No description available.

Microstructures and quartz crystallographic fabrics of conglomerate lenses from the Tyson Formation, which composes the basal portion of the authochthonous Paleozoic cover sequence in central Vermont, were analyzed to investigate the complex deformational history associated with a polydefonned area. Microstructural observations and crystallographic fabric techniques were used for kinematic analysis, and to relate the development of microstructures and lattice preferred orientations to the local and regional structural settings. Additionally, the study compares the development of microstructures and lattice preferred orientations, and investigates strain heterogeneity that develops within deformed conglomerate. Recrystallization textures within quartz-rich pebbles suggest dynamic recrystallization via subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration. Dynamically recrystallized quartz grains have a grain shape preferred orientation, which is parallel to a series of intracrystalline strain features including undulatory extinction, deformation bands, and subgrains. These features are believed to be a manifestation of shearing along a conjugate set of intracrystalline shear planes that appear as deformation lamellae (Brace, 1955). Plastic deformation along these shear planes has developed a grain shape preferred orientation that forms at high angles (45° to 60°) to the foliation plane, rather than parallel to the XY plane of the incremental strain ellipsoid. Although the Tyson Formation contains more than one tectonic fabric, lattice preferred orientations within quartz-rich domains appear to have formed in response to the second Taconian deformational event of Stanley and Ratcliffe (1985). The crystallographic fabrics show considerable variation on many scales. The distribution of the fabrics relative to local structures show no consistent or predictable relationship. Fabric variation between the matrix and pebbles is believed to be a manifestation of strain heterogeneity. Shear strain within the matrix is accommodated by grain boundary sliding, therefore only coaxial portions of the strain are recorded by the matrix quartz lattice preferred orientation. Furthermore, strain partitioning, and possibly the lack of extensive recrystallization, has precluded the development of strong lattice preferred orientations in the matrix. Within quartz pebbles, conflicting kinematic indicators, microstructures, and c-axis fabrics indicate strain path partitioning due to rheological variability within a flowing rock mass, which deformed under predominantly coaxial conditions. The asymmetric crystal fabrics in this study are approximately 50% top-to-the- west and 50% top-to-the-east. Additionally, porphyroclasts and mica fish locally suggest either non-coaxial or coaxial deformation, as well as conflicting shear senses. Deformation probably occurred within the constrictional field, and was locally accommodated by shearing. Kinematic indicators such as mica fish, asymmetric porphyroclast tails, and c-axis fabrics suggest that partitioning occurred not only between pebbles, but within individual pebbles as well. / Master of Science

Background: Emerging economies is more fragile for global actions than developed markets, and they struggle to keep the economic growth consistent. Brazil, as an emerging economy, has one of the higher growth in the world, but the country has had some difficulties during the last years and foreign direct investments have decreased. Most foreign direct investments activities tend to go north-to-north, and the most common investment strategy is acquisition and the success is related to the type of activity and industry. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what type of cross-border acquisitions companies choose to be involved in and which financial factors have the greatest impact, when entering the Brazilian market. Theory: The theoretical framework consists of theories related to acquisition strategies to answer formulated purpose. Following theories have been used as an analytical tool in the thesis: merger and acquisition waves, horisontal, vertical and conglomerate strategies and information asymmetry. Method: This study is based on a mixed method design with inductive and deductive approach. Statistical data have been gathered together with four semistructured interviews to gain data about ingoing acquisitions in Brazil. The statistical data have been gathered from the database Zephyr. Conclusion: To summarize the conclusions, ingoing cross-border acquisitions in Brazil follow a wave-like pattern that is mostly depending on horisontal acquisitions, were the financial factors that have the greatest impact is information, taxation, labor and laws.

