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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The effects of nature conservation on Local Economic Development in Timbavati, Mpumalanga Province

Segage, Martina January 2015 (has links)
Thesis (M. Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The rationale for the establishment of nature reserves and protected areas has emphasized community benefits in terms of job and market opportunities, generation of income, facilitation of entrepreneurship and business, and the creation of an enabling local development environment within which locals would acquire the ability to make productive use of available opportunities and to resist the threats associated with poverty, deprivation, social exclusion and inequality. Evidently, the promotion of nature reserves has in recent years seen an unprecedented and, in many ways, uncomfortable convergence of the local economic development and environmentalism. Theoretically, the increasing popularity of nature reserves rests on the assumption that an enabling local economic development environment would be established wherein increased tourism would precipitate economic growth, job-creation and such other qualities which are collectively characterized as local economic development. However, in practice the interface of nature conservation remains scarcely tested. The study used Timbavati Nature Reserve which is adjacent different Villages including among others Timbavati Village to argue that the practice of nature conservation is far from popular pronouncements, captivated by the conjecture of an enabling local economic development environment. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 99 households from Timbavati Village was used to investigate the effects of nature conservation on LED. The findings of the study affirm that nature reserves are inherently preservationist and focus on protection of biodiversity, maintenance of critical ecological processes as well as ecosystem goods and services rather than “pro-poor growth” and “growth-focused” development paradigms. That is, the findings demonstrated that the Timbavati Nature Reserve is not contributing optimally towards LED as expected by the local communities. Although a general judgement could not be made, however, 28.3% of the respondents disagreed that the nature reserve produces desirable effects and 15.1% agreed that the nature reserve have undesirable effects on the village while 86.5% of the respondents were neutral on both effects. Additionally, the dearth of LED activities in the village vi indicated that the Timbavati Village does not get an injection from the nature reserve towards LED. Such findings indicate that the question of community ownership and access to natural resources remains unresolved where abundance of natural capital co-exists with poverty among communities. Thus, lack of integration, coherence, access to resources, local ownership, community participation and equal benefits sharing is apparent in most nature reserves and other protected areas including Timbavati Nature Reserve. Therefore, the study concludes that the Timbavati Nature Reserve is yet to contribute towards local economic development because its practice is devoid of community development principles. / University of Limpopo
12

The Primacy of Place: The Importance of Personal-Nature Connections for Conservation and Communities

Korach, Jill Karen 23 November 2019 (has links)
No description available.
13

Právní úprava národních parků v České republice a Polsku / Legal regulation of National Parcs in the Czech republic and Poland

Šajnová, Dita January 2013 (has links)
The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation systems in the Czech Republic and Poland, compare them, show the attitudes of the two countries on this issue and propose potential changes in Czech legislation. The comparative method of research was chosen because of its suitability for the geographical, historical and social proximity between the Czech Republic and Poland. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One illustrates the historical development of legal regulation and is divided into three subchapters, the first dealing with Czech history, the second with Polish history and the last with the history of the Krkonoše/Karkonosze National Park, now a transboundary park (from the very beginning, the Czech and the Polish parts cooperated with each other). The second chapter consists of four parts and concerns international law. Subchapter One is about historical development, Subchapter Two focuses on IUCN, Subchapter Three contains two parts - examples of international and regional treaties. Subchapter Four describes transboundary cooperation and transnational forms of nature preservation in the Krkonoše/Karkonosze National Park. Chapter Three characterises EU legislation. Subchapter One is devoted to historical development, Subchapter Two is divided into four parts: Birds...
14

Lov a jeho právní úprava / Hunting and its legal regulation

Bubelíny, Ľubomír January 2014 (has links)
Presented dissertation thesis focuses on legal regulation of hunting in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Germany. Due to the fact that the hunting legislation is largely a matter of national law, the work discusses about the fundamental institutes of legal regulation of hunting wild animals (games and fishes). Institutes common to all the countries are the term "game" and the protection of the gene pool. Along with legal regulation of hunting shall be considered property right and its relation to the enforcement of hunting or fishing rights. The common feature of all the legislation is to determine the conditions under which natural persons may hunt or fish, hunting periods, hunting methods, and regulation of the establishment and use of hunting districts. National legislation of hunting and fishing, as is the case in other areas of law, cannot be isolated from the effects of international law and EU law, therefore work also provides an overview of the basic acts of international and supranational law affecting hunting and fishing. In conclusion, the work offers the author's de lege ferenda opinions.
15

Proibido trabalhar : problema socioambiental dos filhos da Ilha do Cardoso, SP / Work in prohibited : social-environmental problem of the Cardoso Island's children

Gadelha, Crismere 18 November 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Rodrigues Brandão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gadelha_Crismere_M.pdf: 2137896 bytes, checksum: 5a26efa2641889362fd4ac9cf0749474 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social
16

Ocupação humana e a conservação do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor (PNSD), Alto Jurua-AC / Human occupation and conservation of the Serra do Divisor National Park, Alto Jurua-Acre

Rodrigues, Marco Aurelio, 1975 13 March 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Daniel Joseph Hogan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_MarcoAurelio_M.pdf: 3738412 bytes, checksum: fa79350e020cfeafe0e842585ce6a020 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia
17

Comunidades tradicionais e sua implicação na conservação da Mata Atlântica : estudo de caso Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (São Paulo) / Traditional communities and their implication in the conservation of the Atlantic Forest : case study Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (São Paulo)

Sabatino, Veronica, 1973- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabatino_Veronica_D.pdf: 10172012 bytes, checksum: 0bc0ac0bc94c62df55843410184fe2e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Cada vez mais valorizamos a cultura tradicional e buscamos reconhecer seus elos com a sua paisagem. Todavia precisamos aumentar o nosso conhecimento, consolidar conceitos e desenvolver metodos para integrar os vários aspectos de intereses humanos e ecológicos. Sob essa abordagem, muitos estudos buscam reconhecer vínculos territoriais e históricos para atestar desempenhos pró-ambientais. Este trabalho defende a tese de que os atributos desses vínculos apresentam uma variabilidade espacial e temporal que, por sua vez, afeta o sucesso da conservação florestal. A área de estudo foi a Juréia-Itatins, uma Estação Ecológica, localizada em uma das áreas mais importantes da Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo. Foi proposto um procedimento metodológico para reconhecer os elos entre processos naturais e culturais baseado em fundamentos da ecologia da paisagem. Para tanto, a história de mais de quatro séculos de ocupação foi mapeada e qualificada, por meio de SIG (ArcGis 9.2). Esses dados foram interpretados em literatura, de forma a definir as naturezas da identidade tradicional da Juréia. O passo seguinte foi localizar as áreas que apresentaram maiores mudanças, em função dos impactos ambientais e movimento da populacao. Quatro atributos da identidade tradicional foram utilizados para avaliar a perda de características históricas.Para expressar as diferenças e semelhanças das ocupacoes foi construída uma matriz de representatividade histórica que permitiu delinear a identidade tradicional em fases de evolução. Finalmente, foram aplicadas duas métrica da paisagem para identificar os grupos mais ligados a conservação ambiental e aqueles com menor possibilidade de contato com o meio natural.Os resultados mostraram que as características da identidade tradicional foram continuamente modificadas ao longo do tempo. Porém, essas mudanças não foram igualmente distribuídas na paisagem; elas apresentaram um eixo do interior para as fronteiras da Unidade de Conservação, resultando em diferentes maneiras de relacionamento com a natureza.As avaliações permitiram inferir que o processo de planejamento deve considerar o eixo espaço/tempo. Essa informação revela interesses e caminhos de convívio com a natureza, por sua vez, determinam diferentes caminhos de conservação e manejo da paisagem / Abstract: We increasingly recognize the value of traditional culture and its relationship to landscape. However, we need to increase our knowledge, consolidate concepts and develop methods to integrate various aspects of ecological and human interest. Under this approach, many studies seek to recognize territorial and historical links to attest pro-environmental performances. This study considers that the attributes of these links have a spatial and temporal variability which, in turn, affects the success of forest conservation. The study area was Juréia-Itatins ¿ an Ecological Station located in one of the most important areas of the Atlantic Forest in São Paulo State. We proposed a methodological procedure to recognize the links between natural e cultural processes based on landscape ecology. So, the history occupation for over four centuries in the Juréia Forest were mapped and classified using GIS (ArcGIS 9.2). These data were interpreted in the literature in order to define the nature of the traditional Juréia identity. The next step was to locate the areas with highest change, according to the environmental impacts and population movement. Four attributes of traditional identity were used to assess the historical loss. To express the differences and similarities of occupations was built a matrix of historical representation allowing establishing the traditional identity evolution phases. Finally, we applied two landscape metrics to identify groups linked to environmental conservation and those with less ability to connect with the natural environment. The results showed that the traditional identity features were continuously changed over time. But this change is unequally distributed on the landscape; they showed a axis from inside to the boundaries of the conservation area, resulting in different ways of relationship with nature. The evaluation led to infer that the planning process should consider the axis space / time. This information may reveal interests and ways of living with nature which, in turn, determine different ways of conservation and landscape management / Doutorado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
18

