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Analytical modeling of hybrid composite beams /Bhutta, Salman Ahmed, January 1993 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-100). Also available via the Internet.
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Compressive behavior of concrete with recycled aggregates /Palmquist, Shane M. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003. / Adviser: Daniel C. Jansen. Submitted to the Dept. of Civil Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Uso de jogos e materiais concretos no ensino e expressões algébricas e equações do 1º e 2º grau no ensino fundamental / Use of games and related materials in the teaching of algebraic expressions and equations of the 1st and 2nd grade in elementary educationRocha, Hélio Roberto da 27 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / Due to the poor performance of students from all over Brazil in the mathematic subject,
currently there’s a great concern regarding mathematics teaching. Researches
indicate that Brazil has the second largest number of students with low performance
in basic mathematics, in a list of 64 countries (second report of the Organization and
Economic Co-operation for Development - OECD, Paris - 02/10/2016). In relation
to that, this work indicates a proposal to teach algebra in the 7th and 9th grades of
Elementary School, more specifically Algebraic Expressions,1st degree Equations, 2nd
degree Equations and a brief study on 3rd degree Equations, using games and concrete
materials. This paper is based on studies of some theorists who wrote about the
subject. Based on these studies, a theoretical basis of the contents of the theme was
made, along with suggestions of several activities proposed using games and concrete
materials. It’s hoped that this work will support other mathematic teachers in their
daily work. We know that it’s not always possible to use this methodology due to
various problems that occur in schools, but I hope that at some point it can be used. / Devido ao baixo desempenho em matemática dos estudantes de todo o Brasil, existe,
atualmente, uma grande preocupação no ensino da matemática. Pesquisas indicam que
o Brasil tem o segundo maior número de estudantes com baixa performance em matemática
básica, em uma lista de 64 países em todo o mundo (segundo relatório da Organização
para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico - OCDE, Paris-10/02/2016).
Mediante a essa problemática, este trabalho vem sugerir uma proposta para ensinar a
Álgebra no 7o
e 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental, mais especificamente Expressões Algé-
bricas, Equações do 1o grau, Equações do 2o grau e um breve estudo sobre Equações do
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o grau, através de jogos e materiais concretos. O trabalho é fundamentado em estudos
de alguns teóricos que escreveram sobre o tema. Baseados nesses estudos, foi feito uma
base teórica dos conteúdos do tema, juntamente com sugestões de diversas atividades
propostas utilizando jogos e materiais concretos. Espera-se que este trabalho sirva de
apoio aos colegas professores de matemática no seu trabalho diário. Sabemos que nem
sempre é possível usar esta metodologia, devido a vários problemas que acontecem nas
escolas, mas espero que em algum momento, possa ser aproveitado.
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Succé eller distraktion, ett laborativt arbetssätt : Effekterna av ett laborativt arbetssätt med konkret material / Success or a distraction, a laborative way of working : The effects of a laborative way of working with concrete materialsNorstedt, Max, Widmark, Carl January 2022 (has links)
Den traditionella matematikundervisningen dominerar fortfarande inom matematikämnet. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilken inverkan en laborativ undervisning med konkret material har på elevers lärande. Syftet är också att se hur konkret material påverkar elevers motivation. Resultaten visar i huvudsak på att en laborativ undervisning med konkret material går att genomföra på olika sätt med både pedagogiska material och vardagsmaterial. Det inverkar positivt på elevers lärande i matematik samt deras motivation för ämnet. Läraren har en central roll i ett effektivt användande av laborativa arbetssätt och noggrann planering är nyckeln. Vi ser gärna en fortsatt forskning inom området då en stor del av forskningen är gammal. / The traditional way of teaching math still dominates within the mathematical education. The purpose of this study is to investigate which impact a laborative way of working with concrete materials has on pupils’ learning. The purpose is also to see how concrete materials are used to create motivation. The results mainly display that a laborative way of working with concrete materials is possible with both pedagogical materials and everyday materials. It has a positive impact on pupils’ development in math and also on their motivation towards math. The teachers have a central role in an effective use of laborative ways of working and accurate planning is key. We would like to see continued research around this subject because a many of the present studies are old
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En kvalitatativ studie av lärares syfte gällande användningen med konkret material i den tidigare matematikundervisningenÄng, Michaela January 2017 (has links)
