Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Jose da Fonseca Costa.pdf: 1263073 bytes, checksum: 5e0088ac0a9fdf2802c5b0844e006375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Impartiality is essential to jurisdiction, and among other things, it guarantees the parties and the maintenance of democracy itself. The procedural law systems currently in force in Brazil need to walk in opposite direction to the path they are actually taking in order for it to be minimally guarded, that is, regarding subjective impartiality specifically. These systems have already been feeding the cognitive bias factors of the adjudicative decision-makers and, therefore, feeding a breach of its systemic and unconscious biases. In this sense, the present work proposes a legislative reform, offering a precautionary model of lege ferenda inspired in algorithmic strategies based on the latest findings of a new discipline increasingly thriving in Anglo-Saxon countries, Israel and Western Europe called Behavioral Law and Economics (resulting from a fusion of law, cognitive psychology and behavioral economics). Hence the reason it is a legal enginnering work. Now, assuming that any decision maker is equipped with a bounded rationality (not to be confused with actual irrationality ), these techniques seek to undo or to isolate the effects of the so-called cognitive biases , which are mere shortcuts predictable and therefore, preventable which the human mind develops in order to make decisions from complex information under situations of uncertainty. Thus, the major cognitive illusions which affect the adjudicative decision-makers (representativeness bias, anchoring-and-adjustment bias, confirmation bias and in-group bias) were studied along with the procedural standards better suited to neutralize or eliminate these biases. Nevertheless, the proposed model is open to new discoveries that may occur regarding this matter. However, even in the case of a lege ferenda model, one can from it criticize de lege lata of the Brazilian Positive Law and demonstrate that many of the common biased practices in daily forensic activities could have already been confronted / A imparcialidade, sendo nota essencial à jurisdição, é dentre outras coisas garantia das partes e da própria manutenção da Democracia. No que concerne especificamente à imparcialidade subjetiva, para que seja minimamente resguardada, é preciso que os sistemas de direito processual atualmente vigentes no Brasil caminhem em sentido oposto ao rumo que estão tomando, já que têm alimentado fatores de enviesamento cognitivo dos julgadores e, portanto, uma quebra inconsciente e sistêmica de suas imparcialidades. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho propõe uma reforma legislativa, oferecendo um modelo precaucional de lege ferenda inspirado em estratégias algorítmicas fundadas nas mais recentes descobertas de uma nova disciplina cada vez mais pujante em países anglo-saxões, Israel e Europa Ocidental chamada Behavioral Law & Economics (resultante de uma fusão entre Direito, Psicologia Cognitiva e Economia Comportamental). Daí por que se trata de um trabalho de engenharia jurídica. Ora, partindo da premissa de que todo e qualquer tomador de decisão é provido de uma racionalidade limitada (que não se confunde propriamente com irracionalidade ), essas técnicas buscam desfazer ou isolar os efeitos dos chamados vieses cognitivos , que nada mais são do que atalhos simplificadores previsíveis e, portanto, evitáveis que a mente humana desenvolve para tomar decisões a partir de informações complexas sob situação de incerteza. Assim sendo, estudar-se-ão as principais ilusões cognitivas que acometem os julgadores (viés de representatividade, viés de ancoragem e ajustamento, viés de confirmação e viés de grupo) e as normas processuais mais adequadas à neutralização, mitigação ou à eliminação desses vieses. Não obstante, o modelo proposto é aberto às novas descobertas que vierem porventura a ocorrer nessa matéria. Todavia, ainda que se trate de um modelo de lege ferenda, a partir dele se podem tecer críticas de lege lata ao direito positivo brasileiro e demonstrar que muitas das práticas enviesantes corriqueiras no dia a dia forense já poderiam estar sendo combatidas

Στην παρούσα έρευνα αναπτύχθηκε και εφαρμόστηκε ένα ψυχοεκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα για παιδιά δημοτικού. Ο στόχος ήταν η κατανόηση από μέρους των παιδιών των αλλαγών που έχουν συντελεστεί στο κοινωνικό και οικογενειακό περιβάλλον, λόγω της οικονομικής κρίσης και η ενδυνάμωσή τους για σωστή διαχείριση των παραπάνω αλλαγών. Σχεδιάστηκε και υλοποιήθηκε ένα ψυχοεκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα έξι συναντήσεων βασισμένο στις αρχές της Θετικής ψυχολογίας και της Γνωσιακής – Συμπεριφοριστικής ψυχολογίας. Οι συμμετέχοντες διδάχτηκαν στρατηγικές και δεξιότητες διαχείρισης της οικονομικής κρίσης. Από τη στατιστική ανάλυση των ποιοτικών και ποσοτικών στοιχείων των ερωτηματολογίων που συμπληρώθηκαν από τους συμμετέχοντες στο ψυχοεκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα εξήχθησαν τα παρακάτω συμπεράσματα: Οι περισσότεροι από τους συμμετέχοντες έμαθαν τις έννοιες των βασικών όρων της οικονομικής κρίσης. Εξέφρασαν τα συναισθήματά τους και αντιλήφθηκαν τις σωματικές αντιδράσεις που τα συνοδεύουν. Επίσης, φάνηκε μια τάση ανάπτυξης των τριών αξόνων της Θετικής ψυχολογίας δηλαδή, της ικανοποίησης από τη ζωή, της ευτυχίας και της αισιοδοξίας τους. Τέλος, έδειξαν κατανόηση των στρατηγικών επίλυσης προβλημάτων. / In this survey was developed and implemented a psycho educational program for primary school children. The goal was the understanding, from the children, of changes that have occurred in the social and family environment due to the economic crisis and their empowerment for proper management of these changes. A six meetings psycho educational program has been designed and implemented based on the principles of positive psychology and cognitive-behavioral psychology. Participants were taught strategies and economic crisis management skills. From the statistical analysis of qualitative and quantitative data of the questionnaires that were completed by the participants, the following conclusions were reached: Most of the participants learned the concepts of key terms of the economic crisis. They expressed their feelings and perceived physical reactions that accompany them. Moreover a development trend of the three pillars of positive psychology was demonstrated, that is, life satisfaction, happiness and optimism. Finally, they showed understanding of problem solving strategies.