Cette étude a été réalisée dans les Alpes-Maritimes, dans le SE de la France, avec le Bar-Sur-Loup comme zone d'étude, afin de tester une approche multidisciplinaire d’analyse de risque, de vulnérabilité et de résilience dans le domaine des risques naturels. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser l’évolution des glissements de terrain superficiels, en réponse aux différents scénarios d’évolution de la quantité d’eau souterraine en fonction de la variation du climat régional, et d’étudier la vulnérabilité territoriale de différents éléments de notre zone d’étude exposés à ces glissements de terrains de surface, combiné à une approche de résilience territoriale. Les modèles conceptuels de vulnérabilité territoriale et de la résilience ont été développés. Les résultats ont été présentés sous la forme de cartes de aléas, la vulnérabilité, la résilience et risque territorial / This study was conducted within Alps-Maritimes located SE of France, where Le Bar-Sur-Loup was pilot study area to test multidisciplinary approach to analyze hazard, vulnerability and resilience under risk domains. The principal aim of this study was to use an integrated approach and methodology to identify and analyze shallow landslides evolution in response to different ground water rise scenarios due to regional climate variability, and predicts territorial vulnerabilities of different territorial elements exposed to shallow landslides hazard with combine approach of territorial resilience. Conceptual model of territorial vulnerability and territorial resilience were developed based on identified territorial elements. Results were presented as maps of hazard, territorial vulnerability, and territorial resilience and risk

Historically, the paper market has consisted of few customers with high demands. However, the market has changed and nowadays it consists of many customer with lower demands, which causes problems in the warehouse process of Braviken Papermill. The main problem is that the utilization rates in the storage bays are low due to the relatively large bays compared to the order quantities. The purpose of this project is to develop a new set of bays that fits the current market and increases the utilization rates. The goal of the new set is to decrease the amount of manual operations and instead use the full potential of the allocation system.    The new set of bays consist of four bay types, dimensioned for 2, 4, 8 and 16 reel stacks respectively. Several experiments are done, and the new set of bays performs better than the current one, in terms of the utilization rates for storage events in the bays. The average utilization rate is significantly higher for the new set compared to the current. A decrease in effective storage space can be compensated by an increased degree of utilization. Also, it is beneficial with more and smaller bays in a market situation like the one of Holmen Paper.

Recently cognitive principles have been discussed for Conceptual Modeling with the aim to increase domain understanding, model comprehension and modeling efficiency. In particular, the principle of Perceptual Discriminability, which discusses the visual differences of modeling constructs, reveals potential for model comprehension if human attention is influenced in a way that important modeling constructs are more easily detected, and can hence faster be processed. Yet, so far no conditions how the human gaze can be influenced have been defined and evaluated for Conceptual Modeling. This dissertation extends Perceptual Discriminability for conditions to attract human attention for those constructs that are important for model comprehension. Furthermore, these conditions are applied to constructs of two different modeling grammars in general as well as to elements of the process flow of Business Process Models. To evaluate the results a laboratory experiment of extended Perceptual Discriminability is described in which significant differences have been identified for process flow comprehension. For the demonstration of the potential of extended Perceptual Discriminability BPMN secondary notation is improved by emphasizing those constructs that are most important for model comprehension. Therefore, those constructs that are important for model comprehension have been identified within a content analysis and have been worked on according to the conditions of extended Perceptual Discriminability for those visual variables that are free for an application in secondary notation.:Preface ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv Table of Figures v List of Tables vi List of Abbreviations vii Part 1 - Summary Paper 1 1. Motivation 2 2. Research design 7 2.1 Research objectives 7 2.2 Scope 9 2.3 Research method 11 3. Structure of the dissertation 13 4. Contribution to theory and practice 17 5. Future Research Ideas 19 Part 2 - Publications 20 Publication 1 21 Publication 2 22 Publication 3 23 Publication 4 24 Publication 5 25 Publication 6 26 Literature 27 Part 3 - Appendix 30