南僑自1952年成立，見證了台灣經濟發展的過程，也經歷了每個大時代環境變動的考驗。在其五十七年的發展過程中，由單純之製造日用品走向多角化而國際化，對其新創事業或既有事業的經營模式，所採之邏輯與策略為何？如何追求企業的永續發展與基業長青？即為本研究分析與探討之重點。 本研究分析結果顯示，南僑自70年起，即基於在相關領域內發展要比跨入不熟悉的行業，能更有效掌握人力與資源，及迅速累積管理經驗的信念下，積極展開多角化的經營。在南僑發展多角化的過程中，從單純的肥皂製造業起家，到後來跨足油脂、餅乾、冷凍麵糰、冰品、速食麵、米果、急凍熟麵及精緻餐飲服務，看似彼此互不關連，但其實都是依循原料、技術、通路與文化四大相關因素，朝上下游及水平相關領域逐漸拓展，因而降低企業跨業經營需面對的風險。 南僑的國際化歷程三個階段，首先藉由與國際大廠合作、商標授權、在台合資新公司、策略聯盟，等方式開展，學習外商的技術、經營與行銷等知識，以縮短產品研發與管理學習時間，加速全球化腳步，為國際化預做準備。第二階段以泰國做為跨出台灣的第一個海外據點，學習因地制宜的產品銷售策略及組織運作與文化融合的跨國管理，以進入中國市場為第三階段，大陸投資的成果更將其經營格局拓展至全球視野的高度，強化南僑的財務體質及提昇集團的競爭能力。 企業的永續經營，必定受到其核心價值的指引。南僑在轉型的每一階段裡，均細心體察經營環境的潛在變化，及早摸索出下一階段的經營方向與重點，並以企業文化為根、四大相關為幹、五大策略為枝，發展成枝繁葉茂的南僑企業集團。南僑經驗可以提供給面臨轉型的傳統企業一個作法及思維的參考。南僑的個案顯示，以剖析因果的邏輯與策略思考為基礎，配合在企業專長與優勢能力領域中，尋找產業的定位與機會，是追求基業長青的法門之一。 / Since its establishment in 1952, NamChow has witnessed great economic development in Taiwan and has withstood the test of time. In the past fifty-seven years, NamChow has evolved from a simple detergent goods producer to a diversified and multinational enterprise. This paper addresses the philosophy and strategies of the NamChow business model and offers insight into future directions for existing and new ventures. In addition, the thesis addresses the question of how an enterprise sustains and advances long-term development. NamChow began actively working towards a multi-faceted business model in the 1970s. Fundamental to the NamChow philosophy was a belief that expansion to related fields, rather than unfamiliar fields, would encourage the accumulation of management knowledge, expertise and experience with existing manpower and resources. NamChow started out as a basic soap manufacturer, and later expanded into oils and fats, cookies, frozen doughs, ice creams, instant noodles, snacks, frozen noodles and gourmet food. Central to all of these seemly unrelated products, however, are four major factors: materials, technology, distribution and culture. By expanding into adjacent industries vertically and horizontally, NamChow greatly reduced its transition risks. NamChow’s globalization can be divided into three phases. First, through collaboration with a major multi-national manufacturer, a new joint venture was created. This joint venture was authorized to use NamChow’s trademarks in Taiwan so as to form a strategic alliance. Through these actions, NamChow prepared itself to be an international enterprise and speed up its globalization process. It learned from its foreign partners in the areas of technology, management and marketing. It shortened its research and development cycles and learned how to run the plant. Second, NamChow selected Thailand as its first overseas market. There it learned how to run a trans-national, cross-cultural operation by adapting the local marketing strategies. Third, NamChow entered, and invested in, China. This allowed it to operate from a global perspective and further strengthen its financial standing and competiveness among conglomerates. For any enterprise to sustain itself and become prosperous, it must be guided by certain core values. During each phase of transformation, NamChow paid close attention to the underlying changes in the environment in which it operated, and developed its direction and focus for the next phase. It is rooted in its corporate culture, firmly trunked with the four major factors, branched out with five strategies, and ultimately flourishing as a conglomerate. Its experiences can shed light on the traditional enterprises that are facing similar transformations. This case study shows that one of the secrets to pursuing long-lasting success is to identify niches and opportunities that take advantage of its strengths and fields of expertise, based on logical analysis and strategic thinking.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-153).

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-153).

