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Creating a community of learners with and among students in a collaborativeclassroom environment provides the keystone for developing the skills necessary forsuccess in the 21st century. Some preservice teachers envision that community building can enhance the learning experience for them and their students and want to learn and employ the necessary strategies. This study examined whether such a desirous group of novice teachers could identify the key factors they believed comprise community building and could successfully establish a community of learners during their first full year of teaching, supported by participation in a collaborative inquiry group. Four novice teachers met monthly throughout their first year for two-hoursessions during which they discussed and examined various aspects involved inestablishing their classroom communities. They created and shared artifacts designed to promote a caring, respectful relationship between them and their students as well as among the students themselves. These novice teachers discussed the challenges inherent in helping students with differing sociocultural, language, and behavioral needs bond with one another. They also supported each other in dealing with the myriad of necessities and constraints involved in implementing a start-up classroom. During the final session, group members synthesized what they believed constituted the essence of community building. They also elaborated regarding the areas of success they had achieved during their initial year of teaching. Finally, the members identified that participation in a collaborative inquiry group had supported their first-year experience. The group judged their overall experience as productive and successful. The researcher’s perspective was somewhat different from the other groupmembers. Difficulties identified in the process were using collaborative inquiry as themethod to gather data for a dissertation while endeavoring to act as an equal groupmember, requiring in-depth analysis of novice teachers who had not previouslyparticipated in action research and were still in the early stages of developing theirpractice as well as the tendency of novice teachers who had experienced the samepreservice program to employ groupthink rather than to challenge one another’sstatements. Further research should study collaborative inquiry as a method employed throughout preservice programs.

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Preparing college students to be contributing members of local and global societies requires educators to analyze the capabilities and needs of their students and to adjust instructional content and practice. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was twofold: (a) to explore how classroom approaches designed to facilitate students' questioning of assumptions and beliefs regarding different cultural beliefs, social structures, and practices might influence Japanese college students' self-reported development of intercultural competence, and (b) to investigate whether or not the students developed their potential for intercultural competence. Mezirow's transformative learning theory informed this study. Archival qualitative data were from 137 Japanese undergraduate students' journals from a course with approaches designed to facilitate questioning their assumptions and beliefs. Multilevel coding was used to support thematic analysis. Archival quantitative data of students' pretest and posttest scores on the Intercultural Adaptation Potential Scale (ICAPS) were too few for meaningful analysis. Limited trend interpretations of the quantitative data helped support the qualitative data findings. Key findings included students identifying the importance of opportunities to discuss conflicting cultural beliefs, social structures, and practices; several questioned their assumptions and enhanced their intercultural competence. Expanded research into the challenge of enhancing cultural competence is needed. Positive social change is possible when intercultural competence and understanding the importance of dealing with cultural conflicts in an informed manner are enhanced. Students who expand their comfort levels and understandings will gain membership into multiple societies, reflect critically on their worldviews, and be able to take positive actions during conflicts.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand how five choral music educators’ life experiences, prior knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, and understandings surrounding the formation of their musical selves have come to shape their professional practice. A secondary purpose of this research was to examine institutional context and governing ideologies of the choral music discipline. The study involved five choral music educators—including the researcher—of various ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds from Winnipeg, Manitoba. This research is grounded in what Beattie (1995) terms the dialectical and collaborative nature of narrative inquiry, but also looks to reflexive inquiry and life history methodologies (Cole & Knowles, 2000), as well as the practice of collective biography (Davies & Gannon, 2006) to shape its methodological framework. As such, autobiographical forms of self-study research are reconceptualized as collaborative self-study. Data collection methods included journal writing, personal in-depth interviews, and