Depuis plusieurs années, on assiste à la croissance exponentielle des cas de plagiat non seulement dans les arts, mais aussi dans la recherche scientifique. La réalité veut qu’en l’absence d’un spécialiste de la littérature dans les débats à la barre pour trier le bon grain de l’ivraie, le juge se trouve très souvent obligé de jouer le rôle du spécialiste à la fois du droit et de la littérature. C’est donc dans ce contexte particulier, que se situe ce travail de recherche. L’objectif est de partir de l’analyse de quatre biographies, de deux romans et de trois décisions de justice pour essayer de pallier les insuffisances d’une « approche juridique » de la littérature et proposer une grille d’analyse littéraire systématisée. Cette grille d’analyse résulte de la conjugaison de deux processus : l’analyse manuelle et celle assistée par ordinateur. En effet, avec pour cadre général l’analyse de l’œuvre intégrale, l’analyse manuelle se combine avec la textométrie. faite à l’aide de deux logiciels : TXM conçu par le laboratoire ICAR de l’ENS de Lyon et Hyperbase conçu par le Professeur Étienne Brunet de l’université de Nice. C’est à l’issue de toutes ces investigations que le spécialiste de la littérature devrait émettre un avis motivé dont le tribunal devrait se servir pour dire le droit et... rendre justice / For several years now, there has been an exponential growth in cases of plagiarism not only in the arts, but in scientific research as well. Reality warrants that in the absence of a specialist in literature in court to separate the gold from the dross, the judge is often compelled to play the rote of both a specialist in law and in literature. It is against this backdrop that this research work is inspired. The aim is to analyze four biographies, two novels and three court rulings in an attempt to address the shortcomings of “legal approach” to literature and propose a systematized literary analytical framework. This analytical framework is the result of combining two processes : the manual process and the computer-assisted one. As a matter of fact, against a general framework of analyzing the complete works, manual analysis is combined with textometry, carried out using two softwares: TXM designed by the iCAR laboratory of ENS Lyon and Hyperbase designed by Professor Etienne Brunet of Nice University. It is after all these investigations that the literature specialist may issue a reasoned opinion that the court may use to say what the law is and... mete out justice

Les dieux de l'Orage sont des divinités universelles. Cela, E.O. James, J.G. Frazer mais aussi M. Eliade en ont fait la démonstration. L'objet de ce travail s'inscrit dans les études comparatistes indo-européennes. Cette expérience de religion comparé a pour objet de dégager des structures communes à deux d'entre eux : Jupiter et le dieu de l'Orage hittite. Il s'agit ici de poursuivre les études comparatistes à partir d'un champ jamais étudié : une communauté hittito-latine. Ces structures communes s'organisent autour de trois piliers, l'héritage indo-européen, la communauté civilisationnelle en Méditerranée, et les constructions originales à ces cultures. Nous détachons ces structures par une étude de l'héritage linguistique indo-européen, par les transferts civilisationnels et enfin par un travail sur les particularités locales hittites et romaines. Ce travail commence par l'étude des théonymes, le vocabulaire de l'orage ainsi que les structures théologiques fondées sur le vocabulaire et les jeux poétiques. Cette poétique sert à construire des formulaires, qui dans un second temps forment des mythèmes et des mythologies. A partir de cela, des panthéons se construisent et se structurent, en particulier autour de deux paires de dieux. L'une formée par l'aspect solaire et orageux de la souveraineté cosmique, l'autre par le dieu de l'Orage et sa parèdre terrestre. Enfin il s'agit d'étudier l'influence des structures dégagées dans les sociétés et les religions hittites et romaines. Cette partie est consacrée aux relations des dieux de l'Orage avec la politique, la guerre, l'économie et le culte. / The thundergods are universal deities. This fact was demonstrated by E.O. James, J.G Frazer and M. Eliade. The aim of this dissertation is to pursue the work of the indo-european comparatists in a study of the the common structures of Jupiter and the hittite thundergod. So, we work on a new type of comparatism : the latin-hittite community. These structures are drawn from three historical sources : the indo-european heritage, the Mediterranean civilizational community, and the original creations formulated by Hittites and Romans. In order to study these sources, three types of work. A philological one : the indo-european studies. A second one is the historical Mediterranean crossover. The last one is the hittites et romans particularities. This dissertation begins on the work of the theonyms, the vocabulary related to weather and also the theological structures based on the vocabulary and the poetry. This poetry created formulary which are bricks to build mythems and mythologies. The mythology explains how the pantheon is organized in the religion. Two pairs of gods stand out. One is formed with the solar and the thundery parts of the cosmical sovereignty. The other is formed by the thundergod and a chthonian goddess. The aim of the last part of our work is to study the influence of these structures in the hittite and roman societies in four sections : politic, war, economy and religion.