Les mutations structurelles au sein de l'industrie financière sont nombreuses, protéiformes et complexes. L'analyse de leurs conséquences, particulièrement en matière de stabilité financière, s'avère cruciale. Notre travail se concentre sur l'une de ces transformations, à savoir l'émergence et le développement de la conglomération financière, qui a pour singularité d'entremêler diversification et globalisation, et qui, à notre sens, a été relativement peu étudié. Notre objectif est donc de contribuer à combler cette insuffisance. Nous avons articulé notre réflexion autour de trois axes : l'appréhension pratique de la conglomération financière, ses implications en termes de risque, et ses incidences en matière de dispositif prudentiel, et plus particulièrement en termes d'architecture de surveillance. Nous proposons de pallier l'absence de données dédiées spécifiquement à ce mouvement en utilisant des données relatives aux opérations de fusions-acquisitions. Alors qu'il est impossible d'affirmer de manière univoque si ces groupes sont plus ou moins risqués que leurs homologues individuels et susceptibles d'exposer la sphère financière à des risques exacerbés et/ou nouveaux, nous explicitons les éléments à même d'engendrer un profil de risque plus élevé, soulignons l'importance d'adopter une perspective globale du niveau de risque encouru et démontrons l'incidence pernicieuse de la stratégie de diversification sur la probabilité de risque systémique. Enfin, nous montrons à l'aide d'un Probit Multinomial que la conglomération financière est un facteur explicatif aux cotés des facteurs traditionnellement mis en avant de l'unification des autorités nationales de surveillance. / The arisen structural changes, and still current, within the financial industry are especially numerous, multiple and complex. The analysis of their consequences, particularly on financial stability, turns out crucial. Our work concentrates on one of these transformations, the emergence and the development of the financial conglomeration, which has for peculiarity to mix diversification and globalization, and which in our sense was rarely studied. Our objective is to contribute to fill this lack. We articulated our reflection around three axes: the practice apprehension of the financial conglomeration, its implications in terms on risk exposure, and its incidences in prudential plan, more particularly in terms on architecture of the financial supervision. We suggest mitigating the absence of data dedicated specifically to this movement by using data relative to the operations of mergers & acquisitions. While it seems impossible to assert in a unambiguous way if these groups are more or less risked that their counterparts individual and susceptible to expose the financial sphere to aggravated and\or new risks, we clarify elements to engender a higher risk profile, underline the importance to adopt a global perspective towards this level of incurred risk and demonstrate the pernicious incidence of the strategy of diversification on the probability of systematic risk. Finally, we show by means of a Probit Multinomial that the financial conglomeration is an explanatory factor in the highly-rated of factors traditionally advanced by the unification of the national authorities of supervision.

No cenário de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, as entidades de ensino e pesquisa e de CT&I são importantes personagens no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico de uma nação. Como instrumentos desse desenvolvimento, as incubadoras tecnológicas, que aceleram e abrigam empresas iniciantes ou em processo de spin out ou spin off, possuem papéis relevantes. Estes ambientes de inovação podem ser potencializados por meio de políticas públicas e privadas sólidas para o desenvolvimento local, harmonizando-os com as demandas e necessidades de clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais a fim de fortalecer as vocações produtivas e a rede de agentes locais. Com efeito, faz-se importante o entendimento da cooperação e interação entre a Universidade, o governo e a empresa – Modelo da Hélice Tríplice – visando uma orientação para a produção industrial e empresarial, bem como o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, de tecnologias e da inovação a partir da colaboração desses agentes locais. Diante disso, e por meio de uma metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a pesquisa procura investigar as cinco Incubadoras de Inovações Tecnológicas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (IUTs), bem como a Pró-Reitoria de Relações Empresariais e Comunitárias a que estão subordinadas, por meio de aplicação de questionário investigativo. Na sequência, propor uma estrutura de referência a incubadoras tecnológicas a partir dos dados coletados. Por fim, como principais resultados da pesquisa, apresentam-se os dados coletados imiscuídos em quatro eixos temáticos: economia baseada no conhecimento e o SCT&I; inovação e empreendedorismo; formação de redes e desenvolvimento local; e o Modelo da Hélice Tríplice e as incubadoras tecnológicas. Os resultados revelam as fragilidades de uma incubadora tecnológica vinculada a uma entidade pública, as necessárias melhorias na gestão, priorização e interação da incubadora com a Universidade e agentes locais de desenvolvimento, e a formulação de políticas públicas específicas para as incubadoras tecnológicas. / In a knowledge-based economy, educational and research institutions and ST&I are important characters in the economic and technological development of a nation process. As instruments of development, technology incubators, that accelerate and shelter beginners or spin out or spin off process companies, have relevant roles. These innovation environments can be leveraged through public and private policies for local development, harmonizing them with the demands and needs of local clusters to strengthen the productive vocations and a network of local agents. It is important the understanding of cooperation and interaction between the university, government and business - Triple Helix Model - seeking guidance for a business and industrial production, and the development of knowledge, technology and innovation from the collaboration of these local agents. Therefore, in the methodology for an exploratory and descriptive research, by a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary inquiries, the research investigates the five Incubators for Technological Innovations of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (IUTs) and the Dean of Corporate and Community Relations that are subordinate, through application of an investigative questionnaire. At the end, propose a frame of reference to technological incubators from the data collected. Finally, as the main results of the research presents the data collected under four themes: knowledge- based economy and the Science, Technology and Innovation System; innovation and entrepreneurship; networking and local development; and the Triple Helix Model and technology incubators. The results reveal the weaknesses of a technology incubator linked to a public entity, the necessary improvements in management, prioritization and interaction of the incubator with the University and local development agents, and the formulation of specific policies for technology incubators.

