This thesis investigates the use of metaphorical language in The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda. Vivekananda is one of the most influential modern-day Hindu scholars, and his interpretation of the ancient Hindu scriptural lore is very significant. Vivekananda’s influence was part of the motivation for choosing his Complete Works as the empirical domain for the current study. Vivekananda’s Complete Works were mined using AntConc, for water-related terms which seemed to have a predilection for metaphoricity. Which terms to search for specifically was determined after a manual reading of a sample from the Complete Works. The data was then tagged, using a convention inspired by the well-known MIPVU procedure for metaphor identification. Thereafter, a representative sample of the data was chosen, and the metaphors were mapped and analysed thematically. This study had as its main aim to investigate whether Hindu religious discourse uses metaphors to explain abstract religious concepts, and if so, whether this happens in the same way as in Judaeo-Christian traditions. Furthermore, following Jäkel (2002), a set of sub-hypotheses pertaining to ubiquity, domains, models, unidirectionality, invariance, necessity, creativity and focussing is assessed. Key findings in this study include a general confirmation of the above-mentioned hypotheses, with the exception of ‘invariance’, which proved to be somewhat contentious. The data allowed for the postulation of underlying conceptual metaphors, which differed somewhat from the metaphors used in traditional Judaeo-Christian philosophy. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

The purpose of this research was to study the lived experience of being a strategic leader, described as the black box of leadership, and to extend the limited research in this field. The researcher utilised the qualitative ethnographic methodology of direct observation, observing 138 discrete critical incidents that made up the lived experience of the five strategic leaders in the sample. The researcher further utilised observation tools from the field of Neuro Linguistic Programming, personal experiences, metaphors, allegories, analogies as well as deep personal introspection to make sense of the lived experience of the five CEOs. The primary research objective was to answer the question: What do CEOs do and how do they do it? A further related objective was to explore how they think about what they do. The research answered these questions by prising open the 'black box' of the lived experience of the strategic leader. The result of the research is the pure leadership spider web model. The pure leadership spider web model breaks down the lived experience of the strategic leader, the content of the black box, into eight dimensions: the pillars that make up the personal leadership philosophy; emotional states of mind brought to bear in meetings; kinaesthetic patterns used during meetings; meeting dynamics; emotional states brought to bear on day-to-day shop-floor engagement; emotional states brought to bear on leadership engagement sessions with other like business leaders; frames of mind governing the day-to-day experiences; and The Magic Language Box. / Business Management and Entr / DBL

Cette thèse porte sur deux sujets intrinsèquement liés : le calcul de la constante de normalisation d’un champ de Markov et l’estimation de l’affinité de liaison d’un complexe de protéines. Premièrement, afin d’aborder ce problème de comptage #P complet, nous avons développé Z*, basé sur un élagage des quantités de potentiels négligeables. Il s’est montré plus performant que des méthodes de l’état de l’art sur des instances issues d’interaction protéine-protéine. Par la suite, nous avons développé #HBFS, un algorithme avec une garantie anytime, qui s’est révélé plus performant que son prédécesseur. Enfin, nous avons développé BTDZ, un algorithme exact basé sur une décomposition arborescente qui a fait ses preuves sur des instances issues d’interaction intermoléculaire appelées “superhélices”. Ces algorithmes s’appuient sur des méthodes issuse des modèles graphiques : cohérences locales, élimination de variable et décompositions arborescentes. A l’aide de méthodes d’optimisation existantes, de Z* et des fonctions d’énergie de Rosetta, nous avons développé un logiciel open source estimant la constante d’affinité d’un complexe protéine protéine sur une librairie de mutants. Nous avons analysé nos estimations sur un jeu de données de complexes de protéines et nous les avons confronté à deux approches de l’état de l’art. Il en est ressorti que notre outil était qualitativement meilleur que ces méthodes. / This thesis is focused on two intrinsically related subjects : the computation of the normalizing constant of a Markov random field and the estimation of the binding affinity of protein-protein interactions. First, to tackle this #P-complete counting problem, we developed Z*, based on the pruning of negligible potential quantities. It has been shown to be more efficient than various state-of-the-art methods on instances derived from protein-protein interaction models. Then, we developed #HBFS, an anytime guaranteed counting algorithm which proved to be even better than its predecessor. Finally, we developed BTDZ, an exact algorithm based on tree decomposition. BTDZ has already proven its efficiency on intances from coiled coil protein interactions. These algorithms all rely on methods stemming from graphical models : local consistencies, variable elimination and tree decomposition. With the help of existing optimization algorithms, Z* and Rosetta energy functions, we developed a package that estimates the binding affinity of a set of mutants in a protein-protein interaction. We statistically analyzed our esti- mation on a database of binding affinities and confronted it with state-of-the-art methods. It appears that our software is qualitatively better than these methods.

En matière de responsabilité civile des professionnels du chiffre et du droit, l’indemnisation est intégralement réalisée par l’assurance privée. Il existe donc, à cet égard, une nette différence entre l’indemnisation dans le domaine de la responsabilité médicale et dans le domaine objet de la recherche entreprise. Pourtant, les enjeux économiques y seraient d’importance supérieure. Une mutualisation optimale est souvent réalisée par les instances professionnelles du chiffre et du droit. Celles-ci ont souscrit des contrats d’assurance collective créés et proposés dès le dix-neuvième siècle par un même assureur, à présent en situation de quasi monopole de fait.De 2001 à 2010, plus de 100 000 sinistres ont été déclarés par des professionnels du chiffre et du droit auprès de cet apériteur dominant. Un échantillonnage approfondi a permis de constater que l’indemnisation n’a pas toute l’efficacité espérée, étant elle-même contrecarrée par l’action du système assurantiel de défense professionnelle fédéré autour de comités de gestion concertée. Ce système aurait ainsi pris le contrôle de l’indemnisation, de sorte à réaliser une forme d’écrasement des préjudices indemnisables, notamment par le jeu des règlements extrajudiciaires prédominants. En même temps, ce système ne serait pas toujours en mesure de protéger pleinement cette incroyable mutualisation qu’il a pourtant réalisée avec succès. En effet, une altération de la responsabilisation des professionnels assurés pourrait être à la fois la cause et la conséquence de cette importante sinistralité pour laquelle les techniques assurantielles d’autodiscipline semblent être tombées en léthargie, au détriment de l’indemnisation. / In the field of the civil liability of law and accounting practitioners, the compensation of victims is entirely carried out by a private insurer. There is, therefore, in this respect, a plain difference between compensation in the field of medical liability and compensation in the area addressed in this research. Nevertheless, the economic stakes would be rather higher. An optimal mutuality is often done by law and accounting professional bodies. They have entered into collective insurance contracts created and proposed as from the nineteenth century by a sole insurer, today in an almost situation of de facto monopoly. From 2001 to 2010, more than 100 000 claims have been declared by law and accounting professions together with the dominant insurer. A detailed sampling has enabled us to notice that the compensation does not have its entire hoped efficiency, itself being thwarted by the insurance system’s action of professional defense federated around concerted management committees. This system has therefore taken control of the compensation process, in a way to conceive a form of crushing of the prejudices entitled to compensation, mainly through amicable settlements. At the same time, the abovementioned system is not always in a position to fully protect this incredible mutuality that it has however carried out with success. The impairment which affects the responsibilization of insured practitioners could be at the same time the cause and the consequence of this important sum of claims for which the self-disciplined methods used by insurance seem to have faded, to the detriment of compensation.

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Este trabalho analisa três estratégias de hedge de opção, buscando identificar a importância da escolha da estratégia para a obtenção de um bom desempenho do hedge. O conceito de hedge é analisado de forma retrospectiva e uma teoria geral de hedge é apresentada. Em seguida são descritos alguns estudos comparativos de desempenho de estratégias de hedge de opção e suas metodologias de implementação. Para esta análise comparativa são selecionadas três estratégias de hedge de opção de compra do tipo européia: a primeira utiliza o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton de precificação de opções, a segunda utiliza uma solução de programação dinâmica para hedge dinâmico multiperiódico e a terceira utiliza um modelo GARCH para precificação de opções. As estratégias são comentadas e comparadas do ponto de vista de suas premissas teóricas e por meio de testes comparativos de desempenho. O desempenho das estratégias é comparado sob uma perspectiva dinâmicamente ajustada, multiperiódica e autofinanciável. Os dados para comparação de desempenho são gerados por simulação e o desempenho é avaliado pelos erros absolutos médios e erros quadráticos médios, resultantes na carteira de hedge. São feitas ainda considerações a respeito de alternativas de estimação e suas implicações no desempenho das estratégias. / This work analyzes three option hedging strategies, to identify the importance of choosing a strategy in order to achieve a good hedging performance. A retrospective analysis of the concept of hedging is conducted and a general hedging theory is presented. Following, some comparative papers of hedging performance and their implementation methodologies are described. For the present comparative analysis, three hedging strategies for European options have been selected: the first one based on the Black-Scholes-Merton model for option pricing, the second one based on a dynamic programming solution for dynamic multiperiod hedging and the third one based on a GARCH model for option pricing. The strategies are compared under their theoric premisses and through comparative performance testes. The performances of the strategies are compared under a dynamically adjusted multiperiodic and self-financing perspective. Data for performance comparison are generated by simulation and performance is evaluated by mean absolute errors and mean squared errors resulting on the hedging portfolio. An analysis is also done regarding estimation approaches and their implications over the performance of the strategies.

Some CBC parameters have been implicated in individual susceptibility to death, both in heart disease and cardiac surgery populations. The cellular elements of blood are widely affected during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), technique used in cardiac surgery. A Complete Blood Count called Risk Score (CBC-RS) was calculated from the average of the deviations of the various elements of the CBC and has been previously validated and published. The CBC-RS showed as excellent predictor of death from all causes in large healthy and cardiovascular risk populations. Despite the effect of CPB on the blood cells, there is no acknowledgement from the prior assessment of this score in the surgical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CBC-RS in the surgical risk prediction (mortality and morbidity) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. For this, it was evaluated a historical cohort of 428 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. The individual CBC-RS was calculated using the collected blood count of patients preoperatively. Logistic regression and statistical C analyzed the predictive accuracy of this score. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality (all-cause) and secondary outcomes included the majors and bleeding complications. In our study, CBC-RS was a predictor of hospital mortality (OR = 1.28 for each score increments, 95% CI = 1123-1458, p <0.001) and secondary outcomes (OR = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.103 to 1.323, p <0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC) was 0.697 (p <0.001) and 0.636 (p <0.001) for both the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for other risk predictors (EuroSCORE II and CPB time), the CBC-RS remained significant and was the strongest predictor of mortality. Therefore, the CBC-RS proved to be an independent predictor of mortality and surgical complications during hospitalization. It may be a useful tool in risk assessment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. / Dentre os diversos parâmetros fornecidos pelo hemograma, alguns já foram implicados em aumento da suscetibilidade individual à morte, tanto em pacientes com patologias cardíacas quanto os submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Os elementos celulares do sangue são amplamente afetados durante a circulação extracorpórea (CEC), técnica usada nas cirurgias cardíacas. Um escore calculado a partir dos desvios da média dos diversos componentes do hemograma foi previamente validado, publicado e chamado de Complete Blood Count Risk Score (CBC-RS). O CBC-RS se mostrou excelente preditor de morte por todas as causas em grandes populações saudáveis ou com fatores de risco cardiovascular. Apesar do efeito da CEC sobre as células sanguíneas, não se tem conhecimento da avaliação prévia deste escore no contexto cirúrgico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o papel do CBC-RS na predição de risco cirúrgico (mortalidade e morbidade hospitalar) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC. Para isso, uma coorte histórica de 428 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC foi avaliada. O CBC-RS individual foi calculado utilizando o hemograma coletado dos pacientes no pré-operatório. A acurácia preditora deste escore foi analisada através regressão logística e estatística C. O desfecho primário avaliado foi a mortalidade hospitalar (por todas as causas) e os desfechos secundários incluíram as complicações maiores e sangramento. Em nosso estudo, o CBC-RS foi um preditor de mortalidade hospitalar (OR = 1,28 por cada aumento de pontuação do CBC-RS, IC 95% = 1.123 - 1.458, p <0,001) e dos desfechos secundários (OR = 1,208, IC 95% = 1,103 - 1,323, p <0,001). As áreas sob a curva (AUC) foram 0,697 (p <0,001) e 0,636 (p <0,001) para os desfechos primário e secundário, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, após ajuste para preditores de risco pré-operatório (EuroSCORE II) e transoperatório (tempo de CEC) conhecidos, o CBC-RS permaneceu significativo e foi o preditor de mortalidade mais forte. Sendo assim, o CBC-RS se mostrou um preditor independente da mortalidade e complicações cirúrgicas no período hospitalar, podendo representar uma ferramenta útil na avaliação de risco de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca.

Nous établissons des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes d’existence et d’infinie divisibilité pour des processus ponctuels alpha-déterminantaux et, lorsque alpha est positif, pour leur intensité sous-jacente (en tant que processus de Cox). Dans le cas où l’espace est fini, ces distributions correspondent à des lois binomiales, négatives binomiales et gamma multidimensionnelles. Nous étudions de façon approfondie ces deux derniers cas avec un noyau non nécessairement symétrique. / We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and infinite divisibility of alpha-determinantal processes and, when alpha is positive, of their underlying intensity (as Cox process). When the space is finite, these distributions correspond to multidimensional binomial, negative binomial and gamma distributions. We make an in-depth study of these last two cases with a non necessarily symmetric kernel.

The thesis deals with stochastic and algebraic aspects of the integer convex hull. In the first part, the intrinsic volumes of the randomized integer convex hull are investigated. In particular, we obtained an exact asymptotic order of the expected intrinsic volumes difference in a smooth convex body and a tight inequality for the expected mean width difference. In the algebraic part, an exact formula for the Bhattacharya function of complete primary monomial ideas in two variables is given. As a consequence, we derive an effective characterization for complete monomial ideals in two variables.

The gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner contains 1374 sample numbers for 25 different minerals with 38 gemological varieties, including 15 newly added numbers of samples, which were not recorded in the original catalog of 1823. In total, 168 samples were recorded as lost by the later researchers, 4 samples were taken for the chain for the rector of the university, samples of 2 different numbers in the catalog were exchanged for cut stones, and 3 times’ volume requisitions happened. A total of 256 sample numbers show discrepancies and therefore are not in accordance with the original record in the catalog. In the collection, 6.8% of the numbers are rock sample with embedded crystals, 20.7% of the numbers are in the form of crystal, 30.6% of the numbers are fragments, 11.6% of the numbers are grains, and the remaining 711 samples are cut. Except for Esa. No. 644a containing four cushion cut samples, all faceted cuts were recorded in the original catalog of 1823. However, the brilliant, oval, step, emerald, scissor, and radiant cut forms were invented after the gemological collection of Werner, which means 189 samples do probably not belong to the original collection. They could be from another collection due to the requisitions, or the later researchers of the collection added or exchanged the samples with new ones. The mineral names of the catalog from 1823 refer to Werner's mineral system, some of the mineral's names are not used anymore. With the development of mineralogy and gemology, the special names of the gemstones as varieties of minerals are gradually standardized. 51 samples are wrong identifications and 8 pieces of glass have been recognized. The zircon samples of the collection provide a research resource for the study of metamictization. Both color and density of zircon could be an indicator of the metamictization degree. The metamictization has a significant influence on the gemological properties of zircon. The green tone and low density cannot be considered as an identifying characteristic of metamict zircon, although they are still a sign of metamictization. Comparing six mineralogical or geological collections at Werner’s time, the catalogs of five collections used his nomenclature of samples and only the catalog of the mineralogical collection of Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf is geographical. To his time the outstanding gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner represented the broadest quantity of gemological varieties. A modern gemological database of the collection has been founded, the meta-data provides an important base for further research and development.:Acknowledgements I Abstract III Table of Contexts IV List of figures VI List of tables VII 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Abraham Gottlob Werner 1 1.2 The mineral system of Werner 1 1.3 The gemological collection of Werner 3 2. Methods 6 2.1 Specific gravity (SG) measurements 6 2.1.1 Hydrostatic weighing 6 2.1.2 He-pycnometer 6 2.2 Color 6 2.2.1 Munsell color system 7 2.2.2 The CIE L*C*h color system 8 2.3 The optical measurements 9 2.3.1 Polariscope 9 2.3.2 Refractometer 10 2.3.3 Dichroscope 11 2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test 12 2.5 Raman spectroscopy 12 3. New model for the inventory of the gemological collection of Werner 13 4. Discussion 16 4.1 Cut cutting in the course of time 16 4.2 Classification of gemstones 24 4.2.1 Individual names of gemstones 25 4.2.2 Different identifications with the catalog of 1823 29 4.2.3 Imitation of gemstones 31 4.3 Raman spectrum study of zircons 32 4.4 Comparison of the outstanding Werner Collection with other collections in the second half of 18th century 39 4.4.1 The natural history collection of Linck family (1638-1807) 39 4.4.2 The Minerals cabinet of Eugen Pabst von Ohain (1718-1784) 40 4.4.3 The natural history collection of the University of Rostock 40 4.4.4 The mineralogical collection of Adolf Traugott von Gersdorf (1744-1807) 41 4.4.5 The mineralogical, geological and paleontological collection of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) 42 4.4.6 Summary of the additional collections to Werner's time 43 5. Summary 44 Reference 46 Appendix A 59 Appendix B 63 Appendix C 67