O romance de Valter Hugo Mãe, A máquina de fazer espanhóis, traz à tona a discussão sobre a fragmentação de identidade do povo português, revelando o mal-estar nacional perante a situação socioeconômica do país no período pós-Salazar e diante do contexto da globalização neoliberal, bem como a relação de Portugal com os blocos hegemônicos de poder e ex-colônias. O filme Terra estrangeira, dos cineastas Walter Salles e Daniela Thomas, dialoga com o cenário de globalização da obra de Mãe e sugere uma reflexão sobre a fragilidade de identidade dos brasileiros durante o Governo Collor, abordando o fenômeno da emigração para a Europa. Trabalhando com a comparação entre as obras, sobretudo de seus momentos históricos e as diferenças de enfoque narrativo, este projeto visa discutir as relações entre identidade nacional e representação da História pela literatura e cinema. / The novel by valter hugo mãe, a máquina de fazer espanhóis, brings the discussion about the identity fragmentation of Portuguese people, revealing the discomfort in front of the social economic situation since the post-Salazar period and in the face of the context of neoliberal globalization, as well as its relation with hegemonic blocs of power and the former colonies. The motion picture Terra estrangeira, by Walter Salles and Daniela Thomas, dialogues with the globalization scenario of Mãe\'s work and suggests a reflection about the identity fragility of the Brazilian people during the Collor government and, consequently, the phenomenon of the immigration to Europe. Comparing both works, especially the historic periods and the differences of narrative focus, this study examines the relations between peoples identity and representation of History by literature and cinema.

A presente dissertação propõe-se a analisar comparativamente os personagens Dama da Noite e Kid, presentes respectivamente nos livros Os dragões não conhecem o paraíso, do escritor brasileiro Caio Fernando Abreu, e Lunário, do poeta português Al Berto, ambos publicados originalmente no ano de 1988. Neste estudo comparativo, pretende-se observar como a oscilação entre os gêneros sexuais dos personagens redundam na oscilação de gêneros textuais das obras / The current dissertation aims to comparatively analyze the characters Dama da Noite and Kid, from Brazilian writer Caio Fernando Abreus book Os dragões não conhecem o paraíso and Portuguese poet Al Bertos book Lunário, respectively, both originaly published in 1988. In this comparative study, we intend to observe how the characters oscillation regarding sexual gender results in the books oscillation regarding textual genre

A presente tese procura sustentar que as obras do corpus desta pesquisa, Berenice detetive, do brasileiro João Carlos Marinho, e Jaime Bunda, agente secreto, do angolano Pepetela, duas narrativas literárias de língua portuguesa, são ambas tributárias do gênero policial sem, no entanto, abdicarem de ser, ao mesmo tempo, obras sui generis. Para dar suporte a semelhante proposição busca-se, inicialmente, inventariar e comentar os mais importantes traços das principais vertentes do gênero policial e sua relação com história e sociedade; em seguida, analisa-se, em separado e comparativamente, as obras Berenice detetive e Jaime Bunda, agente secreto, a fim de compreender em qual medida estas obras se inserem no ou se afastam do gênero policial; com quais obras literárias ou cinematográficas, dentro e fora do gênero policial, e com quais vertentes do citado gênero, ambas dialogam; quais procedimentos intertextuais lançam mão em sua construção; em quais contextos ambas estão inseridas; e os efeitos estéticos, culturais e sociopolíticos que alcançam. Após a realização das análises acima mencionadas, tenta-se elucidar o modelo teórico de análise comparativa de narrativas ficcionais efetuado nesta investigação por intermédio do gênero literário, num esforço de contribuição teórica desta pesquisadora ao campo dos Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa. / This dissertation sets out to prove that the works Berenice detective, by the Brazilian author João Carlos Marinho, and Jaime Bunda, secret agent, by the Angolan author Pepetela, two literary narratives of the Portuguese language, are related to the crime genre without abdicating being, at the same time, sui generis works. In order to support similar proposition, we initially seek to identify and comment on the most important traits of the main strands of the crime genre and its relationship with history and society. Then the works Berenice detective and Jaime Bunda, secret agent are analyzed, separately and comparatively, to understand to what extent these works are part or apart from the crime genre; which variants of the crime genre they are related to either in literary or movie works; which intertextual procedures are used in its construction; in which contexts both are embedded; and the aesthetic, cultural and sociopolitical effects achieved. After the analysis, we try to elucidate the theoretical model for comparative analysis of fictional narratives through the literary genre in an effort to contribute to the field of Comparative Studies in Literatures of Portuguese.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-04-02T20:32:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 As dicotomias da Nação.pdf: 606825 bytes, checksum: d935990107e6c05b5e967a21cb4fa6cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-04-03T01:22:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 As dicotomias da Nação.pdf: 606825 bytes, checksum: d935990107e6c05b5e967a21cb4fa6cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-03T01:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 As dicotomias da Nação.pdf: 606825 bytes, checksum: d935990107e6c05b5e967a21cb4fa6cf (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Sem bolsa / Os estudos comparados têm permitido operar uma descentralização da literatura, promovendo uma abertura para o estudo de obras literárias até então consideradas periféricas. O estudo aqui apresentado realiza um comparativo entre as obras Eterna paixão (1994), de Abduali Sila, escritor guineense e Venenos de Deus, remédios do Diabo (2008), de Mia Couto, escritor moçambicano. Este construto teórico analisa temas como comunidades imaginadas, observadas pelos espaços externo (esfera pública) e interno (esfera privada) no período pós-colonial. Esse momento da história torna-se singular para as jovens nações africanas, porque é um período de tensões geradas por inúmeros aspectos culturais locais e questões ligadas à modernidade. As ideias para a reflexão e explanação das questões teóricas concernentes a este trabalho são iluminadas principalmente por Henry Lefebvre, Partha Chatterjee, Hommi Bhabha, Kwame Appiah e Stuart Hall, em relação ao espaço, as comunidades imaginadas, cultura, nação e identidade. Cada uma das obras observadas revelam a sua comunidade imaginada, isto é, criam uma imagem de nação para refletir acerca dos rumos que seus países tomaram após um longo período de colonização. Com efeito, constata-se a dificuldade de compreensão dos sujeitos em como lidar com os costumes e mitos locais em relação à modernidade. Desse modo, criam-se dicotomias da nação que manifestam as diferenças entre o local e o global e como estas diferenças acabam se conformando na construção da imagem nacional. / Comparative studies have allowed a decentralization of literature, fostering an openness to study literary work previously considered peripheral. The study presented here shows a comparison between two works - Eterna Paixão (1994), from Abduali Sila, a Guinean writer, and Venenos de Deus, Remédios do Diabo (2008), from Mia Couto, a Mozambican writer. The theoretical construct examines subjects as the imagined communities, observed by external spaces (public sphere) and internal spaces (private sphere) in the post-colonial period. This moment in history becomes unique for young African nations, because it is a period of tension generated by numerous local cultural aspects and issues related to modernity. The reflection and explanation of ideas of the theoretical questions concerning this research are mainly enlightened by Henry Lefebvre, Partha Chatterjee, Hommi Bhabha, Kwame Appiah and Stuart Hall, in relation to space, the imagined communities, culture, nation and identity. Each of the analyzed work reveals their imagined community, which means, they create an image of a nation to reflect on the path that their countries took after a long period of colonization. Indeed, subjects have had a difficulty in understanding and dealing with local customs and myths in relation to modernity. Thus, nation dichotomies are created and show the differences between the local and the global, and how these differences end up shaping the construction of national image.

Le Bodhicaryāvatāra de Śāntideva, rédigé sans doute au début du VIIIe siècle, représente l’un des textes majeurs du bouddhisme indien tardif. Cet ouvrage fondamental présente la voie ou la pratique d’un nouveau type d’être seulement tendu par le souci d’éveil : le bodhisattva. Cette voie ou cette pratique conduit à s’affranchir, via une éthique méditative et réflexive, de la double croyance illusoire en l’identité réelle, personnelle, intérieure et l’identité réelle des « pragmata » extérieurs – autrement dit du sujet, de l’objet et leurs relations. Cependant, l’éthique, comme la morale d’ailleurs, se fonde sur l’idée d’élévation de soi jusqu’à sa pleine essence. Son sol appartient à l’ontologie, c'est-à-dire à l’interprétation de l’être ou de la présence à partir de la notion d’identité. Comment dès lors comprendre la perspective du Bodhicaryāvatāra qui possède à coup sûr une dimension éthique, tout en récusant radicalement la réalité de quelque chose comme une « nature propre » (svabhāva) qui serait ou non à réaliser ou à actualiser ? C’est impossible tant que l’on se place dans l’horizon métaphysique qui pense à partir et en direction de l’ontologie. La première ambition de cette thèse consiste donc à ménager un espace interprétatif à partir duquel le texte de Śāntideva puisse être reçu et entendu. Cela exige une confrontation avec la tradition philosophique occidentale sous-tendue par cette perspective métaphysique ainsi, évidemment, qu’avec la linguistique comparée. Deux courants de pensée nous sont apparus particulièrement propices à la rencontre : la phénoménologie et la systémique. La seconde ambition de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle traduction française du texte sanskrit de Śāntideva, qui se fonde sur les avancées interprétatives mentionnées / The Bodhicaryāvatāra of Śāntideva, probably written in the early eighth century, is one of the major texts of late Indian Buddhism. This fundamental work presents the way or practice of a new type of being, only tensioned by the desire for awakening: the bodhisattva. This path or practice leads to a meditative and reflexive ethic able to eliminate the illusory double belief in the real, personal, inner identity and in the real identity of the external "pragmata" - in other words, the subject, the object and their relations. However, ethics, like morality, is based on the idea of elevation of the self to its full essence. Its ground belongs to ontology, that is to say: the interpretation of being or presence from the notion of identity. How then to understand the perspective of the Bodhicaryāvatāra which certainly has an ethical dimension, while radically rejecting the reality of something like a "self-nature" (svabhāva) that would or should not be realized or actualized? It is impossible, as long as one places oneself in the metaphysical horizon; which considers everything from and towards ontology. The first ambition of this thesis is therefore to provide an interpretative space from which the text of Śāntideva can be received and heard. This requires a confrontation with the Western philosophical tradition underpinned by this metaphysical perspective as well as, of course, with comparative linguistics. Two streams of thought appeared to us particularly conducive to the meeting: phenomenology and systemic. The second ambition of this thesis is to propose a new French translation of the Śāntideva’s text from Sanskrit, which is based on the mentioned interpretative advances.

Esta pesquisa procura desenvolver uma leitura da produção literária de duas mulheres a russo-ucraniana naturalizada brasileira Clarice Lispector e a colombiana Marvel Moreno. Da primeira, foram selecionados contos publicados no volume Laços de família (1960). Da segunda, contos publicados no volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). Vale-se, para tanto, de metodologias do comparativismo e de teorias sobre a literatura feminina. E procura problematizar questões referentes a esse universo em que mulheres escrevem sobre o ser feminino, aí considerado num sistema que inclui experiências existenciais, relações sociais e que considera também o campo mais amplo da própria condição humana. Entre os vários aspectos estudados, considerou-se o modo como as autoras comparadas estruturam as personagens femininas, nos seus diversos estágios de desenvolvimento: enquanto crianças e adolescentes em formação, na sua primeira juventude como mulher, na vida de casada e no seu papel de mãe. A análise comparativista dos contos está fundamentada em alguns elementos considerados pela crítica feminista como determinantes do conjunto de obras produzidas por mulheres, ressaltando-se, dentre eles, o uso frequente do discurso indireto livre e da narração em primeira pessoa, recursos que, mediante a mobilização da lembrança do passado, da auto-análise e da auto-descoberta, colaboram para uma problematização da identidade feminina e do significado da existência. / This research aims to develop a reading of the literary work of two women russianucranian naturalized brazilian Clarice Lispector and Colombian Marvel Moreno. Significant stories of both authors were selected for this study; from the first, were chosen some stories published on volume entitled Laços de família (1960), and from the Colombian writer, some stories on volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). To do this, methodologies as comparatism and female literature theories are the principal theoretical elements. It also tries to problematize questions related to that universe within women write about female being, thought as a part of a system including being experiences, social relationships, and with regards to the wider field of human condition itself. Among the diverse aspects, the way both authors organize female characters on their different levels of growing was considered: from childhood, teenage years, the first youth as a woman and the life as a wife, until they assume their mother roles. Comparative analysis of the stories is supported by some elements that feminist critic consider as deciding factors to be inserted into the group of writings produced by women, and between them those whose relevancy rests on the frequent use of free indirect speech and first-person narrator; this sources, mediated by past memories, selfexamination and the self-discovery strengthen the complexity of female identity and the meaning of existence.