Denna studie handlar om hur och i vilket syfte lärare använder konkret material i sin matematikundervisning. Skolverket förespråkar idag att elever ska få möjlighet att använda sig av konkret material i undervisningen inom matematik. Forskning visar att konkret material leder till en ökad förståelse hos elever vid inlärningen av matematik. Forskare menar att det är läraren som avgör hur det konkreta materialet används samt vilken effekt det får. Detta examensarbete kommer lyfta fram lärares syn på konkret material och i vilket syfte som det används. Genom kvalitativa observationer och intervjuer med lärare från fyra olika skolor inom årskurs 1, visar resultatet att samtliga lärare har en liknande syn hur materialet bör användas men att hur lärarna använder det varieras. Utifrån de intervjuer som gjorts visar det sig att alla lärarna har en ambition att använda sig av konkret material, men under observationerna var det tre av fyra som gjorde det. I praktiken visar det sig däremot att det finns begränsningar som gör att det konkreta materialet inte används så som lärarna hade velat. Utifrån den forskningen som finns menar forskare att lärare har en avgörande faktor vilken effekt det konkreta materialet får för inlärningen hos eleverna. / This study is about how and for what purpose teachers use concrete materials in mathematics. The curriculum says that students should have the opportunity to use concrete materials in math. Research shows that concrete material leads to a better understanding for students in learning of mathematics. Researchers believe that the teacher is the important key person so the material will have the right effect. This thesis will highlight teachers' views on concrete material and the purpose for why it should be used. Through qualitative observations and interviews with teachers from four schools in grades 1, shows results that all teachers have a similar view of how it should be used, but it varies in how teachers are using it. Based on the interviews conducted, it appears that the majority of teachers have an ambition to make use of concrete materials. In practice, however, there are limitations that make the concrete material is not used so that teachers had wanted. Based on the research available is it the teacher who is the crucial factor for what effect the concrete material will have for the students learning.
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The Effect Of Instruction With Concrete Materials On Fourth Grade StudentsSari, Sibel 01 March 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of concrete materials on fourth grade students&rsquo / geometry achievement. The secondary purpose was to investigate their opinions and feelings about instruction with concrete materials. The study was carried out in a private school in Ankara with 32 fourth grade elementary school students. One group pretest-posttest design was used.
Geometry Achievement Test was administered to collect the necessary data. The instruction with concrete materials was applied by the researcher five hours per week in 10 weeks. The data were analyzed by using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Also, an interview was conducted with 11 students to determine their opinions and feelings about instruction with concrete materials. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant change in geometry achievement of fourth grade students who participated in the instruction with concrete materials over three time periods. In other words, there were statistically significant positive changes in students&rsquo / geometry achievement across pre-intervention and post-intervention and across pre-intervention and followup.
Moreover, there was no statistically significant change in students&rsquo / achievement across post-intervention and follow-up. The other results can be deducted from the
study: most of the students enjoyed the class more when concrete materials were used / some of the students became anxious when they first saw the questions in preintervention / most of the students stated that questions become easier after instruction with concrete materials / cubes and the geoboard were the most useful and most liked as perceived by the students.
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Ensino de programação no ensino médio integrado: uma abordagem utilizando padrões e jogos com materiais concretos / Teaching programming in integrated high school: an approach using patterns and games with concrete materialsLeal, Alexis Vinicius de Aquino 11 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Research indicates that the use of patterns in teaching programming achieve good results
when included in the curriculum for High School students. However, only the use of patterns
may not be sufficient to motivate students to learn programming. This work shows
the results obtained by combining the teaching of Pattern-Oriented Programming (PO),
along with games using materials concrete, in non-formal settings of computer programming,withHighSchoolstudents.AcasestudywasconductedwithHighSchoolstudents
at the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, the campus of Barra do Garças, and involved 30
students in the first year of High School, discipline Logic of Programming in the year
2012 . We presented in the computer lab, and discussed nine programming patterns used
in teaching the subject. In addition to practical exercises using programming language
C++programming,thestudentsweredividedinto5(five)groupsandcreatedgamesusing
concrete materials, applying them in a gymnasium. To establish and implement games,
the students made connections with programming patterns, in the teaching and learning
process of computer programming. The results show an improvement in motivation and
learningtoallywithgames programmingpatterns using concrete materials. / Pesquisas indicam que o uso de padrões no ensino de programação alcança bons resultados
quando incluído no currículo dos estudantes do Ensino Médio. No entanto, apenas
o uso de padrões pode não ser suficiente para motivar os alunos a aprender programação.
