Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-05T17:51:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Gláucia Dourado Furquim - 2017.pdf: 1359324 bytes, checksum: f847a34b7aa19cc347c84367789f93b7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T15:53:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Gláucia Dourado Furquim - 2017.pdf: 1359324 bytes, checksum: f847a34b7aa19cc347c84367789f93b7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T15:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Gláucia Dourado Furquim - 2017.pdf: 1359324 bytes, checksum: f847a34b7aa19cc347c84367789f93b7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-01 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The water availability to different user sectors and ecosystems, ensuring the quality, quantity and perpetuity of this resource for future generations, has been one of the challenges of public management, particularly in the sphere of River Basins committees. The present study is about the effectiveness of the institution of a fee, to be charged by the water use in the Paranaíba River Basin, with a forecast of charging from 2017. An exploratory and descriptive research was carried out to get information about the reality of irrigated agriculture in the county of Cristalina GO, which stands out nationally for having the largest area irrigated by central pivot of Latin America. Through the linear programming method, alternative scenarios were elaborated to the current configuration of land use by irrigated agriculture, resulting from the different collection values to be instituted gradually, starting in 2017, modeling the function/goal as a result of the maximum financial return given the restrictions on water availability and agricultural area. The results indicate that the fee will not imply a significant reduction of the total income of the irrigating producer to the point of instigating changes in the areas or cultures currently cultivated, however, the collected values are presented as a source of investments for the recovery/conservation of the water bodies of the basin itself . / A disponibilidade da água para diferentes setores, usuários e ecossistemas, assegurando a qualidade, a quantidade e a perpetuidade desse recurso para as futuras gerações, tem sido um dos desafios da gestão pública, particularmente nas esferas dos comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas. O presente estudo versa sobre a efetividade da instituição da cobrança pelo uso da água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Paranaíba, com previsão de início a partir de 2017. Uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva foi realizada para obter informações acerca da realidade da agricultura irrigada no município de Cristalina-GO, que se destaca nacionalmente por possuir a maior área irrigada por pivô central da América Latina. Por meio do método de programação linear, foram elaborados cenários alternativos à configuração atual de uso do solo pela agricultura irrigada, decorrentes dos diferentes valores de cobrança a serem instituídos gradualmente, a partir de 2017, modelando a função/objetivo como resultante do máximo retorno financeiro, dadas as restrições de disponibilidades hídrica e de área agrícola. Os resultados apontam que a cobrança não implicará em redução significativa da receita total do produtor irrigante a ponto de instigar mudanças nas áreas ou culturas atualmente cultivadas. Todavia, os valores arrecadados se apresentam como fonte de investimento para a recuperação/conservação dos corpos hídricos da própria bacia.

Os projetos de colonização da Amazônia Central durante as décadas de 1970-80 geraram um intenso fluxo migratório a esta região. A consolidação de assentamentos rurais foi seguida pelo desenvolvimento de regimes extensivos de apropriação e exploração dos recursos naturais. O Projeto de Assentamento Rio Juma (PA Juma) no município de Apuí, instituído em 1982, foi o maior assentamento criado na América Latina naquela época e constitui-se atualmente em uma das principais frentes do desmatamento na Amazônia. No entanto, a chegada de organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) em 2008 desafiou o panorama do campo políticoambiental de Apuí, à medida que uma coalizão ambientalista começou a ser articulada para promover um regime “sustentável” de apropriação e exploração dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido, o nosso objetivo nesta dissertação é compreender as dinâmicas de engajamento envolvendo a formação dessa coalizão. Para tanto, foram feitas 45 entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários com parceleiros, agentes das ONGs, agentes financeiros e públicos, uma análise estatística de nove arquivos de dados quantitativos, três momentos de observação participante referente a episódios de mediação entre agentes das e parceleiros, três momentos de observação sistemática referente às reuniões de diferentes associações civis e a análise documental de 13 documentos referentes aos projetos e iniciativas das ONGs. Como principal resultado, temos que as linhas gerais de atuação dessas organizações