A crítica da cidade colonial foi um dos principais temas nas discussões e justificativas para as reformas e melhoramentos por que passaram muitas cidades na virada para o século XX. Desde aquelas mais importantes administrativa e economicamente nos três primeiros séculos de colonização, como o Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Recife, até as que pouca relevância tinham na incipiente rede urbana do período colonial, como Natal, a crítica repetiu-se, homogeneamente à primeira vista, nas várias cidades em transformação, independente das particularidades das várias estruturas urbanas e da maior ou menor irregularidade dos seus traçados. Para além da questão sobre a existência ou não de planejamento por parte do colonizador português, esta tese discute como se formaram as representações sobre a cidade colonial no Brasil. Nas trilhas dessa imagem construída amiúde em negativo, aborda-se: a leitura empreendida pelos viajantes estrangeiros no início do século XIX, com ênfase no livro de Henry Koster, Travels in Brazil (1816); a problematização e instrumentalização do tema em meio às formulações higienista e sanitarista sobre a necessidade de reformar e modernizar o espaço urbano ao longo do século XIX; da mesma maneira, no processo de formação do campo disciplinar do urbanismo no Brasil na virada para o século XX; e, a apropriação do tema na constituição da historiografia sobre a arquitetura brasileira. Por fim, tecem-se algumas considerações sobre o texto que seria tomado como o momento fundante dessa representação: o capítulo \"O semeador e o ladrilhador\", de Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. / The critique of the colonial city was one of the most usual themes on the discussion and justification of reforms and improvement plans targeted at several Brazilian cities in the turn to the twentieth century. The critique was reiterated in a virtually homogeneous fashion all over Brazil, regardless of the specific urban characteristics in each settlement, whether it was being applied to cities that concentrated great administrative and economic importance during the colonial times, such as Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, or to those that carried little relevance in the colony\'s fledgling urban network, such as Natal. Beyond the issue of whether the Portuguese colonizers were \"planning\" settlements, this thesis discusses how representations on Brazilian colonial cities came to be. As the development of this generally negative image is tracked down, this work explores the images of Brazilian cities forged by foreigner travelers, focusing on Travels in Brazil (1816), by Henry Koster; the theme\'s problematization by physicians and sanitary and polytechnic engineers, for whom the theme of colonial city was instrumental to demand for the urban reforms and modernization they sought over the nineteenth century; the appropriation of this theme during the process of formation of urbanism as a discipline; and in the many texts and books that delineated modern historiography on Brazilian architecture. Finally, some considerations are made on the text that could be considered the foundation for these representations: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda\'s \"O semeador e o ladrilhador\", a chapter from his 1936 work, \"Raízes do Brasil\".

A crítica da cidade colonial foi um dos principais temas nas discussões e justificativas para as reformas e melhoramentos por que passaram muitas cidades na virada para o século XX. Desde aquelas mais importantes administrativa e economicamente nos três primeiros séculos de colonização, como o Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Recife, até as que pouca relevância tinham na incipiente rede urbana do período colonial, como Natal, a crítica repetiu-se, homogeneamente à primeira vista, nas várias cidades em transformação, independente das particularidades das várias estruturas urbanas e da maior ou menor irregularidade dos seus traçados. Para além da questão sobre a existência ou não de planejamento por parte do colonizador português, esta tese discute como se formaram as representações sobre a cidade colonial no Brasil. Nas trilhas dessa imagem construída amiúde em negativo, aborda-se: a leitura empreendida pelos viajantes estrangeiros no início do século XIX, com ênfase no livro de Henry Koster, Travels in Brazil (1816); a problematização e instrumentalização do tema em meio às formulações higienista e sanitarista sobre a necessidade de reformar e modernizar o espaço urbano ao longo do século XIX; da mesma maneira, no processo de formação do campo disciplinar do urbanismo no Brasil na virada para o século XX; e, a apropriação do tema na constituição da historiografia sobre a arquitetura brasileira. Por fim, tecem-se algumas considerações sobre o texto que seria tomado como o momento fundante dessa representação: o capítulo \"O semeador e o ladrilhador\", de Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. / The critique of the colonial city was one of the most usual themes on the discussion and justification of reforms and improvement plans targeted at several Brazilian cities in the turn to the twentieth century. The critique was reiterated in a virtually homogeneous fashion all over Brazil, regardless of the specific urban characteristics in each settlement, whether it was being applied to cities that concentrated great administrative and economic importance during the colonial times, such as Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, or to those that carried little relevance in the colony\'s fledgling urban network, such as Natal. Beyond the issue of whether the Portuguese colonizers were \"planning\" settlements, this thesis discusses how representations on Brazilian colonial cities came to be. As the development of this generally negative image is tracked down, this work explores the images of Brazilian cities forged by foreigner travelers, focusing on Travels in Brazil (1816), by Henry Koster; the theme\'s problematization by physicians and sanitary and polytechnic engineers, for whom the theme of colonial city was instrumental to demand for the urban reforms and modernization they sought over the nineteenth century; the appropriation of this theme during the process of formation of urbanism as a discipline; and in the many texts and books that delineated modern historiography on Brazilian architecture. Finally, some considerations are made on the text that could be considered the foundation for these representations: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda\'s \"O semeador e o ladrilhador\", a chapter from his 1936 work, \"Raízes do Brasil\".

The city of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is still influenced by its colonial structure. This is particularly apparent in the former 'European quarter' Oyster Bay and its perception by the inhabitants of other parts of the city. On the basis of aerial photographs and interviews with people who lived in the city under British colonial rule as well as younger inhabitants this study analyses the extent to which Oyster Bay can be seen as 'heterotopia' in Foucault's sense. The focus is upon the social function of Oyster Bay as an 'other place' for the rest of the city.

No description available.

No processo de patrimonialização vertical e excludente de Ouro Preto - que perpassa do tombamento, em 1933 ao título de Cidade Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, em 1980 -, conflitos entre a comunidade e os órgãos reguladores do patrimônio símbolo nacional se materializam nas modalidades cotidianas de apropriação do território. A abordagem dialética das contradições socioterritoriais encontra na hermenêutica dialógico-reflexiva do patrimônio o esteio para a proposição da metodologia de percursos sensoriais interpretativos. No âmbito deste doutoramento, sua avaliação crítica acena para a compreensão do universo simbólico, histórica e socialmente produzido, na perspectiva de construção de práxis emancipadoras, do refazimento do exercício íntegro e integrado da cidadania e do empoderamento sociocultural. A partir da análise das relações objetivadas no centro histórico, descortinam-se os movimentos de totalização urbana, no entendimento da realidade local e global, do particular e universal, do horizontal e vertical / In the vertical and excludent heritagisation process of Ouro Preto - whitch takes place since its federal conservation law in 1933 until the title of Cultural Heritage City of the Humanity in 1980 - conflicts between the community and the regulatory organs of the national heritage symbol are materialized in the daily modes of territory appropriation. The dialectical approach of socio-territorial contradictions finds in the dialogical-reflective hermeneutics of the heritage the bases for the proposition of the sensory interpretative pathways methodology. Within this thesis, its critical evaluation signals for understanding the historical and socially produced symbolic universe, in the construction perspective of emancipatory praxis, of the repair of the integrated exercise of citizenship and of the socio-cultural empowerment. From the analysis of the relations objectified at the historical center, the movements of urbane totalisation are unveiled, towards the understanding of the local and global reality, of the particular and universal, of the horizontal and vertical

No processo de patrimonialização vertical e excludente de Ouro Preto - que perpassa do tombamento, em 1933 ao título de Cidade Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, em 1980 -, conflitos entre a comunidade e os órgãos reguladores do patrimônio símbolo nacional se materializam nas modalidades cotidianas de apropriação do território. A abordagem dialética das contradições socioterritoriais encontra na hermenêutica dialógico-reflexiva do patrimônio o esteio para a proposição da metodologia de percursos sensoriais interpretativos. No âmbito deste doutoramento, sua avaliação crítica acena para a compreensão do universo simbólico, histórica e socialmente produzido, na perspectiva de construção de práxis emancipadoras, do refazimento do exercício íntegro e integrado da cidadania e do empoderamento sociocultural. A partir da análise das relações objetivadas no centro histórico, descortinam-se os movimentos de totalização urbana, no entendimento da realidade local e global, do particular e universal, do horizontal e vertical / In the vertical and excludent heritagisation process of Ouro Preto - whitch takes place since its federal conservation law in 1933 until the title of Cultural Heritage City of the Humanity in 1980 - conflicts between the community and the regulatory organs of the national heritage symbol are materialized in the daily modes of territory appropriation. The dialectical approach of socio-territorial contradictions finds in the dialogical-reflective hermeneutics of the heritage the bases for the proposition of the sensory interpretative pathways methodology. Within this thesis, its critical evaluation signals for understanding the historical and socially produced symbolic universe, in the construction perspective of emancipatory praxis, of the repair of the integrated exercise of citizenship and of the socio-cultural empowerment. From the analysis of the relations objectified at the historical center, the movements of urbane totalisation are unveiled, towards the understanding of the local and global reality, of the particular and universal, of the horizontal and vertical

L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière l'histoire coloniale de l'Empire portugais à partir de l'étude des rapports de pouvoir dans les mines et la Capitainerie du Goiás, pendant le XVIIIe et le XIXe siècle. Dans un monde basé sur l´économie d´exploitation de l´or et la traite des noirs africains, dont les diversités rendent difficiles l'imposition de l'autorité fondée dans des modèles européens, le Senado da Camara, en tant qu´extrémité tentaculaire de l´État colonial et fil conducteur du projet politique de Lisbonne, constitue le point central de notre analyse. En fonction du rôle des élites locales vis-à-vis de l´administration des structures urbaines, c´est la géographie politique de la ville qui sera mise en perspective. Dans l´espace urbain colonial, l´exemple de Goiás met en relief les liens entre le politique et la ville et dévoile la ville comme espace de prédilection du politique. Dans ce contexte, l'histoire politique devient une histoire du pouvoir. Il s´agit de savoir, au niveau de la ville coloniale, comment se constitua, se manifesta et s´exerça le pouvoir de la Couronne, mais aussi quelles sont leurs bases de légitimation. Une attention particulière sera portée à une approche dynamique des différentes temporalités perçues comme le produit des constructions sociales confortant le pouvoir des uns sur les autres, révélant ainsi les faiblesses et les antagonismes dans le champ disputé du politique. Cette étude portera donc sur la reconstitution de certains des éléments qui donnent du sens à l´expansion de l'Empire portugais et à la construction d'un réseau de pouvoir politique dans la région centrale du Brésil. / The aim of this thesis is to highlight the colonial history of the Portuguese Empire by the analysis of the force´s and power´s relationships in the mines and captaincy of Goiás during the 18th and 19th centuries. In a world based on gold exploring economies and in African slave’s trades, where the diversity makes difficult to impose authority as it was in European models, the Senado da Camara, as an arm´s extremity of the colonial´s state and the guiding principal of the Lisbon´s political project, is the main point of our analysis. Based on the role of the local elites related to the administration of urban´s structures, we will put in perspective the geography politics. In the vast colonial urban space, Goiás history can explain the links between politics and the city and it can reveals the city as a major space for the politics. In this context, political history becomes a history of power. We want to know, in the level of the Colonial city, how power is constituted, manifested and how it uses the power of the Crown and also what are their bases of legitimation. We will give particular attention to a dynamic approach of different temporalities seen as a product of social constructions which provides power from ones to anothers, revealing the weaknesses and antagonisms in the disputed field of politics. This study proposes to reconstruct some elements that give sense to the expansion of the Portuguese empire and to the building of political power network in the central of Brazil.

