Bakgrund: Vid forskningsgenomgång framkom det i internationell forskning att det finns kunskap om sjuksköterskans arbetsbelastning, om stressfaktorer på arbetsplatsen och dess negativa påverkan på sjuksköterskans hälsa. Sjuksköterskan upplever en stark arbetsrelaterad stress, där tidspress och hög arbetsbelastning är återkommande fenomen på akutvårdsavdelningar. En kunskapsbrist råder kring sjuksköterskans upplevda hälsa, specifikt i relation till hennes upplevda möjlighet att ge god omvårdnad. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevda hälsa i relation till hennes upplevda möjlighet att ge god omvårdnad i en akutvårdskontext. Metod: Enkätundersökning av empirisk deskriptiv design med kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Utifrån sjuksköterskornas skattning av hälsa och god omvårdnad sorterades frågorna in i rubrikerna: sjuksköterskans upplevda hälsa, omvårdnadens atmosfär, sjuksköterskans upplevda möjlighet att underhålla omvårdnadens kvalitet och stressorer i arbetsmiljön. Slutsats: Studien illustrerar ett gott exempel på sjuksköterskans upplevelse av hälsa och upplevelse av god omvårdnad i relation till varandra och KASAM. Sjuksköterskan kan ha en hög KASAM eller låg KASAM beroende på hög begriplighet och hanterbarhet men låg meningsfullhet, eller låg begriplighet och hanterbarhet men hög meningsfullhet. Det vill säga att en sjuksköterska väl kan ha god hälsa utan att hon har relation till god omvårdnad om begriplighet och hanterbarhet finns. Likaså kan sjuksköterskan uppleva avsaknad av hälsa med att detta är i relation till att uppleva god omvårdnad om meningsfullhet finns. Klinisk betydelse: Det krävs en insikt om vad relationen hälsa och välmående hos sjuksköterskan, satt i sammanhang med huvuduppgiften, det utförda omvårdnadsarbetet, egentligen kräver. / Background: Internationally, there is an existing knowledge about nurses’ workload, stress factors in workplaces and its negative impact on nurses’ health. In acute care settings, the nurses experience a strong work-related stress, where time pressure and heavy workload are recurring phenomena. A lack of knowledge exists about the nurse's perceived health, specifically in relation to her experienced ability to provide good care. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine nurses’ experienced health, in relation to her experienced ability to provide good nursing, in acute care settings. Method: A survey of empirical descriptive design with quantitative approach. Result: Based on nurses' estimates of health and good nursing, the questions were arranged under the following headlines: experienced health – good nursing, lack of health – absence of nursing, experienced health – absence of nursing and lack of health – good nursing. Conclusion: The study is a good example of the relation between a nurse's experienced health, her cognition of well performed nursing and sense of coherence. The nurse may have a high or low sense of coherence due to high comprehensibility and manageability but low meaningfulness, or low comprehensibility and manageability but high meaningfulness. Due to high comprehensibility and manageability the nurse can experience good health, but it may not be related to good nursing. The nurse can also experience a lack of health but perform good nursing, due to high meaningfulness. Clinical significance: The study indicates that it requires an understanding for the relation between health and well-being of the nurses, put in context with the main task, the nursing.

L'architecture TSAR (Tera-Scale ARchitecture) développée conjointement par BULL, le Lip6 et le CEA-LETI est une architecture manycore CC-NUMA extensible jusqu'à 1024 cœurs. Le protocole de cohérence de cache DHCCP dans l'architecture TSAR repose sur le principe du répertoire global distribué en utilisant la stratégie d'écriture simultanée afin de passer à l'échelle, mais cette scalabilité a un coût énergétique important que nous cherchons à réduire. Actuellement, les plus grosses entreprises dans le domaine des semi-conducteurs, comme Intel ou AMD, utilisent les protocoles MESI ou MOESI dans leurs processeurs multicoeurs. Ces types de protocoles utilisent la stratégie d'écriture différée pour réduire la forte consommation énergétique due aux écritures. Mais la complexité d'implémentation et la forte augmentation de ce trafic de cohérence quand le nombre de processeurs augmente limite le passage à l'échelle de ces protocoles au-delà de quelques dizaines de coeurs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau protocole de cohérence de cache utilisant une méthode hybride pour traiter les écritures dans le cache L1 privé : pour les lignes non partagées, le contrôleur de cache L1 utilise la stratégie d'écriture différée, de façon à modifier les lignes localement. Pour les lignes partagées, le contrôleur de cache L1 utilise la stratégie d'écriture immédiate pour éviter l'état de propriété exclusive sur ces lignes partagées. Cette méthode, appelée RWT pour Released Write Through, passe non seulement à l'échelle, mais réduit aussi significativement la consommation énergétique liée aux écritures. Nous avons aussi optimisé la solution actuelle pour gérer la cohérence des TLBs dans l'architecture TSAR, en termes de performance et de consommation énergétique. Enfin, nous introduisons dans cette thèse un nouveau petit cache, appelé micro-cache, entre le coeur et le cache L1, afin de réduire le nombre d'accès au cache d'instructions. / The TSAR architecture (Tera-Scale ARchitecture) developed jointly by Lip6 Bull and CEA-LETI is a CC-NUMA manycore architecture which is scalable up to 1024 cores. The DHCCP cache coherence protocol in the TSAR architecture is a global directory protocol using the write-through policy in the L1 cache for scalability purpose, but this write policy causes a high power consumption which we want to reduce. Currently the biggest semiconductors companies, such as Intel or AMD, use the MESI MOESI protocols in their multi-core processors. These protocols use the write-back policy to reduce the high power consumption due to writes. However, the complexity of implementation and the sharp increase in the coherence traffic when the number of processors increases limits the scalability of these protocols beyond a few dozen cores. In this thesis, we propose a new cache coherence protocol using a hybrid method to process write requests in the L1 private cache : for exclusive lines, the L1 cache controller chooses the write-back policy in order to modify locally the lines as well as eliminate the write traffic for exclusive lines. For shared lines, the L1 cache controller uses the write-through policy to simplify the protocol and in order to guarantee the scalability. We also optimized the current solution for the TLB coherence problem in the TSAR architecture. The new method which is called CC-TLB not only improves the performance, but also reduces the energy consumption. Finally, this thesis introduces a new micro cache between the core and the L1 cache, which allows to reduce the number of accesses to the instruction cache, in order to save energy.