participant observation. In particular, regular focus group sessions, which included peer interviewing, played a central role throughout the research process. This forum allowed participants to share their musical life histories and interrogate each others’ narratives, thereby triggering musical memories and exposing the interconnectivity of musical pasts to current professional practice. Data is re-presented in rich narratives which trace the path of each participant’s musical life history in interaction with theory and relevant literature. Numerous themes, sub-themes, tensions, and epiphanal episodes (Denzin, 1994) are illuminated. Moreover, connections between participants’ experiences and resultant ways of knowing are exposed, and we are confronted with “the unexpectedness of universality” (Hofstadter, 2007, p. 242). Thus, our commonessence is revealed. Participant chapters are followed by a postlude featuring the researcher’s personal narratives, an examination of researcher voice, and questions regarding the practice of choral music education that have surfaced through reflexive analysis of the data. This research strives to be a model for personal professional development among choral music educators, and provides a template for future purposeful discussion in the choral discipline.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand how five choral music educators’ life experiences, prior knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, and understandings surrounding the formation of their musical selves have come to shape their professional practice. A secondary purpose of this research was to examine institutional context and governing ideologies of the choral music discipline. The study involved five choral music educators—including the researcher—of various ages, genders, and cultural backgrounds from Winnipeg, Manitoba. This research is grounded in what Beattie (1995) terms the dialectical and collaborative nature of narrative inquiry, but also looks to reflexive inquiry and life history methodologies (Cole & Knowles, 2000), as well as the practice of collective biography (Davies & Gannon, 2006) to shape its methodological framework. As such, autobiographical forms of self-study research are reconceptualized as collaborative self-study. Data collection methods included journal writing, personal in-depth interviews, and participant observation. In particular, regular focus group sessions, which included peer interviewing, played a central role throughout the research process. This forum allowed participants to share their musical life histories and interrogate each others’ narratives, thereby triggering musical memories and exposing the interconnectivity of musical pasts to current professional practice. Data is re-presented in rich narratives which trace the path of each participant’s musical life history in interaction with theory and relevant literature. Numerous themes, sub-themes, tensions, and epiphanal episodes (Denzin, 1994) are illuminated. Moreover, connections between participants’ experiences and resultant ways of knowing are exposed, and we are confronted with “the unexpectedness of universality” (Hofstadter, 2007, p. 242). Thus, our commonessence is revealed. Participant chapters are followed by a postlude featuring the researcher’s personal narratives, an examination of researcher voice, and questions regarding the practice of choral music education that have surfaced through reflexive analysis of the data. This research strives to be a model for personal professional development among choral music educators, and provides a template for future purposeful discussion in the choral discipline.

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to examine the practices of classroom learning communities whose pedagogy in the learning of science and mathematics draws on the sociocultural perspective. This pedagogical framework views learning as a collective process of meaning making situated in cultural contexts. This research thesis illuminates the ways in which communal learning activity is constructed into being in the social interactions of classroom learning communities. Methodologically, this research is concerned with unravelling the dynamics of collaborative learning processes, and with examining how they give rise to the construction of diverse voices during participation in cultural activities. The empirical findings discussed in this thesis are derived from three case studies. Case Study 1 examines the nature of participation processes in science classrooms representing three age levels (Kaartinen & Kumpulainen, 2001). Case Study 2 focuses on the construction of explanations in a collaborative science learning project (Kaartinen & Kumpulainen, 2002). Case Study 3, reported in two articles, investigates the processes and conditions for collaborative reasoning in an elementary classroom context with a special interest in mathematics (Kumpulainen & Kaartinen, 2000, 2003). On the basis of the findings of this thesis, successful collaboration — joint effort towards a joint non-predetermined goal of action — can be said to require the growth of communicative consciousness. This means the ability to approach the problem under question from the point of view of another person and hence conversely, an ability to see one's own position from the point of view of other person. In this thesis, collaborative negotiation processes consisted of diverse interpretations, varying from informal to