Cette thèse tente d'étudier la structure sociale des villes coloniales en Indochine française. Il s'agit d'une étude sur l'histoire de l'influence de la colonisation sur la société et les habitants urbains au Viêtnam, en prenant principalement le cas de Hanoi et Haiphong dans la première moitié du XXe siècle.Aprés avoir bien examiné la méthode, la politique et l'organisation de la colonisation de l'Indochine, nous mettons d'abord les questions comme suit : comment les villes de Hanoi et Haiphong ont-elles été construites ? ; À quels problèmes ont-elles fait face dans les processus de sa formation et son développement ? Ensuite, nous avons jeté un regard sur les habitants à la ville coloniale de Hanoi en remarquant la répartition géographique et démographique des professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles (PCS), notamment des petits commerçants-artisans. Les cadres indochinois auraient peut-être mieux exploités surtout en ce qui concerne le salaire et niveau de vie à la veille de l'indépendance.De cela, on pourra relever certaines caractéristiques de la structure sociale et de la stratification sociale de la ville coloniale de Hanoi. À ce propos, nous analysons le mouvement social dans le contexte mondial de la crise économique après 1930 et l'application du réglementation général du travail en Indochine de 1936, en mettant en scène une grève des ouvriers déclenchée à Hanoi en 1937, qui a permis d'exécuter la politique sociale au même niveau que la métropole. En conclusion, cette grève "légale" a eu pour résultat une création de « nouveaux réseaux sociaux indigènes » en regroupant les patrons et les ouvriers par même profession au Nord-Viêtnam. / This Thesis examines the social structure of colonial cities in French Indochina, which means that it aimes to reveal link between the colonial system and the colonial society. But we're talking about a study of history of the influence of colonization on society and urban inhabitants in Vietnam. Therefor it will take the case of Hanoi and Haiphong during the first half of the twentieth century.After examining method, policy and organization of the Indochinese colonization, we ask some questions as follows : how Hanoi was built ; what problem this city was faced with in the process of its formation and development. This subject will be treated from a comparative perspective with one of the most principal city in Vietnam : Haiphong.Then, we are intersted in the inhabitants of colonial city Hanoi pointing out the geographic distribution of "professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles" (PCS : professions and social-occupational categories). The best part of this research is characterized by demography of new PCS, especially of small marchants and craftmen.From such approach, we extract some caracteristics of social structure and social stratification of colonial city Hanoi. In this connection, we analyze, moreover, social movement in the worldwide contexte of economic crisis after 1930 and application of labour law of Indochina in 1936, directing labour strike broke out at Hanoi in 1937, only which allowed exercise the social policy at the same level as metropolitain France. In conclusion, this "legal" strike had the effect of creating « a new indigenous social network » grouping management and workers into same professions in North-Vietnam.

À la croisée de l’histoire coloniale et de l’histoire de l’immigration en France, cette thèse se propose d’aborder sous un angle neuf le rôle des Italiens dans la colonisation et le peuplement des villes du littoral oriental de l’Algérie à travers le cas de Bône (Annaba). Elle s’appuie sur un corpus de sources récoltées en France (Paris, Aix-en-Provence, Toulon, Marseille), en Italie (Rome, Pouilles, Sardaigne) et en Algérie (Annaba, Constantine). Un premier axe est consacré à l’étude des politiques migratoires mises en place des deux côtés de la Méditerranée au cours du XIXe siècle pour réguler et contrôler les circulations croissantes entre l’Italie et l’Algérie. Un second s’articule autour des modalités d’installation des Italiens à Bône. Par le biais d’une étude socio-quantitative, les spécificités de l’installation et de l’intégration des étrangers sont étudiées dans un cadre urbain et colonial. Le troisième volet porte sur la place des Italiens dans la société coloniale algérienne de l’entre-deux-guerres. Il permet de resituer l’Algérie dans la politique africaine de l’Italie libérale et fasciste, et plus largement dans les rapports franco-italiens au Maghreb. / At the cross-road of the colonial history and immigration history in France, this PHD thesis proposes to address under a new angle the role of the Italians in the colonisation and settlement of the cities of Algerian western coastline, through the case of Annaba. It is based on a corpus of sources gathered in France (Paris, Aix-en-Provence, Toulon, Marseille), Italy (Rome, Puglia, Sardinia) and Algeria (Annaba, Constantine). A first axis is dedicated to the study of migration policies adopted in both sides of the Mediterranean Sea during the 19th century, which aimed at regulating and controlling the growing circulation between Italy and Algeria. The second axis deals with the modalities of settlement of Italians in Annaba. Through a socio-quantitative study, the specificities of the settlement and integration of foreigners are studied from an urban and colonial perspective. The third axis addresses the status of the Italians in the Algerian colonial society of the inter-war period. It enables to place back Algeria in the African policy of the liberal and fascist Italy, and furthermore in the relationships between Italy and France in Maghreb.

Le centre colonial de la métropole antique de Constantine : évolution des politiques et des pratiques urbaines depuis l'ère coloniale. L'urbanisation des villes algériennes est liée à la trilogie classique suivante : une croissance démographique rapide, une extension spatiale démesurée et une dynamique fonctionnelle incohérente. Cette dynamique urbaine se traduit par des irrégularités spatiales. Les différents instruments d'urbanisme et de gestion urbaine demeurent obsolètes en raison des écarts existants entre les politiques urbaines adoptées et les pratiques spatiales. La structure urbaine de la métropole de Constantine suscite les réflexions suivantes. Depuis la période coloniale, cette métropole a hérité d'un centre urbain polyfonctionnel greffé à la ville arabo-musulmane, la médina. Le centre colonial actif a connu au cours des dernières décennies de profondes mutations liées principalement à une dynamique urbaine, concrétisée par la prolifération de pôles périurbains qui sont tantôt concurrentiels tantôt complémentaires du centre colonial. De cette dynamique fonctionnelle résulte une nouvelle forme d'organisation spatiale et une centralité originale. Une analyse spatiale succincte révèle que la métropole de Constantine est structurée selon une mosaïque de zonages dont chacun correspond à une période déterminée et obéit à une politique urbaine spécifique engageant des pratiques distinctes. La structuration actuelle des espaces centraux de la métropole constantinoise, particulièrement le centre colonial, témoigne des incohérences entre les différentes politiques adoptées combinées aux acteurs sociaux et politiques. Ces considérations nécessitent une réflexion globale afin de coordonner les différents acteurs et praticiens de l'espace métropolitain. Les citadins ainsi que les différentes associations constantinoises sont rarement impliqués par les décideurs dans la réalisation d'opérations d'aménagement urbain. Toutes les décisions d'aménagement relèvent des autorités locales (communes) et régionales (wilaya). Le cheminement de notre recherche est axé selon trois grandes parties : L'évolution de la métropole et la centralité urbaine à Constantine La réglementation et les politiques d'aménagement adoptées La centralité urbaine : pratiques, mutations et perspectives. / The urbanization of Algerian cities is related to the classic trilogy follows: rapid population growth, a spatial extension disproportionate and inconsistent functional dynamics. This results in dynamic urban spatial irregularities. Different planning instruments and urban management remain outdated because of gaps between urban policies adopted and spatial practices. The urban structure of the city of Constantine raises the following reflections. Since the colonial period, the city has inherited a multifunctional urban grafted to the Arab-Muslim city, the medina. The colonial center assets has been in recent decades profound changes mainly related to urban dynamics, reflected in the proliferation of suburban centers which are sometimes complementary and sometimes competing colonial center. Functional dynamics of this result is a new form of spatial organization and centrality original. Spatial analysis shows that brief metropolis Constantine is structured with a mosaic zoning, each corresponding to a specific period and follows a specific urban policy involving distinct practices. The current structure of the central areas of the city of Constantine, especially the colonial center, demonstrates inconsistencies between policies combined with social and political actors. These considerations require a global approach to coordinate the various actors and practitioners in the metropolitan area. The urban as well as various associations of Constantine are rarely involved by decision makers in achieving urban development operations. All management decisions are local authorities (municipalities) and regional (wilaya). The progress of our research is focused in three main parts: The evolution of the metropolis and urban centrality in Constantine Regulations and planning policies adopted Urban centrality: practices and perspectives mutations.