abstract: Although most Americans support capital punishment, many people have misconceptions about its efficacy and administration (e.g., that capital punishment deters crime). Can correcting people’s inaccurate attitudes change their support for the death penalty? If not, are there other strategies that might shift people’s attitudes about the death penalty? Some research suggests that statistical information can correct misconceptions about polarizing topics. Yet, statistics might be irrelevant if people support capital punishment for purely retributive reasons, suggesting other argumentative strategies may be more effective. In Study 1, I compared how two different interventions shifted attitudes towards the death penalty. In Studies 2 - 4 I examined what other attitudes shape endorsement of capital punishment, and used these findings to develop and test an educational intervention aimed at providing information about errors in the implementation of the death penalty. Altogether, these findings suggest that attitudes about capital punishment are based on more than just retributive motives, and that correcting misconceptions related to its administration and other relevant factors reduces support for the death penalty. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2019

This paper investigates why patron states choose to adopt a passive strategy in relation to de facto states. Pål Kolstø from the University of Oslo has claimed that this strategy is based on the assumption that de facto states have nowhere else to turn. In this thesis, role theory is used to expand this claim. The paper argues that patron states can adopt a passive strategy in relation to their clients when they expect role coherence. This occurs when the perceptions of both actors of the patron’s role are in alignment. Role theory places emphasis on both leaders and followers in bilateral relations, which enables a deeper exploration of the perspectives of both actors. The selected case study focuses on the relationship between Russia and the de facto state Abkhazia, acknowledged by previous research as a client characterised by a high degree of defiance. Thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke was used to identify roles on which the study was based. The material encompasses 25 articles each from the Abkhaz newspaper Respublika Abkhaziya and Russian newspaper Izvestiya during the years 2019 and 2020.  The thesis concludes that role coherence was present in this relationship. Despite diverging attitudes and interests, the perception of Russia’s role was clearly reflected in Abkhaz media. The results indicate that role theory can be used to explore how patron states conduct foreign policy and enables a more comprehensive study of patron-client relationships.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is an emerging dental condition manifested clinically as tooth surface loss, eventually impairing the teeth’s structural integrity, function, and esthetics. Both research and practice are in need of a quantitative, non-destructive method to monitor ETW. Cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT), an advanced imaging tool, shows great potential to fulfill this need, but its feasibility and shortcomings remain unclear. In this dissertation, I explored the capability of CP-OCT to monitor ETW in three in vitro studies, one per chapter. Chapter 2 investigated the effects of enamel surface roughness and dental erosion severity on CP-OCT dental surface loss measurements. Chapter 3 tested the effects of enamel surface roughness and dental erosion on CP-OCT enamel thickness measurements at different simulated wear levels. Chapter 4 explored the ability of CP-OCT to quantify the thickness of natural and wornout enamel surfaces and to estimate longitudinally the wear depths resulting from simulated wear. I concluded: (1) enamel surface roughness did not affect CP-OCT measurements of enamel surface loss, however, the estimated error limited the appropriate assessment of the initial stages of dental erosion surface loss using CP-OCT; (2) enamel surface roughness and dental erosion did not affect CP-OCT enamel thickness measurements, and the CP-OCT differentiated the simulated enamel wear levels; and (3) CP-OCT quantified thickness of natural enamel before, during, and after the tooth wear simulation and allowed wear depth estimation following the simulated wear. / 2021-07-03