passaram por um processo de “culturalização” às instituições regulatórias, normativas e culturaiscognitivas que constituem a realidade social onde atuam, fato que permitiu o reconhecimento, a identificação e a participação dos atores locais na proposta “sustentável”. Observamos como os enquadramentos da “descommoditização”, da “capitalização” e do “avanço técnico-científico” constroem uma matriz de múltiplas representações possíveis da proposta “sustentável”. No entanto, as dinâmicas de formação da coalizão ambientalista se demonstraram dependentes não somente da ação estratégica das ONGs para a produção de engajamento, mas também de crises em campos externos ao campo políticoambiental. Estes resultados nos demonstram a necessidade de uma análise sistêmica nos próximos estudos sobre a formação de grupos para reinstitucionalização de campos. / The colonization projects for the Central Amazon during the 70’s and the 80’s generated an intense migratory flux to this region. The establishment of rural settlements was followed by the development of extensive regimes of natural resources appropriation and exploitation. The Projeto de Assentamento Rio Juma (PA Juma) in the city of Apuí, institutionalized in 1982, was the biggest rural settlement created in Latin America in that time and is nowadays one of the main deforestation spots in the Amazon. However, the arriving of non-governmental organizations in 2008 defied the panorama of the “field of environmental politics of Apuí”, since an “environmentalist coalition” began to be articulated in order to promote a “sustainable” regime of natural resources appropriation. Therefore, our goal in this thesis is to comprehend the dynamics of engagement involving the coalition formation in the mentioned field. In this sense, we developed 45 semistructured interviews and questionnaires with rural producers, NGOs’ activists, financial and public agents, a statistical analysis of nine files of quantitative data, three episodes of participant observation of moments of mediation between activists and rural producers, three episodes of systematic observation of civic associations’ meetings, and a documental analysis of 13 documents regarding NGOs’ projects and initiatives. As a main result, we have that the general lines of action of these organizations went through a process of “culturalization” to the regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions that constitute the social reality where they operate, a fact that allowed the recognition, identification and participation of local actors in the “sustainable” proposal. We observe how the frames of “decommoditization”, “capitalization” and “technicalscientific advance” built a matrix of multiple possible representations of the “sustainable” proposal. However, the formation dynamics of the environmentalist coalition were dependent not only on the strategic action of NGOs for the production of engagement but also on crises in fields outside of the field of environmental politics of Apuí. These findings demonstrate to us the necessity of a systemic analysis in future studies on the formation of groups for the reinstitutionalization of fields.

L'agriculture fait face à une crise environnementale qui rend nécessaire la prise en compte du fonctionnement des « écosystèmes ». Mais ce concept de l'écologie donne peu de prise à l'action dans le secteur agricole. Les champs de littérature sur les « biens communs » et sur les « services écosystémiques », qui traitent de la gestion des écosystèmes, ont été abondamment développés et relayés par les politiques publiques. La thèse montre qu'ils cristallisent souvent les conflits entre les objectifs agricoles et les préoccupations écologiques sans pour autant permettre l'exploration de nouveaux systèmes agricoles.Notre thèse en sciences de gestion met en évidence qu'un nouvel enjeu pour la recherche scientifique est d'apprendre à piloter les régulations écologiques au sein des agro-écosystèmes de manière à rendre l'agriculture durable. Elle cherche à définir les modalités d'une démarche de conception des agro-écosystèmes : peuvent-ils faire l'objet de démarches de conception innovantes ? Quelles sont les méthodes pour les concevoir ? Et quels sont les modes de gouvernance appropriés ?L'analyse historique des raisonnements scientifiques en agronomie et en écologie met en évidence les raisons qui rendent difficiles aujourd'hui la conception des agro-écosystèmes, malgré les connaissances de plus en plus fines sur les régulations écologiques. La thèse modélise une classe d'objets particuliers, les « fonds écologiques », que les scientifiques introduisent pour aborder les agro-écosystèmes en s'affranchissant des seuls schémas connus. Elle montre l'intérêt de ne pas considérer les fonds écologiques comme des biens communs mais comme des « inconnus communs ». Le modèle proposé, testé sur un archétype de la production intensive en région céréalière, permet d'élaborer une méthode de conception collective et innovante des agro-écosystèmes. / Agriculture is facing an environmental crisis that makes it necessary to take into account the “ecosystem” functioning. But this concept of ecology is difficult to handle in the agricultural sector. Fields of literature on the "commons" and the "ecosystem services", which deal with the management of ecosystems, have been extensively developed and relayed by public policy. The thesis shows that they often freeze the conflict between agricultural objectives and environmental concerns without allowing the exploration of new farming systems.Our thesis in management science highlights the fact that a new challenge for scientific research is to learn to manage environmental regulations within agro-ecosystems in order to make agriculture sustainable. It aims to define a design approach of agro-ecosystems: can innovative design be applied to them? What are the methods to design agro-ecosystems? And what are the appropriate modes of governance?The historical analysis of scientific reasoning in agronomy and ecology highlights the reasons why the design of agro-ecosystems remains so difficult, despite finer knowledge on environmental regulations. The thesis models a particular class of objects, the “ecological fund” that scientists introduced to deal with agro-ecosystems while escaping the already known patterns. It shows the importance of considering the ecological funds not as common goods but as "common unknowns”. The proposed model, tested on an archetype of an intensive cereal production area, makes it possible to develop a method of collective and innovative design of agro-ecosystems.

Ce travail de recherche, en sciences de l'information et de la communication, s'intéresse à un secteur peu étudié par les SIC : l’économie sociale et solidaire. Il vise, d'une part, à identifier les problèmes de communication des acteurs de l'ESS et, d'autre part, à explorer les solutions déployées pour répondre à ces problèmes. Pour mener cette analyse, nous avons d'abord, construit un cadre théorique spécifique articulant les travaux d’ E.Morin, J.Habermas, E.Ostrom et J-L. Laville. Puis nous avons successivement déployé trois méthodes : une observation participante dans un atelier international consacré à la communication de l'ESS, une série d'entretiens semi-directifs auprès de différents acteurs (initiatives solidaires, journalistes, responsables administratifs, etc.), puis une étude de cas élargie conduite auprès du Parlement Européen. Ce cadre théorique et ces différentes méthodes nous ont permis de mettre en évidence les problèmes communicationnels récurrents de l'ESS (terminologie difficile d’accès, hétérogénéité peu lisible, transversalité peu développée, etc.) et de voir comment différentes pratiques économiques innovantes (PTCE, entreprises récupérées, SCIC, etc.) permettaient de remédier, en partie, à ces problèmes. Au final, il ressort de notre travail que les pratiques de l’économie collaborative, qui s’enracinent historiquement dans l’ESS, semblent apporter une solution communicationnelle efficace aux problèmes identifiés et que l’ESS est en capacité d’assurer la durabilité, selon la grille de lecture d’Ostrom sur la gouvernance des biens communs, des formes d’organisations de cette nouvelle économie. / The following research work on Information and Communication Sciences, focuses on a fieldunderstudied by this scientific discipline, the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). It aims to identifyon one hand the communication issues among the SSE stakeholders, and to explore their relatedsolutions on the other hand. This analysis has been first based on a theoretical framework articulatingthe work of Morin, Habermas, Ostrom, and Laville. Then, three methods have then been successivelyemployed: a participative observation during an international workshop treating of all aspects of SSEcommunication; a series of semi-directive interviews with various key actors (from the solidarityinitiatives, some journalists, administrative heads, etc.), and finally an enlarged case study conductedwithin the European Parliament. This methodology allowed us to determine the recurrentcommunication issues encountered within the SSE (difficult access to its terminology, unclearheterogeneity, low-developed transversality, etc.) as well as to assess how different innovativeeconomical practices (such as PTCE, recovered enterprises, SCIC, etc.) could potentially overcomethese challenges. In conclusion, it appears from this work that the practices linked to the collaborativeeconomy, which are historically rooted within SSE, can bring an effective solution on thecommunicative level. Furthermore, and according to the new Ostrom reading greed related to thecommon goods governance, the SSE seems to be able to ensure the sustainable development of this newform of economy

The long-lasting European crisis induces the opponents of financial rigor to invoke growth policies. But an endless economic growth is definitely impossible. It is necessary to invest on the rediscovery of an authentic social humanism. / La larga crisis en Europa induce a los opositores del rigor financiero a invocar políticas de crecimiento. Sin embargo, un crecimiento económico es imposible. Es necesario apuntar hacia el redescubrimiento de un auténtico humanismo social.

The thesis aims to familiarize readers with the basic concepts of environmental migration at such a pace as to enable discussion and reflection on the subject. The first chapter is introductory and defines basic concepts such as migration, environmental migration, refugee. The second chapter deals with environmental migration. Environmental migration is nothing new. Natural and human-induced disasters have been the cause of migration in the past and are likely to be the cause of migration. The third chapter deals with legislation on environmental migration. It examines refugee law, human rights law, or international humanitarian law. It points out that the existing legislation is not sufficiently developed. So far, there is no legally recognized definition of an environmental migrant. The fourth chapter looks at migration as a moral question, primarily in the optics of the social doctrine of the Church, the universal determination of goods, solidarity, and the direction towards the integral good. The fifth chapter deals with the little discussed or neglected ethical issues associated with migration. The last chapter is devoted to possible suggestions and solutions to environmental migration. It describes the most common proposals such as broadening refugee definition, enhancing disaster protection...

Consciousness about the need for a more sustainable consumption and production patterns, as well as the will to cope with issues such as social exclusion and poverty, rose in the last decades. To answer such problems, new forms of social ventures have emerged on markets, including under the legal form of corporations. Social corporations are fully-fledged limited companies that officially commit themselves to a social mission by including the latter in their bylaws. Through their commercial activities, these new forms of social ventures target a specific social outcome. Either the whole population or a targeted group can benefit from this outcome. Thus, social corporations aim to pursue the common good. Entitled “Social Ventures and the Commons”, this doctoral dissertation aims to understand how new alternative profit-seeking business models, such as social corporations, can manage and contribute to the governance of common goods. With her seminal work, Elinor Ostrom widened the path for scholars to study the commons. Ever since, the academic world has extensively relied on her eight design principles when researching commons, allowing for a varied literature on the topic and the emergence of a paradigm in recent years; however, features of this paradigm are still fuzzy as different views and concepts of commons exist. While Ostrom conducted her research on the governance of traditional commons mainly, i.e. local natural resources collectively managed, the emergence of new concepts calls for a better of their governance mechanisms. Amongst the different concepts of commons existing, new commons have recently emerged. New commons are resources that have newly been recognized as commons. They derive from the principle of “commoning”: they are shared resources collectively organized and managed and can take the form of human-made commons, like culture, knowledge or urban spaces. They can be created both by humans and/or by organizations that are managed collectively. The first chapter of the dissertation, in the form of a conceptual paper, sheds light on the capacity of new alternative profit-seeking business models to govern new commons; a topic left out by scholars so far. It states under which conditions such unconventional forms of market-oriented organizations can contribute to the governance of commons and thus become commons-governing companies. Theoretical management principles applicable in the context of commons-governing companies are proposed and guide them to implement collective action through co-management with external and/or internal stakeholders. The second chapter of the dissertation presents an original global typology of social corporations that distinguishes between three generic types according to their legal structure and underlying motivation to integrate a social mission into their bylaws. It identifies four core social corporation governance elements: voting rights implementation, profit distribution, property regime, and ownership structure. Additionally, the typology is complemented with a multiple case study of three social corporations (one per generic type). The case study focuses on the five governance capabilities that social corporations develop to be sustainable in the long run, and that relate to the three main pillars of performance, conformance, and responsibility. The third and last chapter of the thesis aims to comprehend the governance mechanisms developed by social corporations governing new commons. To do so, it draws from the community-based enterprise theory and the theory of the commons. I use qualitative data used collected within three community-based enterprises governing commons, and that adopt a social corporation legal form, in the United Kingdom. These organizations vary by date of creation, size, location, legal form, and types of new commons they contribute to. Findings show that these ventures design a triple-levelled goal governance to (1) manage the organization, (2) govern the commons, and (3) foster social good in the community. This doctoral dissertation primarily aims to contribute to the field of entrepreneurship. First, it contributes to social entrepreneurship by embracing the growing phenomenon of profit-seeking social ventures and provides with a better comprehension of their governance mechanisms, also when governing commons. Second, it sustains the development and understanding of the newly recognized entrepreneurship theory of commons. It does so by understanding how privately-held profit-seeking social ventures – social corporations – contribute to the provision of commons and become commons-governing companies. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Faced with the exclusion promoted by the conventional financial system (public and private banks) due to the criteria of selectivity, guarantees required and margins of financial return pursued by these institutions, a large part of the Brazilian population does not have access to banking services. They are people living in extreme poverty, especially those living in communities far from the urban centers of Brazilian cities. For this part of the population, alternatives have recently appeared that try to democratize access to financial resources, which are treated as a common good, that is, of collective use, especially for small-scale economic units, using innovations by a multiplicity of institutional arrangements and new governance mechanisms such as innovations in the field of solidarity finance, in particular the Community Development Banks (DCBs). From this context, the present study sought to understand the nature of innovation and the challenges raised in the management of solidarity finance services, carried out through Community Banks as a modality of a common good. To achieve this objective, a single case study was carried out at the Cocais Community Bank, located in the municipality of São João do Arraial, in the state of Piauí. This study has a qualitative character, with a descriptive and exploratory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation, and were analyzed through narrative. The Cocais bank was built by its own users, in order to solve the problem of lack of access to financial services in the municipality, especially for the part of the population excluded from the conventional banking system, having as mechanisms of access the social utility of these services, in particular solidarity credit, respecting the socio-cultural characteristics of the territory belonging to its users, defining it as a social innovation. Challenges related to: (a) the process of constructing the initiative, conflicts related to political issues in the territory, challenges regarding acceptance of the social currency, limiting the credit fund, and the demobilization of the population in relation to the management of the bank. These challenges express the complexity of resource management in common use. / Diante da exclusão promovida pelo sistema financeiro convencional (bancos públicos e privados) devido aos critérios de seletividade, garantias exigidas e margens de retorno financeiro perseguido por essas instituições, grande parcela da população brasileira não dispõe de acesso aos serviços bancários. São pessoas que vivem em situação de extrema pobreza, principalmente as que moram em comunidades distantes dos centros urbanos das cidades brasileiras. Para essa parcela da população, recentemente, tem surgido alternativas que tentam democratizar o acesso aos recursos financeiros, que passam a ser tratados como bem comum, ou seja, de uso coletivo, especialmente para unidades econômicas de pequena monta, utilizando-se de inovações constituídas por uma multiplicidade de arranjos institucionais e novos mecanismos de governança, como as inovações no campo das finanças solidárias, em especial, os Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento (BCDs). A partir desse contexto, o presente estudo buscou compreender a natureza da inovação e os desafios suscitados na gestão dos serviços de finanças solidárias, realizados por meio de Bancos Comunitários como modalidade de um bem comum. Para atingimento deste objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso único no Banco Comunitário dos Cocais, localizado no município de São João do Arraial, no estado do Piauí. Este estudo tem caráter qualitativo, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, pesquisa documental e observação não-participante e, na sequência, foram analisados por meio de narrativa. O banco dos Cocais foi construído por seus próprios usuários, com a finalidade de resolver o problema da falta de acesso a serviços financeiros no município, em especial, para a parte da população excluída do sistema bancário convencional, tendo como mecanismos de acesso a utilidade social destes serviços, em especial, o crédito solidário, respeitando as características socioculturais do território de pertencimento de seus usuários, definindo-o como uma inovação social. Foram identificados desafios relacionados: (a) ao processo de construção da iniciativa, a conflitos relacionados a questões políticas do território, desafios em relação à aceitação da moeda social, a limitação do fundo de crédito, e a desmobilização da população em relação à gestão do banco. Tais desafios expressam a complexidade presente na gestão de recursos de uso comum. / São Cristóvão, SE