The purpose of this study was to show how organizations involved with the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement negotiations might have used the feedback loop characteristic of two-way Symmetrical communication theory to reach consensus on the Hearst Ranch Conservation Agreement. Conservation easements are complex situations and each has separate and distinct goals, constraints, compromises, funding mechanisms, and public values. This study analyzed public documents from seven different organizations that provided input in the public consultations regarding the Hearst Ranch Conservation Easement, which completed in 2005. This study concluded that one of the communication methods adopted during the Hearst Ranch Conservation Negotiation was Hunt and Grunig’s two-way symmetrical communication theory.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T14:26:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloolimpiovieiraabreu.pdf: 1269633 bytes, checksum: c53bd55327953fb438aa768cd71305de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T13:26:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloolimpiovieiraabreu.pdf: 1269633 bytes, checksum: c53bd55327953fb438aa768cd71305de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T13:26:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloolimpiovieiraabreu.pdf: 1269633 bytes, checksum: c53bd55327953fb438aa768cd71305de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T13:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloolimpiovieiraabreu.pdf: 1269633 bytes, checksum: c53bd55327953fb438aa768cd71305de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / “Quem é o eu que (se) comunica?” – Esta é a pergunta que norteia a presente proposta de contextualização e investigação a respeito das concepções sobre o humano na contemporaneidade, época de inúmeras transformações históricas e conceituais. Parte-se dos estudos da Comunicação, que apresentam um cenário descrito por diversos pesquisadores, segundo ideias como: redes (CASTELLS, 1999), ciberespaço e cibercultura (LÉVY, 2010), convergências (JENKINS, 2009), cultura da participação (SHIRKY, 2011), possibilidade de agência (MURRAY, 2003), ciborgue (HARAWAY, 2009), pós-modernidade e pós-humanismo (SANTAELLA, 2003), dentre outras. O interesse em percorrer estas ideias é o de indagar: O que podemos chamar de eu depois de Nietzsche, Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Deleuze e outros tantos pensadores? Como a definição de eu incide no entendimento do cenário de transformações mentais, sociais, culturais, econômicas, científicas, políticas e biológicas que se disseminam desde o final do século XX? Quais as implicações dessas questões nos estudos da Comunicação? A suposição de base é que essas transformações suscitaram outras concepções para entender os modos de ser e estar da espécie humana no aqui e agora, alterando o sentido do termo “eu” e de suas interseções teóricas (sujeito, subjetividade, indivíduo, ontologia). Suposição que toma corpo mediante a apresentação de duas perspectivas: uma, trazida pelo ferramental teórico-prático da psicanálise – na voz de pesquisadores como Freud, Lacan e Magno –, e outra, extraída da exemplaridade do ato poético de Fernando Pessoa. A primeira destaca conceitos como alienação, inconsciente, indiferenciação e “Pessoa” (conceito que esta pesquisa enfatiza). A segunda, aborda as ideias de (im)postura, potencialidade, experiência, genialidade desqualificada, não-lugar, (des)personalizações, eu-ninguém e abismo, ideias que contribuem para a proposta de, diante do tema proposto, pensar a contemporaneidade de Fernando Pessoa no que se refere às possibilidades comunicacionais hoje disponíveis. Busca-se com esta proposta um entendimento do eu para além das abordagens que o tratam segundo as ideias de multiplicidade ou flexibilização do self e da subjetividade, de patologias e mudanças de comportamentos atreladas aos dispositivos comunicacionais, de excessiva valorização da imagem e do imaginário ligada à exibição e à relação com o outro dependentes da lógica das redes tecnológicas. Trata-se, portanto, de explicitar algumas das indicações trazidas por Fernando Pessoa no início do século XX, e apresentar como estas indicações foram retomadas e retrabalhadas pela Nova Psicanálise (MD Magno) no sentido de acompanhar os modos de ser-e-estar (ou mal-estar, segundo Freud) da espécie humana e também de melhor entender a complexidade das ações, atos, manifestações e/ou fenômenos comunicacionais da atualidade. / "Who is the “ego” that communicates?" - This is the question that guides the context and the research of this proposal about the conceptions of the human in the contemporaneity, period of several historical and conceptual transformations. Starting with the Communication studies, which introduces a scenario described by several researchers, thoughts like: networks (CASTELLS, 1999); cyberspace and cyberculture (LÉVY, 2010); convergence (JENKINS, 2009); culture of participation (SHIRKY, 2011); possibility of agency (MURRAY, 2003); cyborg (HARAWAY, 2009); post-modern and post-humanism (SANTAELLA, 2003), among others. The interest in these ideas, propose the following questions: What means the expression “ego” after Nietzsche, Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Deleuze, and many other thinkers? How the definition of ego focuses on understanding the scenarios of mental, social, cultural, economic, scientific, political and biological transformations, spreading since the beginning of the late twentieth century? What are the implications of these issues in the communication studies? The basic assumption considers that these changes raised other concepts to understand the “ways of being” and “be” of the human species in the here and now, changing the meaning of the word "ego" and of their theoretical intersections (subject, subjectivity, individual, ontology). Supposition embodied by two perspectives: one brought by the theoretical and practical tools of psychoanalysis (in the words of researchers as Freud, Lacan and Magno), and the other extracted from the poetic act of Fernando Pessoa. The first emphasizes concepts such as alienation, unconscious, differentiation and a new conception of "Pessoa" (concept presented in this research). The second emphasizes the ideas of “(im)postura”, “potencialidade”, “experiência”, “genialidade desqualificada”, “não-lugar”, “(des)personalizações”, “eu-ninguém” e “abismo”, ideas that contribute to the purpose of this research before the proposed theme, think the contemporary Fernando Pessoa in relation to currently available communication possibilities. This proposition looking for the understanding beyond the approaches who treats the Ego according the ideas of multiplicity and flexibility of the self and subjectivity; pathologies and behavioral changes linked to communication devices; and excessive appreciation of the image and the imaginary linked to the display and the relationship with the other. The research intended to explain some of the indications introduced by Fernando Pessoa in the early twentieth century, and present how these were taken up and reworked by the New Psychoanalysis (MD Magno), following the ways of being and be (recalling Freud in Civilization and its Discontents – original title: “Das Unbehagen in der Kultur”) of the human species and also bring a better understanding of the complexity of actions, acts, demonstrations and/or communications phenomena of our time.

This thesis studies current preaching praxis in Australia through a practical theology perspective. It is argued that Evangelical churches in Australia operate predominantly with a narrow applicational hermeneutical model in regard to preaching and hence communicate the gospel ineffectually to ordinary Australians. A need for contextualised and dialogical preaching is presented. Using Zerfass's model a situational analysis of the Australian context and the effects of modernism and postmodernism are explored. Theological tradition in regard to preaching is then analyzed with a focus on incarnational, Trinitarian and covenantal theology, scripture as public text and dialogue as scriptural pattern. Preaching is then analyzed using the communication theories of Gadamer, Searle, Ricoeur, and Habermas. The need for contextualised preaching is critiqued in light of the concerns of Barth regarding preaching and the concerns of Strom in regards to the nature of church in Australia. A new evangelical practical theological/ preaching model is then offered. Zerfass's model emphasises dialectic tension as the basis for moving from praxis to praxis. While movement from praxis to praxis does occur via dialectic tension there are also elements of change that are based on processes of continuity and evolution. A model that reflects this dynamic is forwarded. Finally an ideal praxis for dialogical preaching is presented with possibilities for further research. Throughout the thesis five interviews are used to illustrate the research, concepts and recommendations presented. / Practical Theology / D.Th.

