Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de solutions globales et régulières de certaines EDP hamiltoniennes, du point de vue de la croissance de leurs normes de Sobolev. Un tel phénomène traduit une modification de la répartition de l'énergie dans l'espace des fréquences, appelée parfois "turbulence faible". On étudie d'abord une équation d'évolution non-linéaire où intervient un laplacien fractionnaire, et l'on prouve des estimées a priori sur la vitesse de croissance des normes de Sobolev. On introduit ensuite une équation où de telles estimées sont optimales : une équation de Szegő, intégrable, avec une non-linéarité quadratique, et où certaines solutions régulières croissent à vitesse exponentielle tout en restant bornées dans l'espace d'énergie. On classifie les ondes progressives de cette équation de Szegő quadratique, et l'on met en évidence l'instabilité d'une partie d'entre elles. Enfin, on exhibe pour cette équation une hiérarchie de lois de conservation, qui permet d'étudier plus précisément les solutions rationnelles turbulentes. / In this thesis we study global smooth solutions of certain Hamiltonian PDEs, in order to capture the possible growth of their Sobolev norms. Such a phenomenon is typical for what is sometimes called "weak turbulence" : a change in the distribution of energy between Fourier modes. We first study a nonlinear evolution equation involving a fractional Laplacian, and we prove a priori estimates on the growth of Sobolev norms. We then introduce an equation where these estimates turn out to be optimal : an integrable Szegő equation with a quadratic nonlinearity, which admits exponentially growing smooth solutions that remain bounded in the energy space. We classify the traveling wave solutions of this quadratic Szegő equation, and show that some of them are unstable. Eventually we find a hierarchy of conservation laws for this equation, which leads us into a deeper study of rational turbulent solutions.

This thesis presents description of Genetic algorithm. The description begins with theory of complexity and following basic theory of genetic algorithm. Next part explains the principle of all three tasks – travelling salesman problem, knapsack problem and evolution of algorithm for five-in-a-row. The main focus was on developing the algorithm for five-in-a-row. The results were tested with other similar algorithms from internet. In case of travelling salesman problem and knapsack problem, the results were compared with gradient optimization methods.

The aim of this work is to invent a business plan for beginning company HELP ONE, s. r. o., which offers complete services to the people who have been damaged by a car crash. On the other hand, this work also shows all possible problems that can appear from the middle position between insurance company and ordinary people and eventually to find a suitable investor.

This diploma thesis deals with the valuation of the four residential units in three model situations – without reconstruction, with partial reconstruction and with complete reconstruction. The valuation is done in three selected ways – cost and comparative method by price prescription and method of direct comparison. Is determined the usual price and described and analyzed real estated market in the location. A conclusion of this work is analyzed evaluating the investment in reconstruction and usability of coefficient of condition and equipment.

This study investigates the importance of Hummel as a transitional composer, pedagogue and pianist between the Classical and Romantic periods, his contribution to the development of piano technique, and his influence as a pedagogue on later generations. The bases of this study were his treatise A complete theoretical and practical course on the art of piano playing (Ausführliche theoretisch-practische Anweisung zum Pianoforte-Spiele) of 1828, his Préludes op. 67 of 1814/1815 and his 24 Grandes Études op. 125 of 1833. Hummel’s treatise is an important musicological document detailing keyboard performance practices of the 18th and early 19th century. He lived at a time when the present day piano was still evolving. The new instruments with their resulting new possibilities found expression in his 24 Grandes Études op. 125. Important sources consulted were the following:  The piano concertos of Johann Nepomuk Hummel by F.H. Mitchell (1957)  The music of J.N. Hummel: its derivations and development by R. Davis (1965)  Romantic Music: A history of musical style in the 19th century by L. Plantinga (1984)  The Kristeva Reader edited by Toril Moi (1986)  How did they play? How did they teach? by S. Soderlund (2006); and  Johann Nepomuk Hummel: a musician’s life and world by Mark Kroll (2007). Although Hummel was deeply rooted in the Classical style, his compositions displaying the hallmarks of the style galant, can be divided into two style periods. The first style period ending about 1811 shows harmonic simplicity, regularity of phrasing and elegant cantabile melody. His second period post-1811 saw the composition of works with bolder, more dissonant harmony resulting in greater chromaticism. After 1814 his piano compositions demand greater variety of tone colour, more expressive use of dynamics, rubato, and advanced technical facility of the performer. According to Mitchell (1957: 75, 76) Hummel’s art and ornamentation are related to the virtuoso technique expanded by the Viennese pianistic style of the early 19th century. Hummel developed the ornamental style further, culminating ultimately in the poetry of the tone-coloured fioritura of Chopin. One aim of the study was to reveal the individual contributions Hummel made to the changes taking place between the Classical and Romantic styles. Innovative aspects include new virtuoso technical demands that would find fruition in the études of Chopin an Liszt. His influence on Chopin was undeniable as one perceives the early distinguishing characteristics of Chopin’s style in many of the compositions of Hummel. Schumann and Liszt were familiar with the music of Hummel in their formative years and there is much evidence of Hummel’s style in their compositions. In Chapter 4 on intertextuality, Hummel’s influence on Chopin, Schumann and Liszt is examined, and in Chapter 5 his pedagogical principles as set out in his treatise are appraised. Chapter 6 is an investigation into the technical principles embodied in Hummel’s 24 Grandes Études op. 125 and their influence on the development of the Concert Étude. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Music / unrestricted

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In this thesis, we present a lattice theoretical approach to the field of approximations. Given a pair consisting of a kernel system and a closure system on an underlying lattice, one receives a lattice of approximations. We describe the theory of these lattices of approximations. Furthermore, we put a special focus on the case of concept lattices. As it turns out, approximation of formal concepts can be interpreted as traces, which are preconcepts in a subcontext.:Preface 1. Preliminaries 2. Approximations in Complete Lattices 3. Concept Approximations 4. Rough Sets List of Symbols Index Bibliography / In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir einen verbandstheoretischen Zugang zum Thema Approximieren. Ausgehend von einem Kern- und einem Hüllensystem auf einem vollständigen Verband erhält man einen Approximationsverband. Wir beschreiben die Theorie dieser Approximationsverbände. Des Weiteren liegt dabei ein Hauptaugenmerk auf dem Fall zugrundeliegender Begriffsverbände. Wie sich nämlich herausstellt, lassen sich Approximationen formaler Begriffe als Spuren auffassen, welche diese in einem vorgegebenen Teilkontext hinterlassen.:Preface 1. Preliminaries 2. Approximations in Complete Lattices 3. Concept Approximations 4. Rough Sets List of Symbols Index Bibliography

Bibliography: pages 192-195 / The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. The word α over a finite set A is said to be unavoidable for an infinite set B+ of nonempty words over a finite set B if, for all but finitely many elements w of B+, there exists a semigroup morphism φ ∶ A+ → B+ such that φ(α) is a factor of w. In this treatise, we start by presenting a historical background of results that are related to unavoidability. We present and discuss the most important theorems surrounding unavoidability in detail. We present various complexity-related properties of unavoidable words. For words that are unavoidable, we provide a constructive upper bound to the lengths of words that avoid them. In particular, for a pattern α of length n over an alphabet of size r, we give a concrete function N(n, r) such that no word of length N(n, r) over the alphabet of size r avoids α. A natural subsequent question is how many unavoidable words there are. We show that the fraction of words that are unavoidable drops exponentially fast in the length of the word. This allows us to calculate an upper bound on the number of unavoidable patterns for any given finite alphabet. Subsequently, we investigate computational aspects of unavoidable words. In particular, we exhibit concrete algorithms for determining whether a word is unavoidable. We also prove results on the computational complexity of the problem of determining whether a given word is unavoidable. Specifically, the NP-completeness of the aforementioned problem is established. / Decision Sciences / D. Phil. (Operations Research)

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular transmission, in which the thymus is considered pathogenic organ. Earlier ideas suggesting that MG is only the receptors disease have been proven wrong. There are immunopathological changes in both target structures [specific receptors for acetylcholine (AChR] muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and low-density lipoprotein 4 (Lrp4)], the thymus, as well as in peripheral lymphoid organs. Initial findings of the humoral immunity defect with the decisive role of the pathologic autoantibodies, were corrected with findings of the immune dysregulation at the level of T lymphocytes. According to today's knowledge, the development and maintenance of MG involves almost all cell types of immune function in the autoimmune inflammation: helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, regulatory CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes, Th17 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Thymus plays a dominant immunopathogenetic role in younger patients with MG, while extrathymic mechanisms are applied in older patients. As a result of that, the thymectomy (TE) is generally accepted as part of treatment for MG. However, there is still no data verified by a prospective controlled study, which would demonstrate a useful result of this treatment...

Background: Policy, systems and environmental (PSE) approaches can sustainably improve opportunities for healthy eating (HE) and active transportation (AT). PSEs require cross-sector collaboration. Adopting and implementing PSEs is complex and not well understood. Methods: First, using a national probability survey dataset of US local health departments (LHD), inclusion of HE and AT PSE strategies in local community health improvement plans (CHIPs) was examined. Next, a content analysis of current CHIP documents provided data for multilevel latent class analyses to identify classes of CHIPs based on patterns of PSE-strategy alignment with six key activities that facilitate change. Lastly, semi-structured interviews informed a qualitative exploration of early stage Complete Streets policy implementation in Worcester, Massachusetts. Results: Less than half of US LHDs reported developing a CHIP containing any HE policy (32%) or AT (46%) strategies. Two classes of CHIPs were identified: CHIPs in Class A (HE: 71%; Physical Activity (PA): 79%) simply identified a PSE solution; Class B CHIPs (HE: 29%; PA 21%) mostly included PSE strategies that comprehensively addressed multiple key activities. Six themes emerged as factors for early Complete Streets implementation. Conclusions: This mixed methods study provides a novel understanding of the status, development and implementation of PSE strategies in relation to collaborative strategic health improvement planning efforts. CHIPs are underutilized to promote PSE strategies and few CHIPs in our study developed strategies that comprehensively address the process of PSE-change. Among other factors, CHIPs may provide a guiding structure for policy adoption and implementation.