This volume contains contribution form the refereed “MobIS 2010” main program and selected papers of its tracks. The conference on information systems modeling was held in Dresden September 15-17, 2010. The guiding theme for MobIS 2010 focused on modeling topics between model-based management and component and service engineering.:Vorwort..................................................................................................................7 Modellgestütztes Management Esswein Werner, Stark Jeannette, Schlieter Hannes The selection of modeling grammars...................................................................13 Trojahner Iris, Weller Jens, Fürstenau Bärbel, Esswein Werner Der Einfluss von Modellierungswerkzeugen auf Qualität und Quantität von Modellen – Eine empirische Untersuchung.........................................................29 Weller Jens, Helbig Michaela, Großmann Knut Eine Methode fu!r den praktischen Einsatz von Konfigurationsmanagement in verteilten Modellierungsprojekten.......................................................................47 Fengel Janina, Rebstock Michael Domänensemantik-orientierte Integration heterogener konzeptueller Modelle................................................................................................................63 Bögel Stephan, Esswein Werner Vertikale Modellintegration in Rahmenwerken – Evaluation von Integrationsansätzen und Untersuchung der Implementierbarkeit anhand eines Fallbeispiels.........................................................................................................79 Fellmann Michael, Hogrebe Frank, Thomas Oliver, Nüttgens Markus An ontology-driven approach to support semantic verification in business process modeling.................................................................................................99 Juhrisch Martin, Dietz Gunnar Context-based Modeling: Introducing a Novel Modeling Approach................111 Strecker Stefan, Heise David, Frank Ulrich Toward modeling constructs for audit risk assessment: Reflections on internal controls modeling..............................................................................................131 Schlieter Hannes, Bürger Maik, Esswein Werner Konstruktion eines adaptiven Referenzmodells für den ambulanten Sektor.....149 Deindl Matthias, Naß Eric, Beckhoff Tim Anwendung der enhanced Telecom Operations Map auf Dienstleistungsunternehmen in der Stromwirtschaft am Beispiel eines Prozesses im Bereich Messwesen.........................................................................................................171 Komponentenorientierte betriebliche Anwendungssysteme Schrödl Holger Service- und komponentenorientierte Informationssystemarchitekturen für die strategische Beschaffung von hybriden Produkten – ein Vergleichsrahmen.....................................................................................195 Houy Constantin, Reiter Markus, Fettke Peter, Loos Peter Potentiale serviceorientierter Architekturen für Software-Werkzeuge des Geschäftsprozessmanagements..........................................................................211 Sadek Tim, Meuris Daniel Datentechnische Integration und Visualisierung von Anforderungen innerhalb von CAD-Systemen...........................................................................................229

The accuracy of numerical models analyzing hydrologic and hydraulic processes depends largely on how well the input terrain data represents the earth's surface. Modelers obtain terrain data for a study area by performing surveys or by gathering historical survey data. If a modeler desires to create a predictive model to simulate the addition of man-made features such as channels, embankments and pits, he must modify the terrain data to include these features. Doing this by hand is tedious and time consuming. In 2001 Christensen implemented a tool in the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS) software package for integrating man-made geometric features into surveyed terrain data. He called this process feature stamping. While Christensen's feature stamping algorithms decrease the time and effort required to integrate geometric features into existing terrain data, they only function on centerline-based features having a constant trapezoidal cross-section. In addition to placing geometric limitations on the features they stamp, Christensen's feature stamping algorithms also possess several instabilities. These instabilities arise when stamping features that leave the bounds of the terrain data, and when modifying and re-stamping features that have already been stamped. This thesis presents changes and enhancements made to Christensen's feature stamping algorithms. These changes and enhancements completely eliminate the instabilities found in Christensen's feature stamping algorithms and make it possible for numerical modelers to stamp more complex geometric features having compound slopes, asymmetric cross-sections and varying cross-sections along their length. Finally, additional feature stamping algorithms make it possible to stamp radial features such as mounds and pits.

Because XML has become a new standard for data representation, there is a need for a simple conceptual model that works well with XML-based development. In this research we present a conceptual model for XML, called C-XML, which meets this new need of systems analysts who store their data using XML. We describe our implementation of an automatic conversion from XML Schema to C-XML that preserves information and constraints. With this conversion, we can view an XML Schema instance graphically at a higher level of abstraction. We also describe our implementation of an automatic conversion from C-XML to XML Schema. Our con- version preserves information and constraints as long as we count the special C-XML comments that we insert in an XML-Schema instance to capture the constraints in C-XML that are not representable in XML Schema. In connection with defining C- XML and implementing conversions between C-XML and XML Schema, we are also able to make several insightful observations. We point out ways in which C-XML is more expressive than XML Schema, and we make recommendations for extending XML Schema. We also point out ways in which XML Schema is more expressive than conceptual models, and we make recommendations for augmenting traditional con- ceptual models to better accommodate XML. The work accomplished in connection with this research establishes the basis for several fundamental activities in system analysis, design, development, and evolution.

[pt] Nesta tese propomos a aplicação de um paradigma de planejamento baseado em uma disciplina de modelagem conceitual para as tarefas de Mineração de Processos. Postulamos que a abordagem apresentada habilita as tarefas de descoberta de processos, checagem de conformidade e melhoria de modelos em domínios educacionais, que tem características de processos não-estruturados – dependências entre tarefas, múltiplas dependências, eventos concorrentes, atividades que falham, atividades repetidas, traços parciais e estruturas de nocaute. Relacionamos os conceitos em ambas as áreas de pesquisa e demonstramos a abordagem aplicada a um exemplo em um domínio acadêmico, implementando os algoritmos como parte de uma Biblioteca de Planos Típicos para Mineração de Processos que constrói sobre a extensa literatura prévia. / [en] In this thesis we propose the application of an automated planning paradigm based on a conceptual modeling discipline for the Process Mining tasks. We posit that the presented approach enables the process discovery, conformance checking and model enhancement tasks for educational domains, comprising characteristics of unstructured processes – with intertask dependencies, multiple dependencies, concurrent events, failing activities, repeated activities, partial traces and knock-out structures. We relate the concepts in both areas of research, and demonstrate the approach applied to an academic domain example, implementing the algorithms as part of a Library for Typical Plans for Process Mining that leverages the extensive prior art in the literature.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta a Reservoir Risks Ontology (ResRiskOnto), uma ontologia aplicada aos riscos na indústria de óleo e gás associados ao domínio de reservatórios. Os componentes da ResRiskOnto são termos do domínio de trabalho de profissinais de reservatório, de forma a facilitar sua adoção na documentação futura de riscos. A ResRiskOnto tem como ideia central o conceito de Evento de Risco. Cada evento tem um conjunto de possíveis Participantes, que por sua vez possuem Características manifestadas pelo evento. A ontologia dispõe de um total de 97 termos, 29 dos quais derivados da classe Evento de Risco. Para desenvolver a ResRiskOnto, foi feita uma análise semântica em aproximadamente 2500 riscos de reservatórios documentados em linguagem natural. Este repositório é fruto de centenas de workshops de avaliação de riscos em projetos de óleo e gás, conduzidos na Petrobras durante uma década. A ontologia proposta fundamenta-se nos princípios da Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), uma ontologia de topo projetada para descrever domínios científicos. A BFO baseia-se no Realismo, uma visão filosófica segundo a qual os entes que constituem a realidade existem independentemente da nossa representação. No nível de domínio definimos os entes de reservatório usando os conceitos da GeoCore Ontology, uma ontologia para a Geologia. Para validar a ResRiskOnto os documentos do repositório foram anotados utilizando os entes e relações definidos na ontologia, e desenvolvido um modelo capaz de reconhecer entidades nomeadas e extrair as relações entre elas. Nossa contribuição é uma ontologia aplicada que permite o raciocínio semântico no repositório de documentos de risco. Esperamos que ela forneça (i) as bases para modelagem de dados de riscos relacionados a reservatórios; e (ii) um padrão para futura documentação de riscos no domínio de reservatório. / [en] This work proposes the Reservoir Risks Ontology (ResRiskOnto), an application ontology for risks in the oil and gas industry associated with the petroleum reservoir domain. ResRiskOnto s building blocks are terms dominated by reservoir professionals, so that it can be easily adopted in future risk documentation. ResRiskOnto is developed having at its center the concept of Risk Events. Each event has a set of possible Participants, that have its Characteristics manifested by the event. The ontology provides a total a set of 97 terms, 29 of which are derived from the Risk Event class. To develop the ResRiskOnto, we conducted a semantic analysis of documents that contain over 2500 reservoir-related risks described in natural language. This repository is the result of hundreds of risk assessment workshops in oil and gas projects, conducted in over ten years in Petrobras. This ontology is founded on the principles of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), a top-level ontology designed to describe scientific domains. One of BFO s most distinct characteristic is its commitment to Realism, a philosophical view of reality in which its constituents exist independently of our representations. On the domain-level, reservoir entities are described under the principles of the GeoCore Ontology, a core ontology for Geology. To validate the ResRiskOnto we annotate our risk documents repository with the ontology s entities and relations, developing a model that recognizes named entities and extracts the relations among them. Our contribution is an application ontology that allows semantic reasoning over the risk documents. We also expect to provide (i) a basis for data modelling in the case of reservoir-related risks; and (ii) a standard for future risk documentation in the reservoir domain.