Este trabalho demonstra os resultados obtidos através da combinação do ensino de
programaçãobaseadoempadrões,juntamentecomjogosusandomateriaisconcretos,em
espaços não formais de programação de computadores, com alunos do Ensino Médio. O
estudo de caso foi realizado com alunos do Ensino Médio no Instituto Federal de Mato
Grosso, câmpus da cidade de Barra do Garças e envolveu 30 estudantes do primeiro ano
do Ensino Médio, da disciplina Lógica de Programação no ano de 2012. No laboratório
de informática, foram apresentados e discutidos nove padrões de programação utilizados
no ensino da disciplina. Além de exercícios práticos de programação utilizando a linguagem
de programação C++, os estudantes foram divididos em 5 (cinco) grupos e criaram
jogos usando materiais concretos, aplicando-os em uma quadra de esportes. Ao criarem
e aplicarem os jogos, os estudantes fizeram as conexões com os padrões de programação
no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de programação de computadores. Os resultados
mostramumamelhorianamotivaçãoeaprendizagemaosealiarpadrõesdeprogramação
comjogosusandomateriais concretos
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Matematisk begreppsförståelse genom laborativt arbete i årskurs 4–6 : Begreppsförståelse som mål med laborativa material / Learning mathematical concepts in middle- school through use of manipulativesTimbré, Camilla January 2017 (has links)
Den här systematiska litteraturstudien syftar till att undersöka vad forskning säger om att öka elever i årskurs 4–6 begreppsförståelse i matematik genom laborativa material och aktiviteter. Ett lärarperspektiv har antagits och studien behandlar olika faktorer som i de ingående ämnesdidaktiska artiklarna identifierats som betydelsebärande för den laborativa matematikundervisningen. Ett resultat indikerar att lärarens erfarenhet, didaktiska kunskaper och inställning till laborativa material har stor inverkan på hur materialen används i undervisningen och påverkar även elevernas möjligheter och syn på att lära sig matematik genom laborativa aktiviteter. Även olika perspektivs synsätt till att använda material i fast form i undervisningen tas upp, samt att det finns olika typer av konkreta, laborativa material. Begreppsförståelse är centralt för elevers förståelse av matematik och begreppsförmåga lyfts i Läroplanen 2011 för årskurs 4–6 fram som en av fem punkter som eleven ska få möjlighet att utveckla i olika sammanhang och situationer. Den övergripande frågan som denna systematiska litteraturstudie ämnat finna svar på är om och i så fall hur den laborativa matematiken med laborativa material kan vara ett sätt att arbeta på för att elever ska kunna nå en ökad förståelse för abstrakta begrepp. / <p>Matematik</p>
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Laborativ matematik i förskoleklass - åk 3. : - Vad påverkar lärares arbetssätt? / Mathematics education with concrete materials in preschool up to the third school year. : - Which factors influence teachers way of teaching?Baier, Caroline January 2009 (has links)
<p> <strong>SAMMANFATTNING</strong><p>Arbetets syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar lärare att använda eller inte använda laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning i förskoleklass till och med årskurs 3.</p><p>Laborativ matematik innebär i detta arbete matematiklektioner där lärare och elever tar hjälp av någon form av konkret material, både vardagsmaterial och pedagogiskt material för att förstå och lösa problem inom ämnesområdet matematik.</p><p>Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter till elva lärare i förskoleklass till årskurs 3 på tre olika skolor i en och samma kommun.</p><p>Resultatet visar att samtliga av de lärare som svarade, alltid eller nästan alltid använder laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning, men inom vilka matematiska områden detta sker är varierande.</p><p>Varför lärare i denna undersökning använder laborativt material eller inte på en lektion påverkas inte av vilken utbildning de har eller om de har någon vidareutbildning i matematik och inte heller av hur länge lärarna har undervisat, utan detta beror enligt lärarna själva på andra faktorer så som: elevens förståelse, tron på metoden, intresse/attityd hos lärare och elevers, tid/lektionens längd och gruppstorlek.</p><p>Knappt ¾ av lärarna har deltagit i någon form av vidareutbildning i matematik. Alla lärarna som svarade ansåg dock att det laborativa materialet är självklart och nödvändigt för att eleverna ska få en djupare förståelse, då materialet visuellt kan konkretisera detabstrakta i matematiken. Lärarna ansåg också att det laborativa materialet bidrar till att eleverna lär med fler sinnen och att detta i sin tur gör att kunskapen fastnar lättare, matematiken blir även roligare.</p></p><p> </p> / <p> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong><p>The purpose with this survey was to examine which factors that influence teachers to use or not to use manipulatives in the mathematics education in preschool up to the third school year.</p><p>In this form of education pupils and teachers use some form of concrete materials, manipulatives like stones, seashells and pearls or special pedagogic materials to understand and solve mathematical problems.</p><p>The examination was made with questionnaires to 11 teachers in preschool to the third school year in three different schools, in the same district, in x –city, Sweden.</p><p>The result shows that all of the teachers, always or almost always, use manipulatives n their mathematics education, but it varies depending on which type of mathematics.</p><p>Whether teachers in this investigation use, or not use, manipulatives in a lesson is not influenced by education or further education, neither how long they have been teaching. According to the teachers this is instead influenced by; for the pupils understanding, belief in the method, interest/attitude by the teachers and pupils, time/length of lesson, and group size.</p><p>Almost ¾ of the teachers had some form of further education in mathematics. All of the teachers however considered the use of manipulatives obvious and necessary for the pupils to get a deeper understanding, as the materials visually can make the abstract part in mathematics more concrete. The teachers’ means that manipulatives contribute to that the pupils learn with more senses, and it causes the knowledge to remain more easy, it also makes mathematics education more fun.</p></p><p> </p>
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Laborativ matematik i förskoleklass - åk 3. : - Vad påverkar lärares arbetssätt? / Mathematics education with concrete materials in preschool up to the third school year. : - Which factors influence teachers way of teaching?Baier, Caroline January 2009 (has links)
SAMMANFATTNINGArbetets syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar lärare att använda eller inte använda laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning i förskoleklass till och med årskurs 3. Laborativ matematik innebär i detta arbete matematiklektioner där lärare och elever tar hjälp av någon form av konkret material, både vardagsmaterial och pedagogiskt material för att förstå och lösa problem inom ämnesområdet matematik. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter till elva lärare i förskoleklass till årskurs 3 på tre olika skolor i en och samma kommun. Resultatet visar att samtliga av de lärare som svarade, alltid eller nästan alltid använder laborativt material i sin matematikundervisning, men inom vilka matematiska områden detta sker är varierande. Varför lärare i denna undersökning använder laborativt material eller inte på en lektion påverkas inte av vilken utbildning de har eller om de har någon vidareutbildning i matematik och inte heller av hur länge lärarna har undervisat, utan detta beror enligt lärarna själva på andra faktorer så som: elevens förståelse, tron på metoden, intresse/attityd hos lärare och elevers, tid/lektionens längd och gruppstorlek. Knappt ¾ av lärarna har deltagit i någon form av vidareutbildning i matematik. Alla lärarna som svarade ansåg dock att det laborativa materialet är självklart och nödvändigt för att eleverna ska få en djupare förståelse, då materialet visuellt kan konkretisera detabstrakta i matematiken. Lärarna ansåg också att det laborativa materialet bidrar till att eleverna lär med fler sinnen och att detta i sin tur gör att kunskapen fastnar lättare, matematiken blir även roligare. / ABSTRACTThe purpose with this survey was to examine which factors that influence teachers to use or not to use manipulatives in the mathematics education in preschool up to the third school year. In this form of education pupils and teachers use some form of concrete materials, manipulatives like stones, seashells and pearls or special pedagogic materials to understand and solve mathematical problems. The examination was made with questionnaires to 11 teachers in preschool to the third school year in three different schools, in the same district, in x –city, Sweden. The result shows that all of the teachers, always or almost always, use manipulatives n their mathematics education, but it varies depending on which type of mathematics. Whether teachers in this investigation use, or not use, manipulatives in a lesson is not influenced by education or further education, neither how long they have been teaching. According to the teachers this is instead influenced by; for the pupils understanding, belief in the method, interest/attitude by the teachers and pupils, time/length of lesson, and group size. Almost ¾ of the teachers had some form of further education in mathematics. All of the teachers however considered the use of manipulatives obvious and necessary for the pupils to get a deeper understanding, as the materials visually can make the abstract part in mathematics more concrete. The teachers’ means that manipulatives contribute to that the pupils learn with more senses, and it causes the knowledge to remain more easy, it also makes mathematics education more fun.
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