Ethics was identified by the Ethiopian government as one of the areas requiring attention and was made an integral part of the ongoing Civil Service Reform Program since 1996. Despite the reform efforts that have been going on for about two decades, no rigorous academic and empirical research has been conducted to understand the nature and depth of the problems. Moreover, the theoretical discourses in the general literature and the national efforts made by the government and its development partners also emphasize on the structural and procedural issues of ethics, giving little focus to the behavioural components or dimensions of ethics of civil servants. The purpose of this study was to investigate and critically analyse the nature and dynamics of work ethics in the Ethiopian civil service; and to assess the ethical environment within which the public sector operates in the country. Mixed research method was applied. Questionnaires were used to collect primary quantitative data from two groups of research participants – civil servants and the service users; whereas primary qualitative data were collected employing in-depth interviews from managers and key experts in the field. Data from secondary sources were also used. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive analysis. The qualitative ones were analysed using the qualitative data analysis technique with the emphasis on the phenomenological approach. The study showed that there is clearly growing awareness of ethical challenges within the civil service, though a fundamental change in the ethical conduct of the employees is not yet realized. It is also found out that there is no problem of legislation and policy frameworks; rather the problem lies in the weak implementation and enforcement of them. Leadership behaviour, absence of strong institutions, poor accountability system, poor remuneration and politicization of the civil service were identified as the biggest challenges to foster ethical conduct. Accordingly, it is suggested that the government play a key role in addressing the problems that hamper the effective implementation of the reform efforts. Other stakeholders such as the civic society organizations, religious institutions, the private sector, schools and the general public should also work closely with the government. Ensuring ethical conduct requires synergy of all actors, ranging from ordinary citizens to high-level decision-making bodies. / Business Management / D.B.L.

It has become obvious that a worldwide awareness of the quality of children’s behaviour and therefore also of learner-behaviour exist (Lewis, 2001:307). Moreover, according to Lee and Powell (2005:83), the whole of America has turned concerned interest towards the dilemmas that are associated with the troublesome behaviour of young people at schools. The purpose of this non-experimental, descriptive survey was to react to Gossen (in Lee & Powell, 2005:85) who advocates the restructuring of school discipline to create an atmosphere that would support learners in re-adjusting their behaviour. As a result, the main aim of this study is to examine how learner discipline can be managed in Thabo Mofutsanyana District as informed by the literature study and empirical survey. This aim is conceptualised into objectives and was achieved by investigating the nature of learner discipline, investigated how learner discipline in the Thabo Mofutsanyana District was managed. A quantitative method of gathering data was used in this study. According to Leedy and Omrod (2005:950, quantitative research methods are those that seek to objectively measure the variables of interest. To qualify and quantify the effects of learner’s perception on behavioural choices, this study offers a guide to the data collection and analysis, which provides useful information that is relevant to pre-service and practicing educators. For the purpose of this research, structured questionnaire was selected as a research tool. Tuckman (2008:230) explains the fact that questionnaires are used by researchers to convert information directly given by people into data. The findings suggest that classroom management has an impact on how learners learn and how educators manage learning in a classroom situation. Findings also suggested that by means of a classroom policy, an educator can use rules and procedures to regulate all aspects of the classroom environment and all the actions and behaviour within the classroom. Also, findings confirm that the following issues are pivotal to schools when developing classroom policy: a good classroom policy must clearly reflect the objectives (long-term) and aims (short-term) for which the class is striving, the policy should also be consistent, be acceptable to the majority, facilitate decision-making about certain matters and make provision for the class rules and procedure. In conclusion, an overview of the challenges identified by this research project, as well as the aspects in need of further research, is highlighted. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Education in Swaziland is faced with the challenge of degenerating professional standards among teachers. This study sought to determine the relevance of the current teacher training curriculum in preparing pre-service teachers on professional ethics regarding teacher-pupil relationships. The study’s participants were from two universities; University of Swaziland (UNISWA) and Southern Africa Nazarene University (SANU), and three teacher-training colleges; William Pitcher, Ngwane, and Swaziland College of Technology. Participants comprised five purposefully selected heads of education departments, five focus groups of eight final year student teachers randomly selected from each institution, 100 new teachers with less than five years teaching experience (graduates) from the participating teacher training institutions. Data were collected concurrently using a semi-structured interview for the heads of department, focus group interviews for student teachers, a questionnaire for new teachers and document analysis for collecting data from documents of the institutions. Instruments were pilot tested on samples with similar characteristics to those of the participants. Data analysis was guided by the research questions. Qualitative data from the interviews and focus group interviews were analysed inductively, presented narratively through the use of verbatim quotations. Content analysis was used to analyse data from the documents and presented similarly to that from interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Findings of the study revealed that the extent to which teacher training institutions implemented professional ethics regarding teacher-pupil relationships was not as adequate as it should, in terms of content and methods of implementation. The teacher training institutions generally offered professional ethics not as a course but as part of a course or courses. Therefore, the study recommended that the curricula in teacher training institutions should incorporate a course specific to ethics of the teaching profession. A further study on challenges faced by teacher training institutions in the implementation of the curriculum on professional ethics is necessary. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

MEd (Educational Management) / Department of Educational Management / The aim of the study was to investigate management of safety concerns in rural primary schools of Maleboho West circuit in Capricorn District. In rural areas, management of safety at primary school level is not adequate. Safety issues such as the carrying of sharp objects to classrooms, lack of scholar patrols and security guards, vandalizing of school property, poor condition of school buildings do not receive special attention in order to secure quality teaching and learning. To achieve the above aim, the study employed the interpretive paradigm to understand safety concerns from participants’ perspectives. The study was guided by a comprehensive approach theory to school safety. The study population comprised principals, teachers, governance official, chairpersons of School Governing Bodies and security personnel in Maleboho West circuit. In line with the interpretive research paradigm, purposive sampling was used to choose 11 participants that formed the study sample. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. Data was analysed thematically. The results show that poor management of safety concerns is real and compromises the quality of teaching and learning. Amongst other measures, the study recommends enforcing discipline amongst learners and teachers; abolishment of pit toilets; availability of scholar patrols and security guards and ensuring the general monitoring of the safety of learners and school property. / NRF

Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers ABSTRACT A sharp increase of number of the codes of ethics in all fields of human activity is the trend of current ethical education. The dissertation is oriented (focuses) on the question of the necessity or the suitability of codes of ethics for ambulance services (Emergency Ambulance Services and Non- emergency patient transport services). The introductory theoretical part defines the range of medical transport professions that are the subjects of research. There are introduce the theoretical bases of healthcare professions. The historical part of the dissertation is focused on the development of a medical transport with an emphasis on ethical principles in the work of emegency and nonemergency ambulance services. The theory that the direct precursors of code of ethics can be promises, oaths, orders, statutes, instructions, recommendations and similar written or unwritten documents containing ethical principles that include challenges to help others and the demands of collegiallity, respect, honesty or virtuous life was confirmed. In the work is also mentions some ethical problems and dilemmas in the work in the ambulance services. The content of the practical part of dissertation is research study on the question of...

This -study identifies how language usage and culture affect international PR practitioners in three Western cultures-- America, England and Australia. Likewise, this study examined how language usage and culture affect three major PR organizations-- PRSA in America, CIPR in England and PRIA in Australia. Content analysis and in-depth interviews were conducted with PR practitioners and members of all three PR organizations to address the following three research questions: (1) What is the impact of language usage on the ethics and professional practice of professional public relations? (2) What is the impact of culture on the ethics and professional practice of professional public relations? and (3) How does language usage and culture effect the professional practice of international organizations?

Ethical codes of non-medical health professions focusing on ambulance service workers ABSTRACT A sharp increase of number of the codes of ethics in all fields of human activity is the trend of current ethical education. The dissertation is oriented (focuses) on the question of the necessity or the suitability of codes of ethics for ambulance services (Emergency Ambulance Services and Non- emergency patient transport services). The introductory theoretical part defines the range of medical transport professions that are the subjects of research. There are introduce the theoretical bases of healthcare professions. The historical part of the dissertation is focused on the development of a medical transport with an emphasis on ethical principles in the work of emegency and nonemergency ambulance services. The theory that the direct precursors of code of ethics can be promises, oaths, orders, statutes, instructions, recommendations and similar written or unwritten documents containing ethical principles that include challenges to help others and the demands of collegiallity, respect, honesty or virtuous life was confirmed. In the work is also mentions some ethical problems and dilemmas in the work in the ambulance services. The content of the practical part of dissertation is research study on the question of...

The General Data Protection Regulation enforced on the 25th of may in 2018 is a response to the growing importance of IT in today’s society, accompanied by public demand for control over personal data. In contrast to the previous directive, the new regulation applies to personal data stored in an unstructured format, such as email, rather than solely structured data. Companies are now forced to accommodate to this change, among others, in order to be compliant. This study aims to provide a code of conduct for the processing of personal data in email as a measure for reaching compliance. Furthermore, this study investigates whether Named Entity Recognition (NER) can aid this process as a means of finding personal data in the form of names. A literature review of current research and recommendations was conducted for the code of conduct proposal. A NER system was constructed using a hybrid approach with Binary Logistic Regression, hand-crafted rules and gazetteers. The model was applied to a selection of emails, including attachments, obtained from a small consultancy company in the automotive industry. The proposed code of conduct consists of six items, applied to the consultancy firm. The NER-model demonstrated low ability to identify names and was therefore deemed insufficient for this task. / Dataskyddsförordningen började gälla den 25e maj 2018, och uppstod som ett svar på den okände betydelsen av IT i dagens samhälle samt allmänhetens krav på ökad kontroll över personuppgifter för den enskilde individen. Till skillnad från det tidigare direktivet, omfattar den nya förordningen även personuppgifter som är lagrad i ostrukturerad form, som till exempel e-post, snarare än endast i strukturerad form. Många företag tvingas därmed att anpassa sig efter detta, tillsammans med ett flertal andra nya krav, i syfte att efterfölja förordningen. Den här studien syftar till att lägga fram ett förslag på en uppförandekod för behandling av personuppgifter i e-post som ett verktyg för att nå medgörlighet. Utöver detta undersöks det om Named Entity Recognition (NER) kan användas som ett hjälpmedel vid identifiering av personuppgifter, mer specifikt namn. En litteraturstudie kring tidigare forskning och aktuella rekommendationer utfördes inför utformningen av uppförandekoden. Ett NER-system konstruerades med hjälp av Binär Logistisk Regression, handgjorda regler och ordlistor. Modellen applicerades på ett urval av e-postmeddelanden, med eventuella bilagor, som tillhandahölls från ett litet konsultbolag aktivt inom bilindustrin. Den rekommenderade uppförandekoden består av sex punkter, applicerade på konsultbolaget. NER-modellen påvisade en låg förmåga att identifiera namn och ansågs därför inte vara lämplig för den utsatta uppgiften.

The South African Schools Act of 1996 mandates the establishment of School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in all schools with grade eight and higher. Amongst others, the SGB has the authority to develop a Code of Conduct for learners in a school. This study includes a literature review of discipline in schools, the functions of SGBs, the development and implementation of a Code of Conduct by the SGB. A qualitative investigation of the perceptions of parents, educators and learners, of discipline and dealing with misbehaviour was conducted in three secondary schools in the North-West Province. It was established that role-players differed in their understanding of coming to a common understanding of what to include in a Code of Conduct. It seems as if measures to deal with misbehaviour are often in violation of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Based on the findings, recommendations for addressing discipline by means of a Code of Conduct were proposed. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Since 1994 the South African government has implemented principles of equity, redress and social empowerment in broader society and in education. Consequently, corporal punishment was banned in schools and new methods of managing discipline were introduced. Moreover, decision-making power is decentralised to School Governing Bodies on which learner representatives serve in secondary schools. Thus, the latter are also involved in the management of discipline. This study explores the learners' role in the management of discipline in urban secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal. Current perspectives on school discipline and an overview of the learners' role in discipline management in the South African context were provided. A qualitative investigation used interviews with learners and educators in selected schools to collect data. Findings suggest that learner involvement in discipline can be positive but lack of training and poor communication impede the full deployment of learners in this regard. Finally, recommendations for the improvement of practice are made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)