No cenário de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, as entidades de ensino e pesquisa e de CT&I são importantes personagens no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico de uma nação. Como instrumentos desse desenvolvimento, as incubadoras tecnológicas, que aceleram e abrigam empresas iniciantes ou em processo de spin out ou spin off, possuem papéis relevantes. Estes ambientes de inovação podem ser potencializados por meio de políticas públicas e privadas sólidas para o desenvolvimento local, harmonizando-os com as demandas e necessidades de clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais a fim de fortalecer as vocações produtivas e a rede de agentes locais. Com efeito, faz-se importante o entendimento da cooperação e interação entre a Universidade, o governo e a empresa – Modelo da Hélice Tríplice – visando uma orientação para a produção industrial e empresarial, bem como o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, de tecnologias e da inovação a partir da colaboração desses agentes locais. Diante disso, e por meio de uma metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a pesquisa procura investigar as cinco Incubadoras de Inovações Tecnológicas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (IUTs), bem como a Pró-Reitoria de Relações Empresariais e Comunitárias a que estão subordinadas, por meio de aplicação de questionário investigativo. Na sequência, propor uma estrutura de referência a incubadoras tecnológicas a partir dos dados coletados. Por fim, como principais resultados da pesquisa, apresentam-se os dados coletados imiscuídos em quatro eixos temáticos: economia baseada no conhecimento e o SCT&I; inovação e empreendedorismo; formação de redes e desenvolvimento local; e o Modelo da Hélice Tríplice e as incubadoras tecnológicas. Os resultados revelam as fragilidades de uma incubadora tecnológica vinculada a uma entidade pública, as necessárias melhorias na gestão, priorização e interação da incubadora com a Universidade e agentes locais de desenvolvimento, e a formulação de políticas públicas específicas para as incubadoras tecnológicas. / In a knowledge-based economy, educational and research institutions and ST&I are important characters in the economic and technological development of a nation process. As instruments of development, technology incubators, that accelerate and shelter beginners or spin out or spin off process companies, have relevant roles. These innovation environments can be leveraged through public and private policies for local development, harmonizing them with the demands and needs of local clusters to strengthen the productive vocations and a network of local agents. It is important the understanding of cooperation and interaction between the university, government and business - Triple Helix Model - seeking guidance for a business and industrial production, and the development of knowledge, technology and innovation from the collaboration of these local agents. Therefore, in the methodology for an exploratory and descriptive research, by a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary inquiries, the research investigates the five Incubators for Technological Innovations of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (IUTs) and the Dean of Corporate and Community Relations that are subordinate, through application of an investigative questionnaire. At the end, propose a frame of reference to technological incubators from the data collected. Finally, as the main results of the research presents the data collected under four themes: knowledge- based economy and the Science, Technology and Innovation System; innovation and entrepreneurship; networking and local development; and the Triple Helix Model and technology incubators. The results reveal the weaknesses of a technology incubator linked to a public entity, the necessary improvements in management, prioritization and interaction of the incubator with the University and local development agents, and the formulation of specific policies for technology incubators.

Bakgrund: Prestationsmätning utgör ett grundfundament i ekonomistyrning och avser styra i riktning mot långsiktiga mål. Vidare bör prestationsmätningen vara sprungen ur såväl långsiktiga mål som strategier där det på koncernnivå är av vikt att kongruens råder mellan moder- och dotterbolag. Vid utformning av en standardiserad modell för prestationsmätning måste hänsyn tas till rådande organisationsstruktur och företagsunika förutsättningar. Representerade mätetal avser påvisa kritiska områden med förhoppning att vidareutveckla verksamheten. Problemdiskussion: Koncernen Emballator Plastics & Innovations utgör tillsammans med underliggande dotterbolag ett konglomerat med koncerngemensam lean-strategi. Koncernen erhåller på månadsbasis rapporter över dotterbolagens prestationsmätning vilka upprättats utan direktiv ifrån koncernen och därmed är av särskiljande karaktär. Ett behov har uppkommit att låta standardisera en modell för prestationsmätning som samtliga dotterbolag kan nyttja för att enklare kunna skapa en övergripande bild över dotterbolagens prestationer. Prestationsmätningsmodellen skall vara standardiserad men samtidigt inte förbise företagsspecifika förutsättningar detta för att tillföra nytta på såväl koncern- som dotterbolagsnivå. Syfte: Denna studie syftar att utveckla en standardiserad prestationsmätningsmodell till Emballator Plastics & Innovations, vilken tar hänsyn till koncernens konglomerat och lean-strategi. Utvecklad prestationsmätningsmodell ämnar skapa en övergripande bild samt tillföra nytta på såväl moder- som dotterbolagsnivå. Metod: Detta är en fallstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Tillvägagångssätt för analys har varit av deduktiv karaktär där den teoretiska grunden i huvudsak baseras på vetenskapliga artiklar. Insamling av empiriskt material har erhållits via dokument samt intervjuer av övervägande semistrukturerad karaktär. Respondenter innefattar verkställande direktörer på koncern- liksom dotterbolagsnivå. Slutsats: Kongruens mellan långsiktiga mål och strategier på Emballator Plastics & Innovations och underliggande dotterbolag har identifierats. Med anledning av identifierad kongruens har förutsättningar funnits att utforma en standardiserad prestationsmätningsmodell. Väsentliga mätetal har utkristalliseras i avseende att skapa en övergripande bild över dotterbolagens prestationer. Modellens utformning främjar konglomeratet. / Background: Performance measurement is a basic foundation in financial management and control, where the intention is to fulfill long-term objectives. Performance measurement should therefore be developed with consideration to long-term objectives and strategies. Consequently, there is a need of congruence between the parent- and subsidiary level. When developing a standardized model for performance measurement, the current organizational structure and conglomerate needs to be considered. Represented key performance measurement aim to demonstrate the critical areas with the intention to influence improvements within the corporation. Problematization: Emballator Plastics & Innovations, is a composition of underlying subsidiaries, characterized of conglomerate and lean-strategy. The corporation receives monthly reports of the subsidiaries’ performance measurement, which have been constructed without directives from the corporation and this resulted in reports of distinctive character. Consequently, the need of a standardized model of performance measurement with the aim to easier receive a comprehensive picture of the subsidiaries' overall performance has arisen. However, the remaining problem is how to develop a standardized performance measurement model, which is beneficial for both parent- and subsidiary level, without ignoring the conglomerate. Purpose: This study aims to develop a standardized performance measurement model to Emballator Plastics & Innovations, where the corporations conglomerate and lean- strategy is taken into account. The developed performance measurement model intends to create an overall picture and bring benefits to both parent- and subsidiary level. Methodology: This is a case study with a qualitative approach. Procedure for analysis has been of deductive character where the theory is mainly based on scientific articles. Collection of empirical data has been obtained through documents and interviews with semi-structured character. Respondents include chief executives at parent- and subsidiary level. Conclusion: Congruence between long-term objectives and strategies at Emballator Plastics & Innovations and subsidiaries has been identified. Regarding to the identified congruence, potentials to develop a standardized performance measurement model have been secured. Significant key performance measurements have been detected, this with aim to receive an overall picture of the subsidiaries' performance. Finally, the design of the model has been designed in consideration of the conglomerate.