formal explanations, and from descriptive reasoning to causal reasoning. It seems evident that the traditional approach to teaching does not give students enough tools to elaborate their conceptions. However, the results of this thesis indicate that the collaborative learning situations here described have the power to provide students with opportunities to elaborate their explanations. The results of this thesis highlight the potential of the sociocultural approach to engage students in educational interaction, where diverse voices are able to participate and contribute to the ongoing discussion. The involvement of all students in collaborative discourses also poses challenges to sociocultural pedagogy, calling for educators to recognise and support varied opportunities for participation in educational discourse. The examples presented in this thesis are aimed at providing educators and researchers with lenses through which to examine the sociocultural practices of these classrooms and potentially further develop them. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstutkimukseni tarkoituksena on tutkia sosiokulturaalista pedagogiikkaa soveltavien oppijayhteisöjen käytänteitä matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden luokkahuoneissa. Tämän pedagogisen lähestymistavan mukaan oppiminen nähdään yhteisöllisenä, kulttuurisiin käytänteisiin liittyvänä osallistumis- ja merkityksenantoprosessina. Tutkimus valottaa yhteisöllisten opiskelutilanteiden rakentumista ja realisoitumista tutkimukseen osallistuneiden luokkahuoneiden sosiaalisessa vuorovaikutuksessa. Tässä tutkimuksessa kehitettyjen tutkimusmenetelmien avulla halutaan selvittää yhteistoiminnallisten opiskeluprosessien luonnetta ja sitä, kuinka näiden prosessien avulla voidaan tukea erilaisten lähestymistapojen osallistumista kulttuurisiin toimintoihin. Tutkimuksen empiiriset tulokset ovat peräisin kolmesta eri tapaustutkimuksesta. Ensimmäinen tapaustutkimus (Kaartinen & Kumpulainen, 2001) tarkastelee kolmea eri ikäkautta edustavien luonnontieteiden luokkahuoneiden osallistumisen prosessia. Toinen tapaustutkimus (Kaartinen & Kumpulainen, 2002) keskittyy selitysten rakentumisen tutkimiseen yhteistoiminnallisuutta soveltavassa luonnontieteiden opiskeluprojektissa. Kolmas tapaustutkimus, joka on raportoitu kahdessa eri artikkelissa (Kumpulainen & Kaartinen, 2000, 2003), tutkii yhteistoiminnallisen merkityksenantoprosessin rakentumista ja luonnetta ala-asteen geometrian opetuksessa. Tulosten perusteella kommunikatiivinen tietoisuus on onnistuneen yhteistoiminnallisuuden edellytyksenä matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden opiskelussa. Kommunikatiivinen tietoisuus tässä yhteydessä tarkoittaa kykyä lähestyä tarkasteltavaa ongelmaa toisen osallistujan näkökulmasta ja vastaavasi kääntäen, kykyä nähdä oma asemansa osallistuvan toisen näkökulmasta. Yhteistoiminnallisten selitysten luonteen tutkimus toi esille erilaisia lähestymistapoja akateemiseen tietoon matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden alalla. Tässä tutkimuksessa selitysten rakentuminen koostui erilaisista tulkinnoista ja vaihteli informaalista selittämisestä formaaliin selittämiseen sekä kuvailevasta selittämisestä syy- seuraussuhteita etsivään selittämiseen. Tulokset valottavat sosiokulturaalisen lähestymistavan mahdollisuutta sellaisen kasvatuksellisen vuorovaikutuksen rakentumisessa, joka tukee erilaisten tulkintojen osallistumisen ja vaikuttamisen mahdollisuutta merkityksenantoprosessiin. Haasteen muodostaa sellaisen kasvatuksellisen vuorovaikutuksen rakentaminen, jossa myös hiljaiset oppijat osallistuvat yhteisölliseen merkityksenantoprosessiin. Tutkimuksessa esitettävät empiiriset esimerkit tarjoavat kasvattajille ja tutkijoille välineitä, joiden avulla voidaan tarkastella ja mahdollisesti myös kehittää matematiikan ja luonnontieteiden luokkahuoneiden sosiaalisia käytänteitä.

This qualitative case study addressed the persistent achievement gaps in annual measurable objectives (AMO) data at a public rural elementary school in the Mideast United States. Response to intervention (RTI) data teams from 2010 did not produce expected student gains after 5 years of implementation in the school under study. Based on Mandinach and Jackson's data-driven decision making conceptual framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the work of the RTI data teams as they attempted to improve student learning and close achievement gaps. A purposeful sample of 13 staff members involved in the RTI implementation process was interviewed. In addition, the RTI data team and student documentation were content analyzed for process and outcomes. Open coping and thematic data analysis of the interview transcripts revealed themes of fidelity, consistency, professional development, and data use in isolation. Findings suggested that the RTI teams lack sufficient time, professional development, and the capacity to address student learning gaps adequately. As an outcome, a guiding model for designing, implementing, and evaluating ongoing blended professional development was proposed. The intent of the project is to eliminate implementation barriers and establish effective data-driven decision making practices that improve instructional practice and student learning. This study has could assist educators in their efforts to implement RTI and build organizational capacity for data-driven decision making to address persistent achievement gaps effectively.

No description available.