[ES] En las últimas décadas, los avances en la tecnología de secuenciación han producido cantidades significativas de datos genómicos, hecho que ha revolucionado nuestra comprensión de la biología. Sin embargo, la cantidad de datos generados ha superado con creces nuestra capacidad para interpretarlos. Descifrar el código de la vida es un gran reto. A pesar de los numerosos avances realizados, nuestra comprensión del mismo sigue siendo mínima, y apenas estamos empezando a descubrir todo su potencial, por ejemplo, en áreas como la medicina de precisión o la farmacogenómica. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es avanzar en nuestra comprensión de la vida proponiendo una aproximación holística mediante un enfoque basado en modelos que consta de tres artefactos: i) un esquema conceptual del genoma, ii) un método para su aplicación en el mundo real, y iii) el uso de ontologías fundacionales para representar el conocimiento del dominio de una forma más precisa y explícita. Las dos primeras contribuciones se han validado mediante la implementación de sistemas de información genómicos basados en modelos conceptuales. La tercera contribución se ha validado mediante experimentos empíricos que han evaluado si el uso de ontologías fundacionales conduce a una mejor comprensión del dominio genómico. Los artefactos generados ofrecen importantes beneficios. En primer lugar, se han generado procesos de gestión de datos más eficientes, lo que ha permitido mejorar los procesos de extracción de conocimientos. En segundo lugar, se ha logrado una mejor comprensión y comunicación del dominio. / [CA] En les últimes dècades, els avanços en la tecnologia de seqüenciació han produït quantitats significatives de dades genòmiques, fet que ha revolucionat la nostra comprensió de la biologia. No obstant això, la quantitat de dades generades ha superat amb escreix la nostra capacitat per a interpretar-los. Desxifrar el codi de la vida és un gran repte. Malgrat els nombrosos avanços realitzats, la nostra comprensió del mateix continua sent mínima, i a penes estem començant a descobrir tot el seu potencial, per exemple, en àrees com la medicina de precisió o la farmacogenómica. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és avançar en la nostra comprensió de la vida proposant una aproximació holística mitjançant un enfocament basat en models que consta de tres artefactes: i) un esquema conceptual del genoma, ii) un mètode per a la seua aplicació en el món real, i iii) l'ús d'ontologies fundacionals per a representar el coneixement del domini d'una forma més precisa i explícita. Les dues primeres contribucions s'han validat mitjançant la implementació de sistemes d'informació genòmics basats en models conceptuals. La tercera contribució s'ha validat mitjançant experiments empírics que han avaluat si l'ús d'ontologies fundacionals condueix a una millor comprensió del domini genòmic. Els artefactes generats ofereixen importants beneficis. En primer lloc, s'han generat processos de gestió de dades més eficients, la qual cosa ha permés millorar els processos d'extracció de coneixements. En segon lloc, s'ha aconseguit una millor comprensió i comunicació del domini. / [EN] Over the last few decades, advances in sequencing technology have produced significant amounts of genomic data, which has revolutionised our understanding of biology. However, the amount of data generated has far exceeded our ability to interpret it. Deciphering the code of life is a grand challenge. Despite our progress, our understanding of it remains minimal, and we are just beginning to uncover its full potential, for instance, in areas such as precision medicine or pharmacogenomics. The main objective of this thesis is to advance our understanding of life by proposing a holistic approach, using a model-based approach, consisting of three artifacts: i) a conceptual schema of the genome, ii) a method for its application in the real-world, and iii) the use of foundational ontologies to represent domain knowledge in a more unambiguous and explicit way. The first two contributions have been validated by implementing genome information systems based on conceptual models. The third contribution has been validated by empirical experiments assessing whether using foundational ontologies leads to a better understanding of the genomic domain. The artifacts generated offer significant benefits. First, more efficient data management processes were produced, leading to better knowledge extraction processes. Second, a better understanding and communication of the domain was achieved. / Las fructíferas discusiones y los resultados derivados de los proyectos INNEST2021 /57, MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2021-123824OB-I00, CIPROM/2021/023 y PDC2021- 121243-I00 han contribuido en gran medida a la calidad final de este tesis. / García Simón, A. (2022). Understanding the Code of Life: Holistic Conceptual Modeling of the Genome [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191432

A Modelagem Orientada a Objetos (MOO) é o processo de construção de modelos de sistemas através da identificação e definição de um conjunto de objetos relacionados, que comportam-se e colaboram entre si conforme os requisitos estabelecidos para o sistema. Esta definição inclui os três aspectos ortogonais, ou dimensões, deste tipo de modelagem: a dimensão estrutural dos objetos, a dimensão dinâmica do comportamento e a dimensão funcional dos requisitos. Conforme a importância relativa dada a cada uma destas dimensões, podem ser definidas três estratégias possíveis para conduzir a MOO. Estas estratégias são as dirigidas por dados, por comportamento e por processos. A estratégia dirigida por processos já esta superada. Atualmente, a estratégia dirigida por dados domina na maioria das técnicas de MOO. A estratégia dirigida por comportamento propõe que a estrutura dos objetos em um sistema pode ser determinada a partir do comportamento externo e interno que o sistema deve apresentar. Esta idéia é interessante, porque permite introduzir tardiamente o encapsulamento na MOO. Conforme é argumentado neste trabalho, as vantagens atribuídas a orientação a objetos são de implementação, isto é, a decisão de orientar ou não a objetos é, na realidade, uma decisão de design. Ao introduzir o encapsulamento na modelagem inicial do sistema, ganha-se o benefício da continuidade estrutural ao custo de colocar a MOO mais perto do design. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um processo de modelagem conceitual de sistemas do ponto de vista comportamental que introduz tardiamente o encapsulamento da orientação a objetos como primeiro passo de design. Em outras palavras, é proposta uma técnica de modelagem sob uma estratégia dirigida por comportamento (privilegiando, assim, o aspecto dinâmico dos sistemas) com o suficiente poder de expressão para, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a modelagem de sistemas de informação no nível conceitual e derivar dos modelos dinâmicos obtidos uma representação estrutural orientada a objetos. 0 sistema, na concepção desta proposta, é composto por um conjunto de processos concorrentes, cada um dos quais recebe um estimulo do ambiente, realiza um tratamento especifico sobre ele e gera para o ambiente uma resposta. Os estímulos externos são decompostos em conjuntos de eventos concorrentes tratados no interior do processo. As ações realizadas no interior do mesmo são compostas nas respostas geradas para o exterior. Os processos são modelados comportamentalmente, utilizando o formalismo proposto High-Level Statecharts (HLS). HLS é uma extensão dos statecharts de Harel. As principais extensões propostas são a introdução de estados "parametrizados" usando variáveis e a representação genérica de conjuntos de estados concorrentes e exclusivos. 0 modelo de processos e desintegrado em unidades de comportamento que tratam das mesmas variáveis. Estas unidades são integradas em um modelo de ciclos de vida para estas variáveis. Finalmente, apos a aplicação da técnica de modelagem conceitual, e obtido um modelo estrutural orientado a objetos. Este modelo e derivado utilizando unicamente informações contidas nos modelos dinâmicos gerados no processo da técnica proposta. No modelo estrutural são identificadas classes, objetos, atributos, associações estáticas, hierarquias de herança e operações. Todo o processo e exemplificado utilizando o problema padrão de preparação de congressos da IFIP. / Object-Oriented Modeling (OOM) is the process of construction of systems models, through an identification and definition of a set of relating objects. These objects have a collaborative behavior according to the system requirements previously defined. This definition includes three modeling aspects or dimensions: object structural dimension, behavior dynamic dimension and requirements functional dimension. Depending on a relative importance of each dimension, three possible strategies to drive OOM are defined. The strategies are: data-driven, behavior-driven and process-driven. Process-driven strategy is obsolete. Nowadays, data-driven is the dominant strategy in the world of OOM techniques. Behavior-driven strategy suggests both internal and external system behaviors define its object structure. This idea is attractive because it allows a late encapsulation in the OOM. As explained in this work, the main advantage to use object-orientation is for implementation. So, to object-orient or not to object-orient is a design decision. If encapsulation is introduced in the very beginning of systems modeling, the structural continuity is achieved at the cost of pulling OOM closer to design. In this context, the work presents a process of systems conceptual modeling using a behavioral point of view. This process introduces object-oriented encapsulation lately as a first step in the design phase. In other words, this work is a proposal of a modeling technique under a behavior-driven strategy (focusing the dynamic aspect of the systems) with enough expression power to model information systems at conceptual level and, at the same time, to derive of an object-oriented structural representation from the dynamic models. As conceived in the proposal, a system is composed by a set of concurrent processes. Each process receives a stimuli from the environment, makes a specific treatment on it and generates a response to the environment. The external stimuli is decomposed into a set of concurrent events which are internally handled by the process. Actions internally performed by the process are composed into a response which is sent outside the process. Processes are behaviorally modeled using a proposed formalism called High-Level Statecharts (HLS). HLS is a extension of Harel's statecharts. The main extensions proposed are parameterized states using variables and generic representation of concurrent and exclusive sets of states. Process model is disintegrated into behavior units handling the same variables. The units are integrated into a life cycle model for these variables. Finally, after the modeling technique has been applied, an object-oriented structural model is obtained. This model is derived exclusively using information from the dynamic models constructed during the modeling process. Classes, objects, attributes, static associations, inheritance hierarchies and operations in the structural model are identified. Examples used in all the modeling process are taken from the standard problem of IFIP conference.