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis explores the developmental pathway of thematic coherence among one Saudi female student in a foundational second language (L2) writing composition course, contributing to the field of L2 academic writing by offering a rich description of writing development. Despite a rapid increase in enrollment in the past 10 years, students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) remain an understudied L2 learner population. In addition, although a number of studies have explored coherence among L2 learners of English, such research focuses either on the linguistic features utilized by learners to ensure cohesion or on the contrast between L2 learners’ cohesive devices and that of professional standards. To date, no studies offer insight into learners’ developmental trajectory toward greater competency in producing coherent academic paragraphs. The present study proposes an alternative approach by analyzing academic paragraphs in light of the definition of thematic coherence as a general-to-particular structure of ideas, i.e., a flow of information to form a superordinate-subordinate structure in which subordinate ideas support the abstract, overarching assertion. Further, the study uses the methodology of a microgenetic analysis to facilitate the tracing of the history of mediation and micro-changes in the focal learner’s written production over time as it relates to the proposed definition of thematic coherence. Each of the written drafts of paragraphs produced by the focal student is analyzed in sequence. An analysis of qualitative data is presented to contextualize and describe the focal learner’s experience in the instructional context and how this is interconnected to the development of her written paragraphs. The results showed an increase in the student’s ability to produce academic paragraphs with a general-to-particular structure, particularly during mediation that was rich with metalinguistic terminology that also created opportunities to collaboratively construct meanings of such terms. A main contribution to L2 academic writing this study offers is a rich description of a student’s developing skills in producing academic paragraphs. An implication is that to nurture academic writing skills, such as thematic coherence among students from KSA, instruction must be attentive to the developmental stages this student population progresses through.

The purpose of this work was to develop novel optical imaging technology and algorithms as a nondestructive method for detection and diagnosis of cancer in breast specimens. There are many ways in which the diagnosis of disease can benefit from fast and intelligent optical imaging technology. Our existing ability to provide this diagnosis depends on time-consuming pathology analysis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging modality that provides depth-resolved, high-resolution images of tissue microstructure in real-time. OCT could provide a rapid evaluation of specimens while patients are still in the office, and has strong potential to improve the efficiency in evaluation of breast pathology specimens (biopsy or surgical). In this work, we demonstrate an imaging system to address this unmet clinical need, artificial intelligence algorithms to interpret the images, and early work towards miniaturizing the technology. We present an OCT system that achieves a line scan rate of 250kHz, meaning we can image a pathology cassette in 41 seconds, which is more than double the fastest scan rate in the field. By utilizing a multiplexed superluminescent diode (SLD) light source, which has strong noise performance over imaging speed, we achieve high resolution imaging under 5 um in tissue (axially and laterally). The system features a 1.1 mm 6-dB sensitivity fall-off range when imaging at 250 kHz. The scanner features large-area scanning with the implementation of a 2-axis motorized stage, enabling visualization of areas up to 10 cm x 10 cm (prior work visualizes 3 mm x 3mm). We showcase the results of demonstrating the performance of this system on a 100-patient clinical imaging study of breast biopsies, as well as imaging of clinical pathology specimens from the breast, prostate, lung, and pancreas in an IRB-approved study. Further, we show our work towards developing artificial intelligence (AI) for cancer detection within OCT images. Using retrospective data, we developed a type of AI algorithm known as a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify OCT images of breast tissue from 49 patients. The binary cancer classification achieved 94% accuracy, 96% sensitivity, and 92% specificity. This framework had higher accuracy than the 88% accuracy of 7 clinician readers combined in our lab’s earlier multi-reader study. Lastly, we demonstrate a supercontinuum light source based on a 1 mm2 Si3N4 photonic chip for OCT imaging that has better performance than the state-of-the-art laser. Existing broadband laser sources for OCT are large, bulky, and have high excess noise. Our Si3N4 chip fundamentally eliminates the excess noise common to lasers and achieves 105 dB sensitivity and 1.81 mm 6-dB sensitivity roll-off with only 300 µW power on the sample.

Today represents vibration analysis an inseparable part of the product design, especially aeronautical components, machine tools etc. One of the vibration analysis methods is the so-called modal analysis, which determines the modal parameters of the researched structure. This paper deals with a comparison of two commonly used approaches, namely „Single Input Multiple Output“ (SIMO) and „Multiple Input Multiple Output“ analysis (MIMO). A MIMO procedure of measurement is developed and discussed. Both analyses are executed by the same conditions on the milling machine based on parallel kinematics in order to objective comparison. The results show that the choice of the so-called refer-ence points is very important. In case both references are appropriately selected, the MIMO analysis gives better results that the SIMO one.

This thesis deals with the topic of 3D image processing for digital holographic microscopy - numerical refocusing. This method allows to perform mathematically accurate defocus correction on image of a sample captured away from the sample plane and it was applicable only for images that were made made using coherent illumination source. It has been generalized to a form in which it is also applicable to devices that use incoherent (non-monochromatic or extended) illumination sources. Another presented achievement concerns hologram processing. The advanced hologram processing method enables obtaining more data mainly concerning precision of quantities from one hologram — normally, one would have to capture multiple holograms to get those. Both methods have been verified experimentally.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18875号 / 医博第3986号 / 新制||医||1008(附属図書館) / 31826 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 森田 智視, 教授 福山 秀直, 教授 大森 治紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM