O setor da construção civil em países desenvolvidos tem caminhado no sentido da industrialização e da sustentabilidade dos materiais construtivos e estruturais, e neste sentido a construção em madeira maciça tem ganhado destaque. Produtos como painéis de CLT já estão sendo usados para construção de grandes prédios multipavimentos, porem outros produtos que utilizam o mesmo princípio da laminação cruzada vem ganhando espaço, como é o caso do painel de lamelas cruzadas cavilhadas, chamado de DCLT. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o comportamento estrutural de painéis DCLT com lamelas feitas com madeira de Pinus Elliottii e Pinus Taeda e cavilhas de pau-roxo (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), onde foi desenvolvido um modelo de ensaio específico para as ligações neste tipo de painel, simulações em software de elementos finitos no modelo de ensaio desenvolvido, ensaios de flexão nos painéis de tamanho estrutural e posterior comparação com os métodos analíticos de cálculo de painéis de lamelas cruzada. Os resultados obtidos para rigidez dos painéis foram de 727 e 1353 kNm² para o painel de 3 e 5 camadas, respectivamente. Os valores analíticos ficaram muito próximos aos valores experimentais, validando o novo procedimento de ensaio com o qual foi obtido o valor do módulo de deslizamento usado nos cálculos analíticos. Em termos de resistência, o painel de 3 camadas se mostrou mais resistente, pois com uma dimensão menor, resistiu proporcionalmente mais carga. De maneira geral, os painéis poderiam vencer vãos de até quatro metros suportando uma carga de 150 kg/m², mostrando ser um potencial produto para uso em obras residenciais. / The construction sector in developed countries has been moving towards industrialization and sustainability of construction and structural materials and in this sense solid wood construction has gained prominence. New products such as CLT panels are used for construction of multi-storey building, and other products that use the same principle of cross lamination have been gaining ground, as is the case of the dowel cross laminated timber panel, called DCLT. In this study, we evaluated the structural behavior of DCLT panels with Pinus Elliottii and Pinus Taeda wood lamellae and pau-roxo dowels (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae), where a specific test model was developed for connections in this type. Finite element simulations was made for the developed test model, bending tests on structural size panels and subsequent comparison with the analytical methods of calculating cross sided panels. The results obtained for the sttiffiness of the panels were 727 and 1353 kNm² for the 3 and 5 layer panels, respectively. The analytical values were very close to the experimental values, validating the new test procedure with which the value of the slip module used in the analytical calculations was obtained. In terms of strength, the 3-layer panel was more resistant, because with a smaller size, it resisted proportionally more load. In general, the panels could cover span of up to four meters supporting a load of 150 kg/m², proving to be a potential product for use in residential works.

Dans la théorie des D-modules, on définit les systèmes de Gauss-Manin par l'image directe par un morphisme du faisceau structural. Un résultat essentiel est leur régularité. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à l'irrégularité d'un analogue des systèmes de Gauss-Manin, l'image directe par un polynôme f d'un D-module élémentaire associé à un polynôme g, essentiellement dans le cas à deux variables. On utilisera deux approches que l'on comparera. Cette irrégularité permet de contrôler la croissance non modérée des intégrales d'une forme algébrique relative sur une collection de classes d'homologie dans les fibres de f, localement constante à supports fermés convenablement choisis. Dans une première méthode, nous exprimerons l'irrégularité en c de ces systèmes à l'aide de la courbe discriminante de f et g. On utilisera pour cela les travaux de Lê Dung Trang et C. Weber sur les résolutions à l'infini. En utilisant le théorème de commutation dû à Z. Mebkhout de l'image directe avec le complexe d'irrégularité, on se ramène alors aux calculs de caractéristiques d'Euler de complexes d'irrégularité de D-modules à deux variables dont le lieu singulier est un croisement normal. Un résultat de C. Sabbah permet alors de lier ces caractéristiques d'Euler à celles d'une fibre de Milnor. Pour l'irrégularité à l'infini, il faut ajouter une courbe spéciale qui provient des diviseurs dicritiques pour f et g d'une résolution à l'infini. Dans une deuxième méthode, on se ramènera au cas où f et g sont des projections. On exprimera alors l'irrégularité en fonction des cycles caractéristiques du complexe image directe par (f,g) du faisceau structural.

<p>The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the early process of socialization and its influence on the choices in life, with the example taken from the agricultural family. The question is considering how the process of socialization within an agricultural family has influenced on the choices in life of four women. A qualitative method with a hermeneutic, phenomenologic perspective is applied and four interviews have been done with women who all grew up in an agricultural family. The results have been analysed through social constructive-, psychodynamic-, attachment- and cognitive theory. The results indicate that socialization is a complex process. The women have early been socialized in the discourse of work with distinct norms and set of values, which seems to follow them in their grown-up life. Not only the discourse but also the early relations within the families seems to have been influenced by the conditions of farming. We are of the opinion that the early relations within the families have influenced on the choices in life of these four women. Also, the commitment to a Free Church communion during the growth has been a strong factor of socialization to these women. Above all, we think that the decision of leaving the Free Church communion has had a great significance to these women, for example in their choice of residential area.</p>

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OFFSHORE wind farms need to develop technologies that fulfill three main objectives:Efficiency, power density and reliability. The purpose of this thesisis to study an HVDC transmission system based on series connection of the turbineswhich theoretically meet these three objectives. A new topology of matrixconverter operated at high frequency is proposed. This converter is studied usingdifferent modulation algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstratedthat the converter can be operated as a current source converter with highefficiency. An optimal control based on a linear quadratic regulator is proposedto control the matrix converter as well as the converter placed on shore. Resultsdemonstrated the high performance of this type of control and its simplicity forimplementation. An stationary state study based on non-linear programming andMontecarlo simulation was carried out to determine the performance of the conceptfor long-term operation. Series connection is an efficient technology if and only ifthe differences in the effective wind velocity are small. This aspect limits the numberof wind turbines that can be connected in series, since a numerous number ofturbines will lead to high covariances in the distribution of the wind. A complementarystudy about active filter and reactive power compensation was carried outusing an optimization-based algorithm.

The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the early process of socialization and its influence on the choices in life, with the example taken from the agricultural family. The question is considering how the process of socialization within an agricultural family has influenced on the choices in life of four women. A qualitative method with a hermeneutic, phenomenologic perspective is applied and four interviews have been done with women who all grew up in an agricultural family. The results have been analysed through social constructive-, psychodynamic-, attachment- and cognitive theory. The results indicate that socialization is a complex process. The women have early been socialized in the discourse of work with distinct norms and set of values, which seems to follow them in their grown-up life. Not only the discourse but also the early relations within the families seems to have been influenced by the conditions of farming. We are of the opinion that the early relations within the families have influenced on the choices in life of these four women. Also, the commitment to a Free Church communion during the growth has been a strong factor of socialization to these women. Above all, we think that the decision of leaving the Free Church communion has had a great significance to these women, for example in their choice of residential area.

In this thesis, I analyze the classical tripartite definition of knowledge. According to this definition there are three conditions for a knowledge claim to arise, namely, belief, truth and justification conditions. The main problem with this definition is even if these three conditions are satisfied one may not know a proposition p because of the fact that the justification of the proposition p may not be relevant in showing that p is true. Therefore, my primary purpose is to establish a strong conceptual connection between justification and truth conditions. To realize this, first, I defend a three-way interrelation between these three conditions. Second, I inquire as to which kind of justification should lead us to which kind of truth. To answer to this question, I postulate three kinds of realities, namely, Subjective Reality, Inter-Subjective Reality, and Allegedly Pure Reality. Furthermore, I re-define the justification condition in such way that there is a kind of whole justification and it requires both internal and external justification. According to this conception of reality and re-definition of justification there already exists a strong conceptual connection between internal justification and Subjective Reality which is completely subject-relative. And I defend the existence of such a connection also between the whole justification and Inter-Subjective Reality. Finally, I argue that no conception of justification can lead us to an Allegedly Pure Reality that the hardest version of skepticism claims to exist.

The scalar tensor theory of gravitation is constructed in D dimensions in all possible geometries of spacetime. In Riemannian geometry, theory of gravitation involves a spacetime metric g with a torsion-free, metric compatible connection structure. If the geometry is non-Riemannian, then the gauge theory of gravitation can be constructed with a spacetime metric g and a connection structure with torsion. In non-Riemannian theory, connections may be metric compatible or non-metric compatible. It is shown that theory of gravitation which involves non-metric compatible connection and torsion, can be rewritten in terms of torsion-free theory. It is also shown that scalar tensor theory can be reformulated in Einstein frame by applying a conformal transformation. By adding an antisymmetric axion field, the axi-dilaton theory is studied in Riemannian and non-Riemannian geometries. Motion of massive test particles is examined in all these geometries. The static, spherically symmetric and stationary, Kerr-type axially symmetric solutions of the scalar tensor and axi-dilaton theories are presented. As an application, the geodesic elliptical orbits based on a torsion-free connection and the autoparallel orbits based on a connection with a torsion, are examined in Kerr Brans-Dicke geometry. Perihelion shift of the elliptical orbit is calculated in both cases and the results are compared.

Dark matter has been shown to be extremely abundant in our universe. It comprises about 23 percent of the energy density of the entire universe, which is more than five times greater than the regular matter we already know about. Dark matter cannot be explained within the Standard Model of particle physics. However, models which extend the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry, can explain dark matter. This dissertation investigates the signals of some supersymmetry models in the context of collider physics. If dark matter particles or other supersymmetry particles are produced at some collider experiment, such as the Large Hadron Collider, it is important to know how we can find and measure the signatures and properties of these particles. This dissertation provides some measurement techniques for that exact purpose. These measurement techniques are also very general, making them useful for examining other models of particle physics as well. Lastly, if the supersymmetry model can be understood well enough from collider data, the connection back to cosmology can be made. Namely, it is possible to determine (from LHC data and using a standard cosmological calculation) the abundance of dark matter in the universe. Comparing this collider value with the value already measured will be a crucial step in understanding dark matter. This dissertation provides simulated results of this dark matter abundance calculation for a number of supersymmetry model points.

Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standard library interface for writing parallel programs. The MPI specification is broadly used for solving engineering and scientific problems on parallel computers, and MPICH2 is a popular MPI implementation developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The scalability of MPI implementations is very important for building high performance parallel computing applications. The initial TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) network module developed for Nemesis communication sub-system in the MPICH2 library, however, was not scalable in how it established connections: pairwise connections between all of an application's processes were established during the initialization of the application (the library call to MPI_Init), regardless of whether the connections were eventually needed or not. In this work, we have developed a new TCP network module for Nemesis that establishes connections on-demand. The on-demand connection establishment scheme is designed to improve the scalability of the TCP network module in MPICH2 library, aiming to reduce the initialization time and the use of operating system resources of MPI applications. Our performance benchmark results show that MPI_Init in the on-demand connection establishment scheme becomes a fast constant time operation, and the additional cost of establishing connections later is negligible. The on-demand connection establishment between two processes, especially when two processes attempt to connect to each other simultaneously, is a complex task due to race-conditions and thus prone to hard-to-reproduce defects. To assure ourselves of the correctness of the TCP network module, we modeled its design using the SPIN model checker, and verified safety and liveness properties stated as Linear Temporal Logic claims.