The Ngorongoro Crater is a volcanic caldera located within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania. The Crater comprises a flat grassland plain surrounded by steep, bushy walls. It contains extremely high densities of animals and is ecologically the central feature of Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The management of the Ngorongoro Crater has changed significantly in recent times, with cattle being removed and fire excluded about 30 years ago. A detailed vegetation assessment was carried out in the Crater floor by Herlocker & Dirschl in 1972. Since then noticeable changes in vegetation structure and composition, with associated changes in wild herbivore numbers have occurred. The original vegetation survey was repeated in this study as accurately as possible using similar point-based techniques in order to quartify changes and form a baseline for management decision-making and future monitoring. In addition to repeating the vegetation survey, the standing biomass was estimated using a Pasture Disc Meter with associated calibration equations. Data were summarised using multivariate classification and ordination techniques in order to delineate six Homogenous Vegetation Units (HVUs) which can be used for management and management planning purposes, define transects and HVUs in terms of dominant species, describe the main species in relation to their occurrence in different associations and determine the fuel load of the standing crop. A key grass species technique was developed for rapid assessment of the Crater rangeland by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area staff who only need to be familiar with the dominant species. Bush surveys using a point centred quarter technique were conducted along transects in two distinct vegetation types, namely the Lerai Forest and Ngoitokitok Acacia xanthophloea forests and the lower caldera scrub vegetation. The data collected from these transacts were analysed to determine density and composition of the vegetation in the various height classes and the overall structure of the vegetation communities, A range monitoring system in conjunction with a controlled burning programme has been developed to provide an objective means of managing the- rangeland of the Ngorongoro Crater. Data revealed that changes have taken place in the vegetation, with a trend towards dominance by taller grasses and dominance by fewer species. Lack of fire has probably contributed to these changes. Reincorporating fire in the crater is recommended. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Vantil Agrizzi.pdf: 2677028 bytes, checksum: 1e5aaf2da2a89c65f2268ae294932188 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água de nascentes no assentamento Paraíso, localizado no município de Alegre, ES. A pecuária leiteira é a principal atividade econômica desenvolvida na região e, em 2006, o INCRA, junto aos assentados, iniciou um trabalho de recomposição das APP s das nascentes que resultou atualmente em diferentes tratamentos ao redor dos olhos d água, de acordo com os cuidados e expectativas de cada produtor. Das 25 nascentes existentes, oito foram selecionadas: N1, em meio à floresta remanescente de Mata Atlântica; N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 e N7 estão em recuperação, sendo que as nascentes estão cercadas, porém, variando no tamanho da área cercada, na topografia, no estágio de recuperação alcançado e no tipo de vegetação existente; e a N8, sem cerca e com acesso livre dos animais de criação. Três amostras de água foram coletadas em cada nascente entre novembro/2011 e março/2012 e analisados 17 parâmetros: coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pH, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrogênio total, fósforo total, ferro, cálcio, magnésio, temperatura, turbidez, condutividade elétrica (CE) e sólidos suspensos, dissolvidos e totais. Os resultados foram comparados com os padrões normativos da legislação para potabilidade e para qualidade ambiental da água, tendo-se calculado o Índice de Qualidade de Água seguindo metodologia adaptada da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), na qual foram retirados os parâmetros pH e OD, por terem sidos considerados não importantes para o cálculo de qualidade para essas nascentes. Técnicas de análise estatística multivariada foram utilizadas para facilitar a interpretação do grande número de parâmetros, por meio da análise de componentes principais (ACP) e análise de agrupamento (AA). A partir da ACP, selecionaram-se dois componentes que explicaram 67,60% da variância total dos dados, e os parâmetros que mais explicam as variações entre as nascentes são: coliformes termotolerantes e totais, DBO, CE, alcalinidade, turbidez, sólidos suspensos totais e temperatura. Na AA três grupos foram formados, distinguindo-se o grupo I, formado pelas nascentes cercadas, o grupo II, composto pela N1, e o grupo III, composto pela N8. O grupo I apresentou a melhor qualidade de água e o grupo III a pior, revelando a importância da proteção de nascentes. A qualidade da água em meio à floresta foi pouco inferior às do grupo I por ter tido mais contato com contaminantes microbiológicos (excrementos de animais silvestres) e por ter recebido maior aporte de matéria orgânica e sedimentos que aquelas protegidas pelo adensamento de gramíneas forrageiras / The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of springs in the Paraíso settlement, located in city of Alegre,ES. The dairy production is the main economic activity developed in the region and in 2006, the National Institute of Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA), joined the settlers, started a project of reconstruction of Mandatory Preservation Areas (APP S) of the springs which resulted in different treatments around the springs, according to the treatment and expectations of each producer. Out of 25 existing springs, eight were selected: N1, in an Atlantic Forest remnant; N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7 are in recovery, being that the springs are fenced, however, ranging in size of the fenced area, in topography, recovery stages reached and type of existing vegetation; and the N8 wasn t fenced and access the farm animals had free access. Three samples of water were collected in each spring between November/2011 and March/2012 and 17 parameters were analyzed: total and thermotolerant coliforms, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, calcium, magnesium, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved suspended total solid. The results were compared to the normative standards of legislation for environmental quality and portability of water and was calculated the Water Quality Index following the method adapted from a Environmental Company of São Paulo (CETESB), in which the parameters pH and DO were taken out because they werent consider important for the quality calculation of these springs. Multivariate statistical analysis technique was utilized to facilitate the interpretation of the large number of parameters thru the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Based on the ACP, two components were selected which explained 67.60% of total variance of the data and the parameters best explains the variation between the springs are: total and thermotolerant coliforms, BOD, EC, alkalinity, the turbidity, suspended total solids and temperature. In the CA, three groups were formed, distinguishing group I, formed by the fenced springs, group II, consisting N1 and group III consisting N8. Group I presented the best water quality and group III the worst, revealing the importance of the protection of springs. The water quality in the forest was slightly lower than group I to have had more contact with microbiological contaminants (excrement of wild animals) and to have received greater input of organic matter and sediments than those protected by the density of forage grasses

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5268.pdf: 3195049 bytes, checksum: 5e736f91c3660de9c73541e9575d704e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The failure to consider the existence of traditional communities in the implementation of protected areas has created serious social problems, causing the reorganization of their lifestyles and therefore change in the identity of the residents. The general objective of this research is based on the relationship between memory and identity, to analyze how elements of social memory of the residents of the community of Marujá − State Park of Ilha do Cardoso São Paulo Brazil dialogue with the political and administrative guidelines in the process of reconstructing their identities. Our intention is to identify changes in administrative policy guidelines, comparing the different editions of the management plan, as well as analyzing the performance of the committee to support management; rebuild community social memories and expectations experienced today; identify the influence of experiences passed on certain cultural and economic spheres of everyday life of the subject, and to analyze the relationship that is established between the social memory of the local population and the politicaladministrative guidelines currently proposed. Information was obtained through bibliographical and documental analysis, pre-interviews and interviews which combined oral reports of life histories and exploratory questions. The information was recorded, transcribed and analyzed to constitute categories: memories of place, memories of work and memories of resistance that allowed us to understand the relation between relationship between memory, political and amministrative guidelines and identity in the community of the conservation area mentioned. From this analysis, we conclude that social memory serve as an instrument for interpretation of present, producing the 'new' and linking it to the past and relates to the political administrative guidelines to the extent that residents participate democratically in PEIC ´s management and have ensured their permanence by recategorization of some patches of land conservation area in which they live and develop their economic activities. Accordingly, the protected areas would become also places where traditional identity can live and accept the new and thus translate themselves. / A desconsideração da existência das comunidades tradicionais na implantação das Unidades de Conservação tem gerado graves problemas sociais, causando a reorganização dos seus modos de vida e, consequentemente, alterações na identidade dos moradores. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é, a partir da relação existente entre memória e identidade, analisar como elementos da memória social dos moradores da comunidade de Marujá − Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso dialogam com as diretrizes político administrativas no processo de reconstrução de suas identidades. Especificamente pretende-se identificar as mudanças nas diretrizes político administrativas, comparando as diferentes edições do plano de manejo, bem como analisando a atuação do comitê de apoio à gestão; reconstruir as memórias sociais da comunidade e as expectativas vividas atualmente; identificar a influência de experiências passadas sobre determinadas esferas culturais e econômicas da vida do sujeito cotidianas; e, analisar a relação que se estabelece entre a memória social da população local e as diretrizes político-administrativas propostas atualmente. As informações foram obtidas por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, de pré-entrevistas e de entrevistas que combinaram relatos orais de histórias de vida e perguntas exploratórias. As informações foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas de modo a eleger as categorias: memórias de lugar, memórias de trabalho e memórias de resistência; que permitiram compreender a relação entre memória, diretrizes políticoadministrativas e identidade existente na comunidade da Unidade de Conservação mencionada. A partir dessa análise, concluímos que a memória social serve como instrumento de interpretação do presente, produzindo o novo e o ligando ao passado e relaciona-se com as diretrizes político administrativas na medida em que os moradores participem democraticamente da gestão do PEIC e tenham sua permanência assegurada pela recategorização de algumas manchas territoriais da Unidade de Conservação nas quais habitam e desenvolvem suas atividades econômicas. Nestas condições, as Unidades de Conservação tornar-se-iam também lugares onde a identidade tradicional possa viver e aceitar o novo e, assim, traduzir-se.

Como uma das ações voltadas à restauração de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) degradadas do ribeirão Campestre em Saltinho-SP, o presente trabalho construiu, de forma participativa, e avaliou em campo indicadores de avaliação e monitoramento do Potencial de Auto-Recuperação (PAR) de 4 APPs em diferentes estágios de degradação. Inicialmente, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, exploramos e relacionamos alguns elementos constitutivos da Campesinidade e do Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL) dos agricultores interessados em restaurar suas próprias APPs. Os indicativos dessa relação sugerem que a construção de espaços que potencializem a contribuição do CEL em projetos de recuperação de APPs podem ser planejados de acordo com a campesinidade de cada grupo social envolvido. A contribuição do CEL foi levantada a partir da Representação Social dos agricultores participantes sobre sucessão secundária e foi orientada, por meio de um roteiro de entrevista, à construção de indicadores de avaliação e monitoramento do PAR de cada uma das áreas estudadas. Observamos por esta metodologia que o entendimento dos processos ecológicos e os indicadores propostos pelos agricultores guardam correspondência com conhecimento acumulado pela academia. Avaliamos em campo os 7 indicadores sugeridos pelos agricultores que mais se relacionavam à literatura correspondente. Destes indicadores destacaram-se: a) distância e estado de conservação dos fragmentos próximos; b) avifauna; c) umidade relativa do solo e; d) regeneração natural, por representarem melhor o PAR de cada área estudada. Por fim, avaliamos 4 diferentes intervenções, idealizadas pelos agricultores participantes em suas próprias APPs, com propósito de acelerar o processo de restauração ecológica e observamos que, as intervenções dos agricultores de maior campesinidade e, portanto, de maior CEL, apresentaram melhores resultados. / As one the actions aimed to the recovery of degraded Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA's) in Ribeirão Campestre, Saltinho, this dissertation built a mean, participatively, and assessed, in the field, evaluating indicators and the monitoring of the Potential of Self-Recovery (PSR) of 4 PPA's in different stages of degradation. Initially, by means of semi-structured interviews, some constitutive elements of Peasantry and of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of agriculture workers interested in restore their own PPA's were explored. The indicators of such relation suggest that the construction of spaces to potentialize the contribution of LEK in projects aiming the recovering of PPA's may be planned according to the Peasantry of each social group involved. LEK contribution was raised from the Social Representation of participating agriculture workers over secondary succession and was guided, through a script of interview, to the construction of evaluating indicators and monitoring of PSR of each area analyzed/studied. Through this methodology, it was observed that the understanding of ecological processes and the indicators proposed by the agriculture workers have correspondence with the Knowledge added by Academy. It was evaluated, in field, 7 indicators proposed by the agriculture workers that were most related to the correspondent literature. Among these indicators, the following ones are highlighted: a) distance and state of conservation of close fragments; b) avifauna; c) relative humidity of the soil and; d) natural regeneration, for it best represents the PSR of each area analyzed/studied. Finally, 4 different interventions were evaluated, idealized by the participating agriculture workers on their own ppa's, aiming to speed-up the process of ecological restoration and it was observed that the interventions of the agriculture workers with highest level of Peasantry, thus highest LEK, presented better results.

O presente trabalho avaliou não somente a abundância e densidade de mamíferos e aves cinegéticas na área do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), mas também identificou fatores que influenciaram a ocorrência e distribuição destas espécies. O PESM tem ao todo 3.150 km2 e é o maior remanescente de florestas contínuas de Mata Atlântica no Brasil. Foram percorridos 633,55 km em 15 trilhas distribuídas em três núcleos do setor norte do PESM. Foram obtidas 184 visualizações, tendo sido registradas 11 espécies de mamíferos e 6 espécies de aves cinegéticas durante os censos, num total de 77 encontros com mamíferos e 107 com aves. Dentre as aves cinegéticas com maior abundância destaca-se o jacu Penelope sp. (0,99 visualizações/10 km) e dentre os mamíferos o esquilo Sciurus aestuans (0,48 visualizações/10 km). As espécies apresentaram padrões diferenciados de uso do habitat, padrão de atividades e ocorrência nas áreas avaliadas. Através da análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) dos fatores ambientais foi possível determinar que de maneira geral as espécies de aves apresentamse correlacionadas com uma maior disponibilidade de frutos carnosos, enquanto que as espécies de mamíferos apresentam-se correlacionadas com parâmetros de estrutura física da floresta tais como cobertura de dossel, densidade arbórea e densidade de outras palmeiras que não o palmito, este último principalmente para o queixada (Tayassu pecari). A caça se mostrou um fator que afeta negativamente a maioria das espécies sendo que seu efeito somente não foi observado para S. aestuans e Penelope sp. que, ao que tudo indica, não são espécies intensamente caçadas nas áreas avaliadas. A partir das densidades obtidas foram realizadas estimativas populacionais para as áreas de estudo e extrapolações para todo o PESM. Considerando-se apenas 500 indivíduos como o número mínimo necessário de indivíduos para garantir a viabilidade destas populações foi possível perceber que as áreas estudadas, avaliadas separadamente, não seriam capazes de garantir a manutenção de boa parte das espécies. Quadro este agravado quando considerados valores ainda maiores de população mínima viável necessária. Contudo, para todos os cenários avaliados dados indicam que maiores seriam as chances de manutenção das espécies quando considerado todo o setor norte do parque, área formada pelos três núcleos avaliados, e principalmente o PESM como um todo. Este fat reforça a importância da conectividade entre estas áreas e a manutenção de grandes blocos de matas contínuas. O PESM pode ser considerado uma das mais importantes áreas para a preservação de espécies cinegéticas, sendo a área estratégica no contexto de criação de um corredor ecológico na região, devido principalmente a sua riqueza faunística, qualidade dos remanescentes existentes, presença de espécies raras e ameaçadas de extinção, localização biogeográfica e também por seu gradiente altitudinal. / The aim of this work was to estimate the abundance, diversity and population size of game birds and mammals from the rain forest at Serra do Mar State Park (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - PESM), and to identify the variables which influence the ocurrence and distribution of those species. The PESM has 3.150 km2 and is the major continuous remaining of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. A total of 633,55 km census using line transect method, distributed on 15 trails on the north-sector of PESM, resulted in 184 observations, which 77 of those were encounters with game mammals and 107 with birds. Eleven species of mammals and six of birds were recorded during the census. Among game birds the most abundant was the guan, Penelope spp. (0,99 encounters/10 km), and among the game mammals was the squirrel, Sciurus aestuans (0,48 encounters/10 km). The species presented different habitat uses, activity and ocurrence patterns, but when analysing the environmental variables with canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) we detected that the birds were correlated with fruit aviability, while mammals were more correlated to the vegetation structure, such as canopy cover, arboreal density and palms (not palmito) density, this last one specially to the whitelipped- peccaries (Tayassu pecari). The hunting pressure affected negatively most of the species, except for S. aestuans and Penelope spp., which seems to not be intensively hunted at the study areas. Using the densities obtained we estimated the remaining population to the study areas and also to the different scenarios proposed. Even considering only 500 as a minimum number of individuals necessary to guarantee the viability of those populations, the study areas, when analyzed separally, could not maintain most of the game species. It does get worst when considering higher numbers of minimum viable population. Moreover, the results indicate better chances of maintaining populations of the species when considering the area of the north-sector and higher chances when considering the entire park. This fact regards the importance of the connectivity between these areas and the necessity of maintaining large continuous block of forests. PESM can be considered one of the most important areas for the conservation of game species and it’s a strategic area in a context of an ecological corridor, due to it’s richness, quality of forest remains, presence of rare and threatened species, biogeographic localization and also by the altitudinal gradient.

1 Submitted paper, strive to affect tourism management in medium size royal cities in Bohemia, in terms of strategic planning, heritage conservation, accommodation capacity and tourism attendance. Further objectives are also focused on interurban association and mutual cooperation. Quantitative research uses analysis and synthesis basics, and also comparative methods. Main inputs of this research are secondary data, especially development documents of selected cities and national statistics data. Because of numberless cultural wealth are royal cities frequently visited places. Therefore there is a preview of the role of tourism in level of strategic planning, and for quality of urban conservation areas developmental documents.

The thesis of my dissertation is an urban design of waterfront of Jihlava river in Třebíč, which runs through the center of the city and becomes its part. The inner city and the river basin are wedged into the valley, which is formed by a rocky terrain. The territory I am dealing with concerns several parts of Třebíč – Stařečka, the Inner Town, Zámostí and Podklášteří. This area is defined from the south by an arterial road and the bus station across the Suchniova street, and the main road on the Smila Osovského street. From the north, this area is lined by a rocky terrain, conservation area – the Jewish town which is registered on a UNESCO World Heritage List, under chateau meadow, continuing up to the summer swimming area Polanka. The outcome of this thesis is a total revitalization of described area and transformation of this town into an attractive Down structure that would offer a wide range of leisure activities, not only for people living in this territory but for tourists as well. The described territory is divided into several parts – the part in proximity to the outdoor swimming pool Polanka, then the part concerning the bus station and the right riverside. The main idea is to interconnect these parts and to komplete the urban structure following the original structure of the buildings. The new buildings would be mostly residential, with commercial and administrative areas on the first three floors. This administrative part also creates some sort of noise barrier from the arterial road. Clean areas intended for living are localized along the riverside in the western part of Stařečka. The flat orientation responds to the calm potential of Jihlava river, which creates a pleasant visual perception. Therefore, the quiet rooms are orientated to the north. Along the banks of the Jihlava river is proposed a quiet zone with both sport and recreational character, which helps changes of passive and active zones. In a close proximity of these

The study was aimed at assessing perceptions of local communities on the use of coastal natural resources in Coffee Bay and the “Hole in-the Wall” area. The environmental impact caused by non–compliance with environmental legislation was also assessed. Data was obtained through interviews conducted with members of 50 households chosen randomly and questionnaires that were distributed to government departments in charge of the resources. The study found that due to high illiteracy and unemployment in the area, people were compelled to use the available coastal natural resources to satisfy their basic needs. About 70% of them were aware of the legislation but felt they could not comply with it since they had not been consulted. The study’s recommendations are that the community should be consulted on legislation, more environmental awareness campaigns should be conducted and government plans should be aligned in terms of service delivery / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

The subject of the thesis is an architectural study of the reconstruction and extension of the "Centrum" department store in Brno. It is a dominant building designed by the famous czech architect Vladimir Karfík, which is located at the Urban Conservation Area Brno. Object wasn´t realized with the full extent of the original proposal, so in the project is planned a completion of it. The new solution respects the historical quality of Urban Conservation Area Brno with a concurrent view of the location on the lucrative land in the city center. The architectural concept is based on a return to the original idea of the architect and the addition of my own creative contribution within the extension of the new floors. Draft of the extension is intended so that the individual parts of an object communicate with each other, but they are easily recognizable as well. This idea was filled by both parts linked together visually by horizontal lines and ripple, which is used on balconies of the extension and behind the facade of the current building by shielding walls. However it is emphasized the contrast between an enclosed mass and a free-flowing space. The existing part of the building is used especialy as a leasable area of trade and services. On the upper floors there are areas of administration. Furthermore, there will be a restaurant and cafe with exhibition galleries and apartments are designed on the new added floors. The building is adapted to use by person with limited mobility. Newly added uses in the object will increase the attractiveness of the building and its surroundings.