Bakgrund: Användningen av inhyrd personal har ökat till följd av ett ökat krav på flexibilitet och ingår numera allt oftare i personalstyrkan. Däremot inkluderas sällan den inhyrda personalen i den styrning som utformats för den ordinarie personalen. Styrning används för att påverka personalens beteenden så att de blir målkongruenta. Därför är det intressant att undersöka om inhyrd personal saknar ett målkongruent beteende och således har en negativ inverkan på företagets målkongruens. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och varför beteenden överlag skiljer sig åt mellan inhyrd och ordinarie personal hos ett valt företag. Forskningen skapar en djupare förståelse för hur inkludering/exkludering i olika styrmekanismer kan påverka de inhyrdas bidrag till målkongruens. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en induktiv ansats. Den forskningsdesign som tillämpats är en enfallsstudie. Empirin till studien har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med både inhyrd och ordinarie personal samt deras närmsta chef. Materialet har sedan analyserats och tolkats för att besvara forskningsfrågorna. Slutsats: Studien fann att de inhyrda medarbetarna har ett mindre målkongruent beteende än de ordinarie. Skillnaden beror framförallt på de inhyrdas exkludering från företagets formella styrmetoder. Att de inhyrda för det mesta inkluderas i de informella styrmetoderna förklarar varför de inhyrda till viss del ändå uppvisar ett målkongruent beteende. / Background: The use of temporary staff has increased as a result of an increased demand for flexibility and is now increasingly included in the personnel force. Despite that, the temporary staff are rarely included in the control designed for the ordinary staff. Control is used to influence staff behavior so that they become goal-congruent. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate if the temporary staff lack a goal congruent behavior and thus have a negative impact on the company's goal congruence. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether and why behaviors differ between temporary and ordinary staff, at a chosen company. The research creates a deeper understanding about how the inclusion/ exclusion in different control mechanisms influence the temporary staff to contribute to the target congruence Method: The study applies a qualitative research strategy with an inductive approach. The research design that has been applied is a case study at a chosen company. The empirical study has been collected through qualitative interviews with both temporary and ordinary staff and their closest manager. The material has then been analyzed and interpreted to answer the research questions. Conclusion: The study found that the temporary staff have a less goal-congruent behavior than the ordinary staff. The difference is mainly due to the temporary’s exclusion from the company's formal control methods. For the most part, the temporary staff is included in informal control methods, which explains why the they to some extent still have a goal-congruent behavior.

Background: The Theory of Cultural Distress offers a framework for understanding the potential outcomes in patients who do not receive care that incorporates their cultural beliefs (DeWilde & Burton, 2017).This study represents initial steps in researching the theory byexploring the layering of stressors that place the patient at risk for Cultural Distress. Methods: Utilized aCross-sectional descriptive correlational analysis of intersecting identities (Structural Stressors), ethnicity-related stressors (Otherness) and ethnic-identity (Otherness) to develop understanding of the potential effects of these variables on psychological stress. Independent variables included intersecting identities, perceived ethnic discrimination, concern for stereotype confirmation, own group conformity pressure, and group membership. The dependent variable was perceived stress. Participants were also asked to define the word culture. Results: Stereotype confirmation concern, perceived ethnic discrimination, group membership, and own group conformity pressure were significantly associated with perceived stress. Intersectionality was not significantly associated with perceived stress but was significantly associated with perceived ethnic discrimination. Regression analysis revealed stereotype confirmation concern, own group conformity pressure, and group membership as significant predictors of perceived stress. Participant definitions of culture primarily fell under two themes, Collectiveness and Individualness, indicating that the way we live is highly influenced by our shared experiences, and also a product of individual choices. Discussion: Results indicated that structural stressors had no influence on psychological stress but were associated with perceptions of discrimination. The experience of otherness significantly influenced psychological stress. Additional research and tool development is needed to better understand how structural stressors may influence psychological stress.

The growing number of minority populations living in the United States makes it mandatory that all health care organizations seek to be culturally sensitive. There is no consensus on the definition of the term cultural sensitivity. The goal of this thesis is to define what cultural sensitivity means in a rural health center, from the perspective of the staff as well as the Hispanic patient. Anthropological methods, such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival data analysis, show that the qualities that Hispanic patients value in a clinic are 1) attention, 2) availability of Spanish language, 3) financial assistance, 4) solution to their health problems, 5) presence of Hispanics around the clinic, and 6) clinic services. Furthermore, 90% of staff responses indicate acceptance and respect of patients health beliefs and practices. Results demonstrate that while the clinic is culturally sensitive, there are a few recommendations that would improve the quality of care that Hispanics receive. Based on the results of the data collection, a practical model for other rural health centers to build upon a culturally sensitive health care system is developed.

Disertaciją sudaro darbai, autoriaus atlikti 2006-2013 metais. Šiuos darbus jungianti tema yra algebrinių kreivių, apibrėžtų virš racionaliųjų skaičių, šeimos, einančios per taškus, kurių koordinatės priklauso duotam skaičių kūnui ar jo sveikųjų skaičių žiedui. Pirmoje disertacijos dalyje yra gaunama vidutinio mažo aukščio racionaliųjų taškų kiekio ant fiksuoto žanro hiperelipsinių kreivių asimptotika. Antroje dalyje šis rezultatas išplečiamas, apibūdinant vidutinį homogeninių daugianarių reikšmių taškuose, kurių koordinatės yra mažo aukščio tarpusavyje pirminiai skaičiai, sutampančių su duoto vieno kintamojo daugianario reikšmėmis sveikuosiuose taškuose, skaičių. Trečioje dalyje sukonstruojamos nedidelės kreivių, apibrėžtų virš racionaliųjų skaičių ir išvengiančių taškų, kurių koordinatės priklauso duotam skaičių kūnui, šeimos. Ketvirtoje dalyje nagrinėjamos kongruenčių skaičių kreivės. Įrodoma, kad bent pusė pirminių skaičių p, kurie lieka inertiški cikliniame skaičių kūne K, atitinka kreives 16p^2 = x^4 - y^2, neturinčias netrivialių taškų su koordinatėmis to kūno sveikųjų skaičių žiede. Paskutinėje dalyje iliustruojamas Gauso sveikųjų skaičių skaidymosi daugikliais vienatinumo taikymas įrodant, kad konkreti hiperelipsinė kreivė neturi taškų su sveikosiomis koordinatėmis. / In this document, the author collected his work that ranges through the years 2006-2013. The common theme that occurs in its five separate parts is that of families of algebraic curves defined over the rational numbers with points over a number field or over its ring of integers. In the first part, average number of rational points of small height on hyperelliptic curves of fixed genus is described. In the second part, this result is extended to describing how often, on average, values of homogeneous polynomials at pairs of small coprime integers are values of a given univariate polynomial with integer coefficients. Further, small families of curves that are defined over the rational numbers and do not have points over a given number field are constructed. In the subsequent part, congruent number curves are investigated. It is shown that, given a cyclic number field K, at least half of the prime numbers p that remain inert in K correspond to curves 16p^2 = x^4 - y^2 that do not have nontrivial points over the ring of integers of K. In the last part, a short exposition to a classical technique of showing that a particular curve does not have integral points is given.

In this document, the author collected his work that ranges through the years 2006 - 2013. The common theme that occurs in its five parts is that of families of algebraic curves defined over the rational numbers with points over a number field or over its ring of integers. In the first part, average number of rational points of small height on hyperelliptic curves of fixed genus is described. In the second part, this result is extended to describing how often, on average, values of homogeneous polynomials at pairs of small coprime integers are values of a given univariate polynomial with integer coefficients. Further, small families of curves that are defined over the rational numbers and do not have points over a given number field are constructed. In the subsequent part, congruent number curves are investigated. It is shown that, given a cyclic number field K, at least half of the prime numbers p that remain inert in K correspond to curves 16p^2 = x^4 - y^2 that do not have nontrivial points over the ring of integers of K. In the last part, a short exposition to a classical technique of showing that a particular curve does not have integral points is given. / Disertaciją sudaro darbai, autoriaus atlikti 2006-2013 metais. Šiuos darbus jungianti tema yra algebrinių kreivių, apibrėžtų virš racionaliųjų skaičių, šeimos, einančios per taškus, kurių koordinatės priklauso duotam skaičių kūnui ar jo sveikųjų skaičių žiedui. Pirmoje disertacijos dalyje yra gaunama vidutinio mažo aukščio racionaliųjų taškų kiekio ant fiksuoto žanro hiperelipsinių kreivių asimptotika. Antroje dalyje šis rezultatas išplečiamas, apibūdinant vidutinį homogeninių daugianarių reikšmių taškuose, kurių koordinatės yra mažo aukščio tarpusavyje pirminiai skaičiai, sutampančių su duoto vieno kintamojo daugianario reikšmėmis sveikuosiuose taškuose, skaičių. Trečioje dalyje sukonstruojamos nedidelės kreivių, apibrėžtų virš racionaliųjų skaičių ir išvengiančių taškų, kurių koordinatės priklauso duotam skaičių kūnui, šeimos. Ketvirtoje dalyje nagrinėjamos kongruenčių skaičių kreivės. Įrodoma, kad bent pusė pirminių skaičių p, kurie lieka inertiški cikliniame skaičių kūne K, atitinka kreives 16p^2 = x^4 - y^2, neturinčias netrivialių taškų su koordinatėmis to kūno sveikųjų skaičių žiede. Paskutinėje dalyje iliustruojamas Gauso sveikųjų skaičių skaidymosi daugikliais vienatinumo taikymas įrodant, kad konkreti hiperelipsinė kreivė neturi taškų su sveikosiomis koordinatėmis.

The exponential growth of culturally diverse populations in the United States has led to a multicultural patient population while the nursing workforce remains predominantly White. At the project site, managers identified that staff nurses struggled to deliver culturally competent care. The purpose of this project was to improve the cultural competence of registered nurses (RNs) through a transcultural nursing education program. Leininger's transcultural nursing theory guided the project. Sources of evidence used to develop a face-to-face educational program included peer-reviewed journals, credible websites, and the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-R tool. Aggregate pretest and posttest scores were used to determine RNs' competency levels. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for data analysis, and a paired t test was used to determine the impact of the program. Of the 22 participants, 4 (18%) scored within the culturally competent range on the pretest, compared to 17 (77%) on the posttest. These findings were statistically significant (p < 0.000) and demonstrated a positive outcome from the educational project. Key recommendations are to continue this education for other RNs in the facility and at other facilities in the network. The implications of this project for positive social change include raising the cultural competency of nurses, which has the potential to improve patient outcomes.

The aim of this thesis is to compare the use of postmodifiers in an English source text and its Czech translation. 200 English postmodifiers are contrasted against their 200 Czech translation equivalents. These samples were excerpted from randomly chosen parts of four bilingual books written by British and American authors and translated by native speakers of Czech. 50 English samples and their translations were excerpted from each book. The 400 occurrences of postmodifiers and their equivalents are analyzed from a syntactico-semantic point of view, the aim being to determine the constancy of the syntactic functions of English postmodifiers in translation, as well as the constancy of their realization forms. The theoretical background part will present and compare postmodification and its realization forms in English and in Czech. The actual analysis of all 400 samples will examine both the frequency of individual postmodifier types in English, and the convergent and divergent realization forms of these in the Czech translation. Special heed will be paid to divergences arisen through different language facts, such as English non-finite verb forms or Czech case endings that enable nominal postmodification without a preposition. An attempt will be made to classify the non-postmodifying translation...

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar processos verbais nominalizados e analisar suas funções na produção textual de alunos do Ensino Médio, considerando-se o uso de nominalizações do ponto de vista da oração como mensagem, que se organiza em torno do sistema de Tema e Rema. A pesquisa baseia-se na teoria sistêmico-funcional (Halliday, 1994, Halliday e Matthiessen, 2004) para o estudo da metáfora gramatical através da identificação de formas metafóricas que apresentam variação léxico-gramatical na expressão de um dado significado e são consideradas como mais elaboradas do que as formas congruentes. Essas transformações na estrutura lingüística têm início a partir da adolescência e variam em função de contextos que demandam novos usos da língua. Para analisar o uso de formas nominalizadas na escrita escolar, cinquenta textos dissertativo-argumentativos em língua portuguesa, produzidos por alunos da terceira série do Ensino Médio, foram coletados em uma escola pública e uma particular. Além disso, os participantes da pesquisa responderam a um questionário socioeducacional cujos resultados foram quantificados visando a evidenciar fatores individuais e/ou sociais que pudessem estar relacionados à sua produção textual. A análise qualitativa identificou o uso de nominalizações (Basilio, 2003) com diferentes funções discursivas. Em relação à estrutura temática, observou-se que as nominalizações estabelecem relações lógicas e favorecem o fluxo das informações no texto. A comparação entre textos evidenciou uma variação no uso da linguagem metafórica nos diferentes contextos educacionais. A partir desses resultados, propõe-se a conscientização de alunos e professores quanto aos efeitos textuais e discursivos que certos mecanismos linguísticos podem criar, visando evitar a produção de textos pouco proficientes para a finalidade a que se propõem. / [en] The aim of this study is to identify nominalized verbal processes and analyze their functions in the written production of secondary school students. These nominalizations are examined in clauses viewed as messages, which are organized according to the Theme and Rheme system. The research is based on systemic-functional theory (Halliday, 1994, Halliday e Matthiessen, 2004) for the study of grammatical metaphor through the identification of metaphorical constructions which present lexico-grammatical variation in the expression of meaning, being therefore considered as more complex than congruent forms. These transformations within linguistic structures start to appear in early adolescence, varying according to new contexts that require specific uses of the language. In order to study the use of nominalized forms in school writing, fifty argumentative essays in Portuguese were collected among 12th grade students from public and private secondary schools. Research participants also answered a socioeducational questionnaire that generated quantitative data so that social and/or individual features could be associated with students textual production. Qualitative analysis led into the identification of nominalizations (Basilio, 2003) with different discursive functions. Concerning the thematic structure, it was observed that nominalizations establish logical relations and help develop the flow of information in texts. A comparison between texts pointed out variation in metaphorical language use in different school contexts. These results indicate that it is important to make students and teachers aware of the textual and discursive effects that some linguistic mechanisms can produce, and based on this knowledge possibly avoid the production of texts that are not adequate to their intended purpose.

[pt] A falta de consciência dos déficits cognitivos ou da doença (ou anosognosia) é uma característica frequente na doença de Alzheimer (DA). No entanto, existe uma variabilidade na apresentação e na severidade da anosognosia em pacientes com DA. Com base no Cognitive Awareness Model (CAM), esta tese tem como objetivo explorar experimentalmente dois fatores que podem possivelmente influenciar a consciência das habilidades cognitivas, a saber, o estado de humor atual e a perspectiva através da qual a informação é apresentada, na DA. A primeira parte desta tese explora o impacto do estado de humor na consciência dos déficits. Como sugerido no CAM que vieses emocionais podem influenciar o acesso para memórias pessoais, consequentemente levando a anosognosia, uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida para entender melhor o efeito de memória congruente ao humor em adultos saudáveis (Article 1). Em seguida, apresentamos um estudo experimental investigando esta hipótese na DA (Article 2). Nesse estudo, estados de humor negativos e neutros foram experimentalmente induzidos usando quatro tarefas de Success-Failure Manipulation (SFM), duas tarefas com base no tempo de reação e duas com base na memória. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da consciência dos sintomas após a indução de humor negativo, mas somente quando a tarefa usada no SFM era com base na memória. A segunda parte deste trabalho investiga se a perspectiva através qual a informação é apresentada (auto vs. outro) influencia as habilidades metacognitivas de pacientes com DA. De fato, uma revisão da literatura destacou que estudos explorando o impacto da tomada de perspectiva na metacognição com diferentes populações neurológicas e psiquiátricas mostraram que os pacientes são capazes de reconhecer déficits em outros, apesar da apresentar uma falta de consciência das suas próprias dificuldades (Article 3). Em seguida, um estudo experimental foi conduzido pedindo para pacientes com DA e controles avaliar o seu próprio desempenho em quatro diferentes tarefas, assim como avaliar o desempenho de uma pessoa conhecida (cuidador/esposo/amigo) (Article 4). Nossos resultados destacam que, em geral ambos os grupos superestimaram mais quando avaliavam o desempenho de uma pessoa conhecida. No entanto, pacientes com DA tenderam a superestimar mais o desempenho em comparação com controles, mas somente no experimento envolvendo tarefas de memória. Em resumo, os resultados destes estudos dão suporte experimental a três aspectos sugeridos pelo CAM como fatores influenciando a consciência de déficits. Em primeiro lugar, as achados sobre a relação entre humor e consciência apoiam à ideia de vieses emocionais na memória como uma explicação parcial para anosognosia. Em segundo lugar, os resultados mostrando que os pacientes com DA avaliam o próprio desempenho de uma forma diferente em comparação a avaliação do desempenho de uma pessoa conhecida apoiam à inclusão de diferentes registros de memória para informações pessoais e para informações sobre os outros na versão reformulada do CAM. Em terceiro lugar, nossos achados mostrando diferenças nos resultados dependendo do tipo de tarefa usado no SFM (tempo de reação vs. memória) reforçam o conceito de uma consciência dos déficits como sendo multidimensional, conceito que está na base do aspecto modular do CAM. / [en] Lack of awareness about cognitive deficits or illness, also named anosognosia, is a common feature of Alzheimer s disease (AD). However, there is variability in the presentation and severity of anosognosia in patients with AD. Based on the Cognitive Awareness Model (CAM), this thesis aims to explore experimentally two factors which could possibly influence the awareness of cognitive abilities in AD, namely current mood state and the perspective through which the information is presented. The first section of this thesis explores the impact of mood state on awareness of deficits. As it has been suggested in the CAM that emotional biases could influence the access to personal memories, consequently leading to anosognosia, a systematic literature review was conducted to understand better the mood-congruent memory effect in healthy adults (Article 1). Then, we present an experimental study investigating this hypothesis in AD (Article 2). In this study, negative and neutral mood states were experimentally induced using four Success-Failure Manipulation (SFM) tasks, two based on reaction time tasks and the other on memory tasks. The results showed an improvement of awareness of symptoms after negative mood induction, but only when the task used in the SFM was memory-based. The second section of this work investigates if the perspective through which the information is presented (self vs. other) has an influence on metacognitive abilities of patients with AD. Indeed, a literature review highlighted that studies exploring the impact of perspective taking on metacognition with different neurologic and psychiatric populations showed that patients are able to recognize deficits in others, despite lack of awareness of their own difficulties (Article 3). Then, an experimental study was conducted by asking AD patients and controls to evaluate their own performance on four different tasks, as well as the performance of a well-known person (caregiver/spouse/friend) (Article 4). Our findings highlight that overall both groups made higher overestimation when evaluating the performance of a well-known person. However, AD patients tended to overestimate more the performance compared to controls but only in the memory experiment. In summary, results of these studies give experimental support to three aspects suggested by the CAM as factors influencing awareness of deficits. First, the findings on the relationship between mood and awareness support the idea of emotional biases in memory as a partial explanation for anosognosia. Second, the results showing that AD patients appraise the evaluation of selfperformance differently than the evaluation of a well-known person s performance support the inclusion of different memory records for self- and otherinformation in the reformulated version of the CAM. Third, by presenting differences in results depending on the type of task used in the SFM (reaction time vs. memory), our findings reinforce the concept that awareness is multidimensional, on which is based the modular aspect of the CAM.

This research was stimulated by an indication that members of the Africa Gospel Church do not utilise professional health care services optimally, probably due to religious reasons. This may also be the result of registered nurses&#8217; inability to render culture congruent care. To render culture congruent care, nurses require knowledge of the belief system and the health seeking behaviours of the church members. The qualitative research investigated the religious beliefs and health seeking behaviours of members of the Africa Gospel Church in Francistown, Botswana. An exploratory ethnonursing research method was applied. Semi-structured interviews were held with two purposively selected samples. Qualitative data analysis was done using computer software to reduce data and interpret the research results. The study indicated that members utilise the Church structure for health care purposes and seek health care mainly from priests and prophets. / Advanced Nursing Sciences / M.A. (Nursing Science)