Esta pesquisa procura desenvolver uma leitura da produção literária de duas mulheres a russo-ucraniana naturalizada brasileira Clarice Lispector e a colombiana Marvel Moreno. Da primeira, foram selecionados contos publicados no volume Laços de família (1960). Da segunda, contos publicados no volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). Vale-se, para tanto, de metodologias do comparativismo e de teorias sobre a literatura feminina. E procura problematizar questões referentes a esse universo em que mulheres escrevem sobre o ser feminino, aí considerado num sistema que inclui experiências existenciais, relações sociais e que considera também o campo mais amplo da própria condição humana. Entre os vários aspectos estudados, considerou-se o modo como as autoras comparadas estruturam as personagens femininas, nos seus diversos estágios de desenvolvimento: enquanto crianças e adolescentes em formação, na sua primeira juventude como mulher, na vida de casada e no seu papel de mãe. A análise comparativista dos contos está fundamentada em alguns elementos considerados pela crítica feminista como determinantes do conjunto de obras produzidas por mulheres, ressaltando-se, dentre eles, o uso frequente do discurso indireto livre e da narração em primeira pessoa, recursos que, mediante a mobilização da lembrança do passado, da auto-análise e da auto-descoberta, colaboram para uma problematização da identidade feminina e do significado da existência. / This research aims to develop a reading of the literary work of two women russianucranian naturalized brazilian Clarice Lispector and Colombian Marvel Moreno. Significant stories of both authors were selected for this study; from the first, were chosen some stories published on volume entitled Laços de família (1960), and from the Colombian writer, some stories on volume Oriane, tía Oriane (1980). To do this, methodologies as comparatism and female literature theories are the principal theoretical elements. It also tries to problematize questions related to that universe within women write about female being, thought as a part of a system including being experiences, social relationships, and with regards to the wider field of human condition itself. Among the diverse aspects, the way both authors organize female characters on their different levels of growing was considered: from childhood, teenage years, the first youth as a woman and the life as a wife, until they assume their mother roles. Comparative analysis of the stories is supported by some elements that feminist critic consider as deciding factors to be inserted into the group of writings produced by women, and between them those whose relevancy rests on the frequent use of free indirect speech and first-person narrator; this sources, mediated by past memories, selfexamination and the self-discovery strengthen the complexity of female identity and the meaning of existence.

L’objectif de la thèse est de rassembler des arguments permettant de déterminer si la seconde partie de la légende mariale moyen-néerlandaise Beatrijs (vv. 865-1038) est originale ou plutôt l’œuvre d’un continuateur. Dans la séquence narrative dont il est question, l’auteur développe le thème de la confession, préalable spirituel à la rémission des péchés.<p>En premier lieu, l’analyse stylistique objective (c.-à-d. basée sur des paramètres quantitatifs) de l’ensemble du corpus-texte nous a permis de ne déceler aucune différence notable entre les deux parties de la légende.<p>Ensuite, par l’étude de la structure diégétique, nous avons tenté d’expliquer le rôle du processus pénitentiel dans l’œuvre moyen-néerlandaise. Grâce aux principes d’analyse sémiotique de Propp, Greimas, Courtès et Dundes, nous avons pu remarquer que la légende présente une double articulation narrative reposant sur une double quête :le rejet du péché par le retour à l’espace hétérotopique initial (dans la première partie) et la quête de la pureté originale par la confession des péchés (dans la seconde partie). Cette dernière quête semble donc très logiquement faire partie intégrante de l’œuvre médiévale.<p><p><p>The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the second part of the Middle-Dutch legend Beatrijs (vv. 865-1038) is original. In the final sequences, the author highlights the role of confession in the absolution of sins.<p>In the first part of our work, we carried out a stylistic analysis of the whole legend that rested on quantifiable parameters. As no significant differences could be observed between the two parts, the stylistic homogeneity seemed obvious.<p>In the second part of our research, the emphasis was laid on the narrative structural approach. On the basis of the theories of semioticians (Propp, Greimas, Courtès and Dundes), we could analyse the legend as a bimotifemic « complex tale » in which the success of the first quest in the first part (return to the heterotopic point of departure) must be considered the first stage in the expiation. The second quest in the second part (return to the original purity) can only be achieved through confession. This physical and spiritual movement ensures absolution and salvation :for that reason we can assert that the confession process is an integral part of the medieval legend as a whole. / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished