published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν η ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση ενός προγράμματος πολυμέσων για την εκμάθηση των φυσικών αρχών της μαγνητικής τομογραφίας από μεταπτυχιακούς φοιτητές της Ιατρικής Φυσικής του Πανεπιστημίου της Πάτρας. Η ανάπτυξη του εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος έγινε με την χρήση κατάλληλου προγράμματος συγγραφής πολυμέσων. Δεκαοχτώ μεταπτυχιακοί φοιτητές της Ιατρικής Φυσικής κατατάχτηκαν τυχαία σε δύο ομάδες, την ομάδα των υπολογιστών και την ομάδα του βιβλίου. Όλοι οι συμμετέχοντες αξιολογήθηκαν με ένα τεστ με ερωτήσεις πολλαπλής επιλογής 2 εβδομάδες πριν την αρχή των παραδόσεων, στο τέλος των παραδόσεων και ένα μήνα μετά το τέλος των παραδόσεων. Επιπλέον συμπλήρωσαν ερωτηματολόγια για την αξιολόγηση των στάσεων και πεποιθήσεων τους σχετικά με την χρήση υπολογιστών στην εκπαίδευση. Οι βαθμολογίες των δύο ομάδων συγκρίθηκαν με την βοήθεια της στατιστικής δοκιμασίας ANOVA. Το εκπαιδευτικό πρόγραμμα που αναπτύχτηκε αποτελείται από 6 ενότητες για την διδασκαλία πολύπλοκων φυσικών αρχών MRI με την βοήθεια animation. Κάθε ενότητα περιλαμβάνει ένα τεστ και οι επιδόσεις των χρηστών μπορούν να καταγραφούν και να αναλυθούν με ένα ξεχωριστό πρόγραμμα. Στην ενότητα που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την αξιολόγηση οι φοιτητές της ομάδας με τους υπολογιστές πέτυχαν στατιστικά υψηλότερους βαθμούς (Μ=80.5, SD=9.4) από τους σπουδαστές με το βιβλίο (M=61.3, SD=12.5, p=.003). Επιπλέον οι φοιτητές των υπολογιστών φαίνεται να εκτιμούν περισσότερο την εκμάθηση μέσω της χρήσης υπολογιστών συγκριτικά με τους σπουδαστές της ομάδας του βιβλίου (p=.230). Οι απόψεις των φοιτητών για την επέκταση της χρήσης των πολυμέσων στην ιατρική φυσική εστιάζονται σε θέματα σχετικά με τα κίνητρα, τις εκπαιδευτικές δυνατότητες και την αξία του περιεχομένου. Τα αναφερθέντα μειονεκτήματα ήταν ελάχιστα, και ήταν επικεντρωμένα κυρίως σε τεχνικά θέματα και σε μαθησιακές δυσκολίες. Η εκπαίδευση με χρήση πολυμέσων είναι χρήσιμη και επικουρική μέθοδος για την εκμάθηση των φυσικών αρχών MRI από μεταπτυχιακούς φοιτητές. Η παρούσα μελέτη έδειξε ότι η χρήση κατάλληλων προγραμμάτων πολυμέσων βελτιώνει την κατανόηση πολύ περισσότερο συγκριτικά με παραδοσιακές μεθόδους μάθησης. / The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate an interactive multimedia computer based instructional package in MRI physics and to provide first year medical physics postgraduate students of University of Patras with an interactive means of self-study and self-evaluation. An authoring system was used to develop the courseware package. Eighteen postgraduate medical physics students were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive instruction on the same topic from a textbook and an interactive computer module. Participants were evaluated by a multiple choice test 2 weeks before the lectures, at the end of the lectures and by a retention test 1 month after the end. They also completed questionnaires to elicit their attitudes toward the two instructional methods. Mean test scores of the textbook and computer groups were compared by means of analysis of variance. The developed MRI program is a suite of 6 interactive modules designed to dynamically teach complex MRI concepts using media-rich animations. All modules include a quiz and since patterns of use by student can be recorded a Log Decryption utility and a Log Reader utility was also developed. The tested module demonstrated that students in the computer group (M=80.5, SD=9.4) scored significantly higher on their post-test when compared with the textbook group (M=61.3, SD=12.5, p=.003). Furthermore students in the computer group seem to appreciate multimedia modules more compared to textbook students (p=.003). There were no differences noted between method of instruction and learner satisfaction (p=.230). Students’ rationale for expanding the use of multimedia in physics education seemed to focus on issues concerning motivation, instructional capabilities and content value. The disadvantages reported were few, their prevalence considerably small, especially after the intervention and were mostly focused on technical issues and some difficulties in learning. Computer aided instruction is a useful and effective aid for teaching MRI principles to postgraduate students. The study demonstrated that the inclusion of properly designed multimedia modules enhance conceptual understanding far more than do traditional methods.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_PEINADO_01_12_08.pdf: 417065 bytes, checksum: ab5875dd3fc555ebb31ba53d1e7e5350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-08 / The main aim of this research is at contributing to the improvement of teaching learning process based on the educator´s communication concepts by Paulo Freire. This study was developed through an investigation limited to the Business Administration students from a private educational institution, in Maringa, Parana State, Brazil. It focused on verifying the dialogical relation between teacher and student when mediated by the internet. In the latest years, it has gained an academic representation as a source of information and interactivity, becoming an important discussion in the developing process of students and teachers. This proposal originated from the analysis of the communication as a field of knowledge or the education for the media and the education through the media; the relation between the media and the student in question the internet user; the relation among teaching, research and information, and the use of didactic pedagogical resources in knowledge construction process. / O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento de procedimentos de ensino/aprendizagem dentro do conceito de comunicação do educador Paulo Freire. O estudo desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisa centrada aos alunos do curso de Administração de Empresas em uma instituição particular de ensino de Maringá, no Estado do Paraná, verificando a relação professor e aluno, quando mediatizados pela Internet. Este meio nos últimos anos ganhou representatividade acadêmica enquanto fonte de informação e interatividade, tornando-se importante sua discussão no processo de desenvolvimento de alunos e professores. O estudo partiu da análise da comunicação como campo do conhecimento ou a educação para os meios e, ainda, a educação através dos meios; a relação entre a mídia e o sujeito internauta, a relação entre ensino, pesquisa e informação e a utilização de recursos didático-pedagógicos na construção do conhecimento. Os resultados expressam uma preocupação dos alunos com a qualidade do que é pesquisado na internet e a forma como organizam seus trabalhos de pesquisa. A internet é apontada como o principal meio utilizado em suas pesquisas acadêmicas pela facilidade com que conseguem se informar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_PEINADO_01_12_08.pdf: 417065 bytes, checksum: ab5875dd3fc555ebb31ba53d1e7e5350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-08 / The main aim of this research is at contributing to the improvement of teaching learning process based on the educator´s communication concepts by Paulo Freire. This study was developed through an investigation limited to the Business Administration students from a private educational institution, in Maringa, Parana State, Brazil. It focused on verifying the dialogical relation between teacher and student when mediated by the internet. In the latest years, it has gained an academic representation as a source of information and interactivity, becoming an important discussion in the developing process of students and teachers. This proposal originated from the analysis of the communication as a field of knowledge or the education for the media and the education through the media; the relation between the media and the student in question the internet user; the relation among teaching, research and information, and the use of didactic pedagogical resources in knowledge construction process. / O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento de procedimentos de ensino/aprendizagem dentro do conceito de comunicação do educador Paulo Freire. O estudo desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisa centrada aos alunos do curso de Administração de Empresas em uma instituição particular de ensino de Maringá, no Estado do Paraná, verificando a relação professor e aluno, quando mediatizados pela Internet. Este meio nos últimos anos ganhou representatividade acadêmica enquanto fonte de informação e interatividade, tornando-se importante sua discussão no processo de desenvolvimento de alunos e professores. O estudo partiu da análise da comunicação como campo do conhecimento ou a educação para os meios e, ainda, a educação através dos meios; a relação entre a mídia e o sujeito internauta, a relação entre ensino, pesquisa e informação e a utilização de recursos didático-pedagógicos na construção do conhecimento. Os resultados expressam uma preocupação dos alunos com a qualidade do que é pesquisado na internet e a forma como organizam seus trabalhos de pesquisa. A internet é apontada como o principal meio utilizado em suas pesquisas acadêmicas pela facilidade com que conseguem se informar.

Obwohl das Angebot von Feedback in Lehr-Lernsituationen eine wichtige instruktionale Maßnahme darstellt,um Lernende in ihrem Lernprozess zu unterstützen, wird dessen Potenzial in multimedialen Lernumgebungen nur selten optimal genutzt. Feedback, welches in aller Regel im Anschluss an die Bearbeitung von Lernaufgaben bereitgestellt wird und den Lerner über die Qualität seiner Aufgabenbearbeitung informiert, beschränkt sich häufig auf die Bereitstellung einer richtig/falsch Rückmeldung mit einem sich anschließenden, zusätzlichen Lösungsversuch bzw. der Präsentation der richtigen Lösung. Als prototypisch für diese Art der Feedbackgestaltung erweist sich das in mathematischer Grundschulsoftware implementierte Feedback. Der Lerner erhält weder Informationen zu dem Ort und der Art des Fehlers noch einen Hinweis auf die korrekte Lösungsstrategie. Vor diesem Hintergrund bestand ein zentrales Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit in der Entwicklung von fehlerspezifischem informativem tutoriellem Feedback (ITF) für die schriftliche Subtraktion auf der Grundlage des heuristischen Feedbackmodells von Narciss (2004) und der aus diesem Modell abgeleiteten Gestaltungsprinzipien für ITF. Obwohl allgemein erwartet wird, dass informatives Feedback lernwirksamer ist als Feedback, welches nur die richtige Lösung präsentiert, konnte diese Annahme durch die Ergebnisse der empirischen Feedbackforschung bisher nicht bestätigt werden. So ist die Feedbackforschung durch eine inkonsistente Befundlage gekennzeichnet. Vor diesem empirischen Hintergrund bestand ein weiteres zentrales Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit in der Überprüfung der Effektivität des entwickelten fehlerspezifischen ITFs hinsichtlich verschiedener Lern- und motivationaler Parameter. Fehlerspezifisches ITF zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass bei fehlerhaften Aufgabenlösungen Informationen angeboten werden, die auf der Grundlage einer kognitiven Anforderungs- und Fehleranalyse als korrekturrelevant identifiziert worden waren. Diese korrekturrelevanten Informationen werden dem Lernenden ohne Bekanntgabe der korrekten Lösung präsentiert, so dass sich dieser dazu aufgefordert sieht, die bereitgestellten strategischen Informationen in einem erneuten Lösungsversuch unmittelbar anzuwenden. In zwei Studien mit Viertklässlern wurde dieses computergestützte ITF im Hinblick auf seine Lern- und motivationale Wirksamkeit evaluiert. In der ersten Studie (N = 30) erfolgte diese Evaluation gegen eine Feedbackbedingung, welche das üblicherweise in mathematischer Lernsoftware realisierte Knowledge of Response und Knowledge of Correct Response (KR-KCR) Feedback präsentierte. In der zweiten Studie (N = 105) wurden zwei zusätzliche Feedbackbedingungen "Knowledge about Mistake (KR-KM) und Knowledge on How to proceed (KR-KH)" aufgenommen. Diese sind in ihrem Informationsgehalt zwischen dem ITF und dem KR-KCR Feedbackalgorithmus anzusiedeln. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien bestätigen die postulierte Lern- und motivationale Wirksamkeit des fehlerspezifischen ITFs für die schriftliche Subtraktion. Besonders im Vergleich zu der wenig informativen KR-KCR Feedbackbedingung konnten in beiden Studien signifikante Wirksamkeitsunterschiede nachgewiesen werden. Auch im Vergleich zu den komplexeren Feedbackformen Knowledge about mistake (KR-KM) und Knowledge on how to proceed (KR-KH) konnten für die Schüler der ITF Bedingung bessere Leistungen beobachtet werden, auch wenn diese Unterschiede nur partiell signifikant wurden. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, dass es möglich ist, auf der Grundlage des von Narciss (2004) vorgestellten Feedbackmodells und der aus diesem Feedbackmodell abgeleiteten Gestaltungsprinzipien lern- und motivationsförderliches ITF zu entwickeln. So liefern die Ergebnisse beider Studien erste empirische Belege für die Annahme, dass informatives Feedback nicht nur den Lernprozess unterstützt, sondern auch motivationsförderlich wirkt. / Feedback is considered to be an important factor to promote learning and motivation with computer-based training tools. However the findings of studies on the effectiveness of feedback are rather inconsistent. One reason for these inconsistent findings might be that the implementation of feedback is more based on intuition than on well-founded design principles. Therefore the aims of the present work was (1) to develop theoretical well-founded elaborated feedback forms for a procedural skill like the written subtraction, (2) to implement them in an adaptive feedback algorithm that induces the mindful processing of feedback, and (3) to evaluate this elaborated feedback regarding his impact on learning and motivation. Using results from prior feedback research and from cognitive task and error analysis of written subtraction tasks, information relevant to the correction of typical systematic errors (e.g. location of error, source of error, type of error and hints to the correct solution strategy) were selected. This information was used to design different types of bug-related feedback messages. These different feedback messages were arranged in an adaptive bug-related algorithm presenting three levels of feedback with increasing informational value to support the learner in finding the correct solution on his own. Because the developed feedback allows assisted multiple response attempts for an item by providing relevant information for error correction, but no immediate Knowledge of Correct Response (KCR) feedback, and by encouraging the learner to apply the corrective information to a further attempt, this kind of feedback was called bug-related "informative tutoring feedback (ITF)". In two computer-based learning experiments cognitive and motivational effects of this bug-related ITF were evaluated with forth-grade students with difficulties in written subtraction. In the first study (N=30) the bug-related ITF was compared to the effects of a standard Knowledge of Result-Knowledge of Correct Response feedback (KR-KCR) algorithm. In the second study (N=105) two additional feedback algorithms - Knowledge about Mistake (KR-KM) und Knowledge on How to proceed (KR-KH) - were implemented. These both feedback algorithms range between the bug-related ITF and the simple KR-KCR feedback regarding to their amount of information. In both studies significant positive effects of the bug-related ITF compared to the KR-KCR feedback could be found. Regarding to the more informative KR-KM and KR-KH feedback a positive effect of the bug-related ITF could be showed sporadic. These results are discussed in detail.

Depuis la loi du 11 février 2005 pour « l’égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées », l’École s’est engagée sur la voie de l’inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap. Pour répondre à la nécessité de rendre accessibles les apprentissages à ces élèves, l'Education Nationale finance notamment du « matériel pédagogique adapté ». Plus spécifiquement, la possibilité offerte aux élèves dyslexiques de contourner ou de surmonter leurs difficultés en langage écrit grâce à l’utilisation d’aides technologiques ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d’apprentissage et d’enseignement mais suscite aussi bon nombre d’interrogations. Au coeur de notre thèse qui s’inscrit dans ce contexte, nous conduisons une étude sur l’efficacité des outils de compensation attribués aux élèves dyslexiques et dysorthographiques scolarisés dans le second degré, corrélée à leurs contextes d’usage et d’appropriation. Le recours à deux démarches, l’une expérimentale, comprenant des tests de lecture et d’écriture, et l’autre compréhensive, combinant les questionnaires et les entretiens semidirigées, permet d’aborder les phénomènes et les enjeux qui s’opèrent dans l’utilisation des outils informatiques par les adolescents dyslexiques dans le cadre de leur apprentissage de la lecture et de l’écriture en classe ordinaire. Par l’analyse et le croisement de l’ensemble des données recueillies, nous tentons de décrire les facteurs personnels et environnementaux qui sous-tendent la réalisation du projet de compensation et de mettre en lumière les obstacles et les facilitateurs à l’utilisation efficace des aides technologiques. L’approche de la complexité des processus et des interactions en jeu dans la mise en oeuvre du projet de compensation nous permet finalement d’exposer quels sont les leviers fondamentaux et indispensables à un usage efficient des outils informatiques en classe par les élèves dyslexiques-dysorthographiques mais aussi de proposer les axes dominants d’un contexte éducatif inclusif susceptible de soutenir leur usage. / Since the act of February 11, 2005 on equal rights and opportunities and the inclusion and citizenship of the disabled was passed, French schools have embarked on the path of the inclusion of pupils with disabilities. To respond to the need of making learning accessible to these pupils, the French Education system does finance some appropriate educational learning materials. More precisely, the opportunity for dyslexic pupils to avoid or overcome the difficulties with written language thanks to new technologies opens up new prospects for learning and teaching but also raises concerns.At the very core of this thesis lies the study I have carried out on the effectiveness of those compensatory tools given to dyslexic and dysorthographic pupils in secondary education depending on the way they use these tools and become familiar with them. Two different approaches have been used, one being experimental including reading and writing tests and the other one being comprehensive combining questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Both have permitted to identify the phenomena and the issues related to those pupils’ use of computer tools when they learn how to read and write in a mainstream class. By analysing and crossing data, I have tried to describe the personal and environmental factors which lead to the successful completion of the compensatory project and to identify the barriers but also the facilitators leading to a more effective use of these technological tools.Examining the complexity of the processes and the interactions involved in a compensatory project not only helps to identify key leverage actions to enhance the effectiveness of the use of computer tools but also permits to define priority axes to create an inclusive learning environment that is most likely to support this usage.

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Intermediate calculus bridges secondary school and advanced university mathematics courses. Most mathematics education research literatures indicated that the conceptual knowledge in intermediate calculus has challenged first year undergraduate mathematics and science learners to a great extent through the lecture method. The content knowledge attained by them has been tremendously decreasing. Negative attitude exhibited by students toward calculus was highly influenced by the lecture method used. Generally, students have not looked at the learning of all mathematics courses offered in universities as normal as other courses. Due to this lack of background conceptual knowledge in learners, they have been highly frustrated by the learning of advanced mathematics courses. Taking the understanding of teaching and learning challenge of conceptual knowledge of calculus into consideration, Ethiopian public universities have been encouraging instructors to devise and implement active learning methods through any professional development training opportunity. The training was aimed to enhance learners’ content knowledge and attitude towards calculus. This is one of the main reasons for the motivation of this study that experimental group learners were allowed to be nurtured by the lecture method in their mainstream class, and then also the active learning intervention method integrated with GeoGebra in the mathematics laboratory class. Only conventional lecture method was used to teach the comparison group in both the mainstream and mathematics laboratory class. The purpose of the study was to explore the Gambari and Yusuf (2016) stimulus of the jigsaw co-operative learning method combined with GeoGebra (JCLGS) on statistics and chemistry learners’ content knowledge improvement and change of their attitude towards calculus. The post-positivism mixed methods tactic was used in a non-equivalent pre- and post-test comparison group quasi-experimental design. The population of the study was the whole freshman mathematics and science degree program learners of two public universities in Ethiopia in 2017. Samples of the size 150 in both the experimental and comparison groups were drawn utilizing two-stage random sampling technique. A questionnaire using a Likert-scale on attitudes and an achievement test were sources used for data collection. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics conducting an independent samples t-test and a Two Way ANOVA for repeated measures using SPSS23. Each of the findings on content knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and procedural knowledge development produced through the TWO-Way ANOVA, respectively as F(1,148)=80.917; 𝜂2=.353; p<.01, F(1,148)=106.913; 𝜂2=.419; p<.01, and F(1,148)=7.328; 𝜂2=.047; p<.01, revealed a statistically significant difference between the treatment and comparison groups from pre-test to post-test. These findings show that the experimental group participants were highly beneficial in developing their content knowledge and conceptual knowledge through the active learning approach and technology-based learning strategy using Vygotsky’s socio-cultural learning theory. The JCLGS learning environment representing Vygotsky’s socio-cultural learning theory modestly influenced the procedural knowledge learning of the experimental group learners’. Although the lecture method affected the comparison group students’ knowledge development in calculus during the academic semester, the impact was not comparable to that of the active learning approach and technology-based learning strategy. The major reason for this was the attention and care given to the active learning intervention integrated with GeoGebra by the researcher, data collectors, and research participants. Overall findings showed that the active learning intervention allowed the experimental group students to considerably enhance their conceptual knowledge and content knowledge in calculus. Learners also positively changed their opinion towards calculus and GeoGebra. The intervention was a group interactive environment that allowed students’ to be reflective, share prior experience and knowledge, and independent learners. As a matter of fact, educators are advised to model such a combination of active learning approach and technology-based learning strategy in their classroom instructional setting and practices. Consequently, their learners will adequately benefit to understand the subject matter and positively change their opinion towards university mathematics. / Mathematics Education / Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)