Este é um estudo epistemológico sobre o conceito de comunicação, que se utiliza de orientações filosóficas como aporte teórico. Porém, a tessitura desta proposta é trama emaranhada. É tecido que se umedece com líquido de subjetividade. Nos estudos convencionais sobre comunicação, o estatuto ontológico do ser nunca teve muito espaço. Prefere-se estudar \"talhas\" na comunicação, como a recepção, a mediação, os processos, os meios. Este é o ponto de partida do nosso trabalho: enveredar uma pesquisa da comunicação que \"acontece\" no ser - o acontecimento comunicacional. E como a noção de acontecimento trabalhada na tese é distinta da concepção compreendida a partir do senso comum ou mesmo da mídia, esse tipo de estudo requisita um procedimento distinto de trabalho. Esse procedimento é o Metáporo: uma proposta prático-descritiva que exige uma postura científica modificada, pois considera as afetações no ser (do acontecimento), e, neste trabalho, em conjunto com as afetações do ser (da pesquisa). Por isso, o olhar do pesquisador conta. Não para subtrair da observação o que interessa, e sim compor com ela. Mas como é preciso considerar o aspecto incapturável do acontecimento, a aposta do Metáporo é pela sua descrição. \"Ter a experiência no próprio corpo e dela extrair descrições, relatos, exposições, textos, transformar o vivido em depoimento, em testemunho vivencial\". E como o solo de nossa observação deita o olhar sobre as experiências de ensino, e porque uma experiência de ensino é elasticidade do ser, nossa proposta, além da discussão epistemológica, inclui relatos autobiográficos. Narrativas que possam permitir uma contiguidade de fruição. Tessitura de tramas elásticas cuja intenção primeira é dar passagens às vibrações de pensamento pela porosidade do texto. / This is an epistemological study on the communication concept, which makes use of philosophical orientations as a technical contribution. However, the fabric of this proposal is a tangled web. It is a tissue which dampens itself in the liquid of subjectivity. In conventional studies on communication, the being\'s ontological status has never had much space. One would prefer to study the \"carvings\" in communication, such as reception, mediation, processes, or media. This is the starting point of our work: engaging a communication research which \"happens\" in the being self - the communicational event. And as the notion of event developed on this thesis differs from the conception as it is understood by common sense or even by the media, this kind of study requires a different work procedure. This procedure is the Metaporo: a practical-descriptive proposal which demands a modified scientific attitude, as it takes into account affectations on the being (of the event), and, in this study, along with affectations of the being (of the research). Therefore, the researcher\'s look counts. Not in a way to subtract from the observation what is interesting, but to compose with it. But, as it is necessary to take into account the incomprehensive aspect of the event, the Metaporo wagers on its description. \"To experience something within its own body and from it extract descriptions, reports, expositions, texts, to transform what has been experienced into statements, into life experience testimonies\". And as the ground of our observation lies on teaching experiences, and because teaching experience is the being\'s resilience, our proposal, in addition to the epistemological discussion, includes autobiographical reports. Narratives that may enable a contiguity of fruition. An elastic web tissue whose first intention is to allow access to the thinking vibrations by the porosity of the text.

This thesis studies current preaching praxis in Australia through a practical theology perspective. It is argued that Evangelical churches in Australia operate predominantly with a narrow applicational hermeneutical model in regard to preaching and hence communicate the gospel ineffectually to ordinary Australians. A need for contextualised and dialogical preaching is presented. Using Zerfass's model a situational analysis of the Australian context and the effects of modernism and postmodernism are explored. Theological tradition in regard to preaching is then analyzed with a focus on incarnational, Trinitarian and covenantal theology, scripture as public text and dialogue as scriptural pattern. Preaching is then analyzed using the communication theories of Gadamer, Searle, Ricoeur, and Habermas. The need for contextualised preaching is critiqued in light of the concerns of Barth regarding preaching and the concerns of Strom in regards to the nature of church in Australia. A new evangelical practical theological/ preaching model is then offered. Zerfass's model emphasises dialectic tension as the basis for moving from praxis to praxis. While movement from praxis to praxis does occur via dialectic tension there are also elements of change that are based on processes of continuity and evolution. A model that reflects this dynamic is forwarded. Finally an ideal praxis for dialogical preaching is presented with possibilities for further research. Throughout the thesis five interviews are used to illustrate the research, concepts and recommendations presented. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th.

Este é um estudo epistemológico sobre o conceito de comunicação, que se utiliza de orientações filosóficas como aporte teórico. Porém, a tessitura desta proposta é trama emaranhada. É tecido que se umedece com líquido de subjetividade. Nos estudos convencionais sobre comunicação, o estatuto ontológico do ser nunca teve muito espaço. Prefere-se estudar \"talhas\" na comunicação, como a recepção, a mediação, os processos, os meios. Este é o ponto de partida do nosso trabalho: enveredar uma pesquisa da comunicação que \"acontece\" no ser - o acontecimento comunicacional. E como a noção de acontecimento trabalhada na tese é distinta da concepção compreendida a partir do senso comum ou mesmo da mídia, esse tipo de estudo requisita um procedimento distinto de trabalho. Esse procedimento é o Metáporo: uma proposta prático-descritiva que exige uma postura científica modificada, pois considera as afetações no ser (do acontecimento), e, neste trabalho, em conjunto com as afetações do ser (da pesquisa). Por isso, o olhar do pesquisador conta. Não para subtrair da observação o que interessa, e sim compor com ela. Mas como é preciso considerar o aspecto incapturável do acontecimento, a aposta do Metáporo é pela sua descrição. \"Ter a experiência no próprio corpo e dela extrair descrições, relatos, exposições, textos, transformar o vivido em depoimento, em testemunho vivencial\". E como o solo de nossa observação deita o olhar sobre as experiências de ensino, e porque uma experiência de ensino é elasticidade do ser, nossa proposta, além da discussão epistemológica, inclui relatos autobiográficos. Narrativas que possam permitir uma contiguidade de fruição. Tessitura de tramas elásticas cuja intenção primeira é dar passagens às vibrações de pensamento pela porosidade do texto. / This is an epistemological study on the communication concept, which makes use of philosophical orientations as a technical contribution. However, the fabric of this proposal is a tangled web. It is a tissue which dampens itself in the liquid of subjectivity. In conventional studies on communication, the being\'s ontological status has never had much space. One would prefer to study the \"carvings\" in communication, such as reception, mediation, processes, or media. This is the starting point of our work: engaging a communication research which \"happens\" in the being self - the communicational event. And as the notion of event developed on this thesis differs from the conception as it is understood by common sense or even by the media, this kind of study requires a different work procedure. This procedure is the Metaporo: a practical-descriptive proposal which demands a modified scientific attitude, as it takes into account affectations on the being (of the event), and, in this study, along with affectations of the being (of the research). Therefore, the researcher\'s look counts. Not in a way to subtract from the observation what is interesting, but to compose with it. But, as it is necessary to take into account the incomprehensive aspect of the event, the Metaporo wagers on its description. \"To experience something within its own body and from it extract descriptions, reports, expositions, texts, to transform what has been experienced into statements, into life experience testimonies\". And as the ground of our observation lies on teaching experiences, and because teaching experience is the being\'s resilience, our proposal, in addition to the epistemological discussion, includes autobiographical reports. Narratives that may enable a contiguity of fruition. An elastic web tissue whose first intention is to allow access to the thinking vibrations by the porosity of the text.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T14:16:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaalkminreis.pdf: 859126 bytes, checksum: acdd49ed3871e00b7d6534cd730e7bee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T20:46:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaalkminreis.pdf: 859126 bytes, checksum: acdd49ed3871e00b7d6534cd730e7bee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T20:47:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaalkminreis.pdf: 859126 bytes, checksum: acdd49ed3871e00b7d6534cd730e7bee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T20:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessaalkminreis.pdf: 859126 bytes, checksum: acdd49ed3871e00b7d6534cd730e7bee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Investigação sobre os modos de expressão possibilitados pela expansão das redes informatizadas no século XXI. Análise de websites pró-anorexia e bulimia (personalizadas nos fóruns online como ana e mia) com o objetivo de compreender os efeitos (a) sobre os conteúdos veiculados, uma vez que são disponibilizados em rede, e (b) sobre os links se estabelecem neste ambiente de enredamento tecnológico, no qual cada nó – pessoa, assunto ou máquina – está em permanente disponibilidade à conexão. Com um referencial teórico que abrange Teorias da Comunicação, Ciências Sociais e, sobretudo, Psicanálise, agregam-se conhecimentos que, como nós de uma rede, se conectam, complementam e proporcionam bases para o estudo destes acontecimentos. Como objeto de nossa pesquisa, elegemos um escopo de websites, blogs e redes sociais representativos do movimento virtual pró-anorexia e bulimia que possibilitam descrever de modo original características importantes (nem sempre visíveis) desse fenômeno comunicacional típico da sociedade ocidental contemporânea. / Research about the ways of expression made possible by the widespread global computer networks in the 21st century. Analysis of pro-anorexia and bulimia websites (conditions personalized in online forums as ana and mia) aimed to an understanding of their effects (a) on the broadcasted contents, once they are available online, and (b) on the links that are established in that technological networking environment, in which each node – person, subject or machine – is in permanent availability for connection. With a theoretical basis that involves Communication Theories, Social Sciences and, above all, Psychoanalysis, we bring together knowledges that, as nodes of a network, connect, complement and offer grounds for the study of these facts. As an object for our investigation, we elected a range of websites, blogs and social networks that represent the online pro-anorexia and bulimia movement, and allow an original description of important (but not always visible) characteristics of this communicational phenomena so typical of the western society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Palhares Valencia.pdf: 2076342 bytes, checksum: 9cdb252d4faefeaaa4af87c297902139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / This investigation produced a panorama of cybercultural themes, as well as their theoretical and methodological fundamentals and analytical methods used in theses and dissertations in the field of Communication in Brazil, in the triennia of 1995 to 2010. Abstracts of researches conducted in Postgraduate Programs spanning over fifteen years of activity were analyzed, in view of the relevance indicated by the number of papers presented in the aforementioned period. The methodology adopted here was of a theoretical-empirical and qualitative-quantitative nature, underpinned by inquiries and records of texts pertinent to the theme and information available in library catalogs and in the institutional databases of theses of CAPES (Federal Agency for the Support and Improvement of Higher Education) and IBICT (Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology Information). The bibliographic data and analytical observations about the collected material were indexed in a database developed in Access software, and were used to generate charts in Microsoft Excel so as to represent the elements indicated by researchers of the area during the aforementioned period. The research problems, as well as the reasons that motivated the researchers in their investigations into cyberculture and the adoption of other theories and methodologies about the objects analyzed, for example, are mentioned in the course of this investigation and can be explained by the social, economic, political and cultural transformations resulting from the new information and communication technologies. Among other factors addressed in this research, changes in the lines of research in postgraduate programs in Communication were also identified, which indicate the redimensioning of the field of communication, opening a space for the formation of a subfield that of Cyberculture. Theoretical frameworks outlined, for example, by Virilio, Castells, Landow, Flusser, Levy, Johnson, Guiddens, Negri, Trivinho, Sataella, Manovich, and Bergson, reinforce this mutation and renewal, following the expansion of the field of Communication. The authors involved in these perspectives are, among others, Gastón Bachelard, Michel Foucault, Eugênio Trivinho, Erick Felinto and Francisco Rüdiger / A presente investigação elaborou um panorama dos temas da cibercultura, assim como suas bases teóricas, metodológicas e métodos de análise utilizados em Teses e Dissertações do campo da Comunicação no Brasil, entre os triênios de 1995 a 2010. Analisamos resumos das pesquisas de Programas de Pós-Graduação com mais de quinze anos de atividades, devido à relevância pelo número de trabalhos apresentados no citado período. A metodologia adotada foi a de caráter teórico-empírica e quali-quantitativa, lastreada em levantamentos e fichamentos de textos pertinentes ao tema e em informações disponíveis em catálogos de bibliotecas e bancos de Teses institucionais, da Capes e do Ibict. Os dados bibliográficos e as observações analíticas sobre o material coletado foram indexados em um banco de dados desenvolvido no software Access, usados para a geração de tabelas no Excel, ambos da Microsoft, visando à representação dos elementos indicados pelos pesquisadores da área, no período mencionado. Os problemas da pesquisa, como os motivos que levaram os pesquisadores às investigações sobre a cibercultura e a adoção de outras teorias e metodologias sobre os objetos analisados, por exemplo, são apontados no decorrer desta investigação e podem ser explicados pelas transformações sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais devido às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Nos PPG em Comunicação, verificamos ainda alterações nas Linhas de Pesquisas dos Programas, entre outros fatores abordados nesta investigação, que indicam o redimensionamento do campo da Comunicação, abrindo uma brecha para a constituição de um subcampo, o da Cibercultura. Quadros teóricosformados, porexemplo, por Virilio, Castells, Landow, Flusser, Levy, Jonhson, Guiddens, Negri, Trivinho, Sataella, Manovich, Bergson, reforçam o caráter de mutação e de renovação, acompanhando a expansão do campo da Comunicação. Os autores envolvidos nessas perspectivas são, entre outros, Gastón Bachelard, Michel Foucault, Eugênio Trivinho, Erick Felinto e Francisco Rüdiger

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Pires Salvador.pdf: 1533863 bytes, checksum: 0ad9fa1b5d34a4c29ae31fb8463b8761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research work attempts to comprehend the way through which the media is capable of distorting, amplifying, minimizing, creating or hiding perceived realities, as it follows the ideological line (named "editorial line"), although usually it is not assumed. It is understood that there is a relationship between the State, the market and the media as institutions that maintain power over society. Corporate media, as a group of companies, is aligned with the market in two ways: through means of prot, common to any capitalist corporation, and as a representative of ideologically hidden interests. With this in mind, the research work investigated the roots of the contemporary cultural context, focusing on a serious crisis in the Brazilian airline market, a crisis which culminated in an airplane accident with 199 deaths. In this event, the media made it clear that the market dominated over the State, with respect to the first reality (to the following of regulations and physical limitations) as well as the second reality (weakening of the State and defending the hypothesis that the market regulates itself following natural laws, which are ideologically built). We investigated how the methods that are appropriate to the analysis of physical and biological phenomena, when applied in journalism, hide the essential causes of that which is investigated, well as the possible interests, and how this approach has been ideologically used in different Communication Schools as well as by journalistic work. The research work focused on media coverage by the electronic version of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper (Folha Online) related to the developments of the airline crisis up to the point of the TAM Flight 3054 disaster. Thereafter, it focused on three facts which, as covered by the general media, could not be clearly understood or interpreted by the general public / Esta pesquisa busca compreender de que modo a mídia é capaz de distorcer, amplificar, minimizar ou criar e ocultar realidades, segundo a linha ideológica (chamada "linha editorial") adotada pelo veículo, embora freqüentemente não assumida. Entendemos existir uma relação entre o Estado, o mercado e a mídia como instituições que detêm poder sobre a sociedade. A mídia corporativa, enquanto conjunto de empresas, apresenta-se duplamente alinhada ao mercado: seja pelos fins lucrativos que tem em comum a qualquer outra corporação tipicamente capitalista, seja por servir como representante de interesses ideologicamente ocultados. Com este foco, o presente trabalho de pesquisa investigou as raízes do contexto cultural atual, dentro do qual ocorreu uma grave crise no mercado de transporte aéreo brasileiro que teve como ápice um acidente com 199 vítimas fatais. A cobertura midiática deste evento permite concluir que o mercado venceu o Estado tanto no que diz respeito à primeira realidade (respeito a regulamentos e limitações físicas) quanto à segunda (enfraquecimento do Estado e defesa da hipótese de que o mercado se auto-regula de acordo com leis naturais, ideologicamente construídas). Investigamos como métodos que são adequados à análise de fenômenos físicos e biológicos, ao serem aplicados no jornalismo, escondem as causas essenciais daquilo que é investigado, bem como de possíveis interesses em jogo, e como esta abordagem tem sido ideologicamente utilizada tanto por pesquisas realizadas em influentes Escolas de Comunicação, quanto pela própria praxis jornalística. A pesquisa focou a cobertura do jornal Folha de São Paulo, em sua versão eletrônica Folha Online, sobre o desenvolvimento da crise aérea até o acidente do Vôo 3054 da TAM. A partir daí, focou sobre três fatos que, da maneira como foram cobertos pela mídia em geral, não puderam ser claramente compreendidos ou interpretados pelo público em geral

Sickness and healing expenence is universal, but the context in which both are perceived and dealt with is particular. Culture and the individual constitute the universal context. The social structures, values, beliefs, the symbol system of a culture and the tendency of the individual to act upon his existence within cultural parameters, inform the particular context. The relationship that exists between culture and the individual is best described as dialectic. The concept of dialect is the theoretical tool to analytically show how this relationship works out in real life. At the base of this relationship operates conflict. Sickness, or permanent ill health since early childhood as shown in an in-depth case study, triggers conflict on at least two levels: the personal-psychological and the socio­ cultural level. To effectively deal with sickness and the inner conflicts caused by it, is to channel the motivation to resolve them by way of employing a symbolic idiom, a cultural symbol that attains personal meaning. G. Chewe P. of Bemba ethnicity, the main actor of this thesis, demonstrates how his life experience of sickness made various symbols become operational, how he filled them with personal meaning, and that there was no hiatus between the public and private domain. Healing requires more than medical aid. Cultural symbols that become personal symbols are often tied into religious experience of some kind. Individuals who successfully employ personal symbols eventually achieve healing because the symbolic idiom helps them to resolve intrapsychic conflict. Missiology cannot escape from two realities: culture and the individual. If anything, missiology must be interested in culture and the individual. Missiology, in the role of aide-de-camps of the Christian Mission, shows the history of how individuals connect to God, and how God transforms them in their cultural environment. To be able to achieve both goals, the issues of context and conflict must be addressed. This thesis seeks to account for the dialectic between culture and the individual, how context and conflict shaped the person and the Christian G. Chewe P. of Bemba ethnicity, and how he acted upon this context to resolve his travail. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th (Missiology)