration of European textile- and clothing production. The emphasis of clothing production will in the near future remain in Asia, although move from China to the new low-cost countries in the region. Europe will probably not mass produce clothing in the future and they lose more and more production in low-and mid-range market to other regions. Parts of the European company's production will in the near future continue to take place in Europe, as no other region currently can meet the needs of short lead times, efficient logistics, small batches, stability and quality as well. Over time, probably more production will occur in North Africa which in the future may take over a significant part of both Asian and European production. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

O foco deste trabalho é a reconstituição das trajetórias de mulheres imigrantes e de suas famílias, originárias da Bolívia, do Paraguai e do Peru com destino ao Brasil, e tem como objetivo analisar as relações sociais transnacionais no processo de migração internacional. Foi possível observar que as relações sociais se expandem para além de um único território nacional. Entre países de origem e destino são mantidas múltiplas conexões, seja por meio do envio de remessas, do contato com familiares ou da manutenção da língua e da cultura. O aumento da participação de mulheres nas migrações internacionais é analisado levando em conta suas motivações e as diferentes redes que mobilizam no processo de migração internacional. Nesse caso, interessa também para a análise investigar como os seguintes fatores têm influenciado neste processo: as relações sociais de sexo, a inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, a organização produtiva da indústria da confecção, a legislação sobre migrações internacionais e os fluxos midiáticos e financeiros no contexto de globalização. / The focus of this study is the reconstruction of the pathways of immigrant women and their families, from Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru to Brazil, and aims to analyze the transnational social relations in the process of international migration. From interviews conducted in the city of São Paulo it was possible to capture the different pathways of international migration by giving voice to the subjects involved in this process. It was observed that, in the context of international migration, social relations expand beyond a single country. Between countries of origin and destination, migrants keep multiple connections, either through remittances, the contact with relatives or the maintenance of their native language and culture. The increased participation of women in international migration is analyzed by taking into account their different motivations and the networks they mobilize in the process of international migration. In this case, is interesting as well for the analysis how such factors that have influenced this process: social relations of gender, the participation of women in labor market, the productive organization of the clothing industry, the international migration legislation and the financial and media flows in the context of globalization.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera en institutionaliserad diskurs kring kommunikation av hållbarhet inom klädbranschen. Utgångspunkten för identifiering av en sådan diskurs är företagens tillämpning av redovisningsmodellen triple bottom line. Vidare förklaras denna diskurs med hjälp av legitimitets- och intressentteorin. Resultatet av studien syftar till att bidra till kunskapsbildningen kring dessa teorier.Metod: En kvalitativ diskursanalys har genomförts på fyra utvalda företags hållbarhetsredovisningar inom klädbranschen. Företagen representerar två olika profiler, fast fashion samt high-end. Studien är inspirerad av innehållsanalys då datamaterialet har kategoriserats. Kategorierna har dock fått växa fram under analysens gång för att på så vis identifiera diskursen kring kommunikation av hållbarhet.Resultat: Studien tyder på att hållbarhetsredovisning har institutionaliserats och att det finns en relativt tydlig diskurs kring kommunikation av hållbarhet inom den studerade branschen. Den tydligaste variationen som framkommit är en skillnad mellan företagens profiler, nämligen att företagen inom high-end trycker mer på kvalitet på kläderna än vad företagen inom fast fashion gör.Originalitet/värde: Tidigare studier har funnit att det finns stora skillnader i hur corporate social responsibility rapporteras mellan olika branscher. Denna studie undersöker hur företag inom samma bransch, men med olika profilering, rapporterar om hållbarhet. Studien har bidragit till att öka förståelsen för varför företag inom klädbranschen väljer att lyfta viss information i sina hållbarhetsredovisningar. / Purpose: This paper seeks to identify an institutionalised discourse about communication of sustainability in the clothing industry. The base for identification of this discourse is how a company applies the triple bottom line model. Further, this discourse is explained with legitimacy- and stakeholder theory. The result of the study aims to contribute to increase knowledge about these theories.Methodology: A qualitative discourse analyses has been employed on the sustainability reports of four fashion companies. The companies represents two profiles, fast fashion and high-end. The study is partly conducted by applying content analysis on a data driven basis. Categories have emerged during the course of the analysing work.Findings: The result suggests that the sustainability reporting has been institutionalised and that there exist a relatively clear discourse about communication of sustainability within the studied industry. The most obvious variation that has emerged is a variety between the companies' profiles, the high-end companies communicate quality of the clothes to a greater extent compared to the fast fashion companies.Originality/value: Previous studies have shown that there are big differences in how corporate social responsibility is reported among industries. This study examines how companies in the same industry, with various corporate profiles, report on sustainability. The study has helped to increase the understanding of why a company in the clothing industry chooses to highlight certain information in their sustainability report.This thesis is written in Swedish.

Thesis (MVerbruikerswet)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The retail environment in South Africa is dynamic and complex. The apparel retailing industry functions within an emergent economic milieu, and the consumers it targets are exposed to various factors that influence their shopping behaviour. Some of these factors are shopping orientation, patronage behaviour, lifestyle, and shopping mall behaviour. Male apparel shopping behaviour can therefore be regarded as a complex phenomenon. The aim of this study was to identify those factors that influence male apparel shopping behaviour and to determine whether distinct clusters of male apparel shoppers could be identified. Theoretical models in the study discipline of Consumer Behaviour were investigated. The information was synthesised into an expanded conceptual model of variables influencing male apparel shopping behaviour. The variables that are relevant to this study, include demographic characteristics, lifestyle, shopping orientation, patronage behaviour, and shopping mall behaviour. Information for this exploratory study was generated by means of a store-intercept interview. The questionnaire was based on previous research. Trained fieldworkers conducted the interviews with 297 male apparel shoppers. Eight lifestyle components were identified and labelled as follows: Apparel oriented lifestyle; Performing arts defined lifestyle; Media oriented lifestyle; Socialising lifestyle; Sport oriented lifestyle; Published information oriented lifestyle; Relaxing oriented lifestyle as well as Family/community oriented lifestyle. The three shopping orientation components identified were labelled Local store patronage; Credit prone, Brand conscious and fashion innovating; as well as Shopping self-confidence and enjoyment. Four cluster profiles of male apparel shoppers were formed by means of cluster analysis, according to the eight lifestyles components and three shopping orientation components, as well as the 11 patronage behaviour items. Demographic characteristics describing each cluster profile completed the typology of the four male apparel shopper groups. Cluster 1 was the largest (38%) and was labelled Traditionalists. Its members were classified under Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 4. Cluster 2 was labelled Shopping enthusiasts, and its members were classified under Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 3; they comprised 19% of the total group. Cluster 3 was the second largest (30%) cluster and was identified as Dynamics, and its members were classified under Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 3 and 4. Cluster 4 (13%) was labelled as Laggards, and its members were classified under Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 2. It was evident that the male apparel market is not homogeneous and that it could be clustered into distinct segments of male apparel shoppers with similar characteristics. The following can be regarded as the main implications for retailers, shopping mall management, and marketers: • In order to make retailers’ marketing plan more focused and strategic, marketers could make use of the proposed expanded conceptual model that provides them with an overall view of variables influencing male apparel shopping behaviour within a shopping mall environment. The identified profiles of male apparel shoppers could serve as point of departure when composing marketing strategies. • Advertising and promotional campaigns must be versatile in order to cater for the identified cluster profiles of male apparel consumers. • Male apparel consumers behave differently within different retail stores and shopping malls. Retailers and shopping mall management should therefore attempt to understand their consumers’ needs, wants and, more importantly, prerequisites for patronising their stores and/or shopping malls. South African male apparel consumers should not be considered a homogenous group. Further research should be done across various cultural and ethnic groups, as well as across different gender and age groups. This study focused only on a few concepts pertaining to male apparel shoppers aged 20-35. As, a result, further research is needed to assess the impact of these variables on a wider spectrum of apparel consumers, such as males outside this age demarcation, females or teenagers, and mature shoppers. Recommendations for future research were made which can guide and encourage further scientific research in the field of apparel shopping behaviour. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beskik oor ‘n dinamiese en komplekse kleinhandelomgewing. Die klerekleinhandelindustrie funksioneer binne ‘n ontwikkelende ekonomiese milieu, en ‘n verskeidenheid faktore beinvloed die teikenverbruikers se koopgedrag. Sommige van die faktore is koop-oriëntasie, winkelvoorkeurgedrag, lewenstyl en winkelsentrumgedrag. Mansklerekoopgedrag kan dus as a komplekse verskynsel beskou word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die veranderlikes wat mansklerekoopgedrag beïnvloed te identifiseer, en om te bepaal of die onderskeibare groepe van mansklereverbruikers geïdentifiseer kan word. Teoretiese modelle in die studieveld van Verbruikergedrag is bestudeer. Die inligting is verfyn en verder ontwikkel tot ‘n omvattende konseptuele model van veranderlikes wat mansklerekoopgedrag beïnvloed. Die veranderlikes relevant vir hierdie studie sluit in: die demografiese eienskappe, lewenstyl, kooporiëntasie, winkelvoorkeurgedrag, asook winkelsentrumgedrag. Data vir hierdie verkennende studie is verkry deur respondente in winkels te nader vir ‘n onderhoud (store intercept interview). Die vraelys is op vorige navorsing gebaseer. Opgeleide veldwerkers het 297 onderhoude gevoer met mansklereverbruikers. Agt lewenstylkomponente is geïdentifiseer en soos volg benoem: Klere-georiënteerde lewenstyl; Uitvoerende kunste-georënteerde lewenstyl; Mediageoriënteerde lewenstyl; Sosialiserings-georiënteerde lewenstyl; Sport-georiënteerde lewenstyl; Gepubiseerde informasie-georiënteerde lewenstyl; Ontspannings-georiënteerde lewenstyl asook Familie/gemeenskaps-georiënteerde lewenstyl. Die drie kooporiëntasie-komponente was benoem as plaaslike winkelvoorkeuroriëntasie; krediet-geneigdheid, handelsmerk en mode-innoverende oriëntasie, asook aankoop-selfvertroue en genot-oriëntasie. Vier groepe profiele van mansklereverbruikers is deur middel van trosanalise gevorm. Die trosanalise is gedoen op grond van die agt lewenstylkomponente, die drie kooporiëntasie komponente asook die 11 winkelvoorkeurgedrag-items. Die tipering van die vier groepe is afgerond deur die demografiese eienskappe: Groep 1 was die grootste (38%) en is Traditionalists genoem, en is geklassifiseer as Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 4. Groep 2 is Shopping enthusiasts genoem en maak 19% van die totale groep uit. Hulle is geklassifiseer as Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 3. Groep 3 was die tweede grootste (30%) groep en is Dynamics genoem, en is geklassifiseer as Consumer Scope Lifestyle Levels 3 en 4. Groep 4 (13%) is Laggards genoem en geklassifiseer as Consumer Scope Lifestyle Level 2. Dit is dus duidelik dat die mansklere-aankopersmark nie homogeen is nie en dat hulle in onderskeibare segmente van mansklere-aankopers met ooreenkomstige eienskappe gegroepeer kan word. Die volgende kan beskou word as die belangrikste implikasies vir kleinhandelaars, winkelsentrumbestuur en bemarkers: • Om kleinhandelaars se bemarkingsplan ‘n meer gefokusde en strategiese wending te gee, kan hulle gebruik maak van die voorgestelde uitgebreide konseptuele model wat hul van ‘n oorsig voorsien oor die veranderlikes wat mansklere-aankoopgedrag binne ‘n winkelsentrumomgewing beïnvloed. Die geïdentifiseerde profiele van mansklere-aankopers kan as vertrekpunt dien wanneer bemarkingstrategieë saamgestel word. • Advertensie- en promosieveldtogte moet veelsydig wees om vir die geïdentifiseerde groepe van mansklereverbruikers of -aankopers te voorsien. • Mansklereverbruikers toon verskillende soorte gedrag in verskillende kleinhandelwinkels en winkelsentrums. Kleinhandelaars en winkelsentrumbestuur moet ‘n poging aanwend om hul verbruikers se behoeftes en begeertes, maar bowenal in hul voorkeurgedrag vir winkels/winkelsentrums, te voorsien. Suid-Afrikaanse mansklereverbruikers moet nie as ‘n homogene groep beskou word nie. Verdere navorsing moet oor verskeie kulturele en etniese groepe heen, asook oor verskillende geslags- en ouderdomsgroepe, gedoen word. Hierdie studie fokus alleenlik op ‘n paar konsepte wat betrekking het op mansklereverbruikers tussen 20 en 35 jaar. Gevolglik word verdere navorsing benodig om die impak van hierdie veranderlikes op ‘n wyer spektrum van verbruikers te beraam, byvoorbeeld mans buite die ouderdomsperk, vrouens, tienderjariges, en bejaarde verbruikers. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing word gemaak wat verdere wetenskaplike navorsing in die studieveld van klereaankoopgedrag kan rig en aanmoedig.