Les grands enjeux contemporains du droit international des espaces maritimes et fluviaux et du droit de l'environnement : de la conservation de la nature à la lutte contre la biopiraterie / Contemporary issues of international law of maritime and fluvial spaces and environmental international law : from the conservation of nature to the fight against the biopiracy

Paiva Toledo, André de 25 October 2012 (has links)
Le droit international de l’environnement est fondé sur deux principes fondamentaux qui sont le principe de la souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles et le principe de la conservation de la nature. La conjoncture économique contemporaine se caractérise par la systématique violation de ces normes juridiques à travers la surexploitation et la pollution des écosystèmes, ainsi que l’accès clandestin aux ressources biologiques, c’est-à-dire, la biopiraterie. Cette thèse a été développée spécialement à partir des discussions sur la gestion quantitative des ressources biologiques biotiques (la faune et la flore) et des ressources biologiques abiotiques (l’eau), ainsi qu’à partir d’analyses sur le problème de la pollution. Ces analyses sont cependant toujours en connexion avec la surexploitation et la biopiraterie, qui sont vraiment deux des grands enjeux contemporains du droit international de l’environnement. Afin de démontrer combien ces questions environnementales sont désormais de portée universelle, tous les régimes d’utilisation des ressources ont été étudiés, qu’ils soient relatifs à l’air, à la mer ou à la terre. L’on a ainsi pu vérifier l’existence d’un système juridique commun de l’utilisation des ressources biologiques fondé sur la coopération internationale, la bonne foi et le devoir de ne pas causer un préjudice aux autres États, outre les deux principes fondamentaux supra. Toutes ces normes juridiques de gestion de la nature sont matérialisées dans les accords internationaux d’utilisation d’une ressource biologique fondés sur les notions de quotas de durabilité et de quotas nationaux d’exploitation. Par conséquent, les États ont la capacité d’assurer le respect du droit international de l’environnement en assurant la conservation de la nature et la lutte contre la biopiraterie. / Environmental international law is based on two fundamental principles: the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources, and the principle of conservation of nature. The contemporary global economy is characterized by systematic violations of these legal norms through overexploitation and pollution of ecosystems, as well as the clandestine access to biological resources, or biopiracy. This thesis has been especially developed from discussions on the quantitative management of biotic biological resources (fauna and flora) and abiotic biological resources (water), in spite of the analysis on pollution, which can be found in the body of the thesis. The latter analysis is, however, always connected with the overexploitation and biopiracy, which are actually two major contemporary issues of environmental international law. For the demonstration of the generalization of these environmental issues, all regimes relating to the use of resources have been examined, independently of whether they concern the air, the sea, or land. That which could be verified is the existence of a common legal system for the use of biological resources based, in addition to the two fundamental principles mentioned supra, on international cooperation, good faith and the duty not to cause transboundary harm to other States. All these legal norms on nature management are established in international agreements on the use of a biological resource based on the notion of sustainability quotas and national quotas of exploitation. Therefore, States may control the compliance with environmental international law by ensuring the conservation of nature and the fight against biopiracy.
19

Planos de manejo de áreas de proteção ambiental e a avaliação ambiental estratégica: diretrizes e procedimentos para uma base metodológica / Management plan of environmental protected areas and the strategic environmental assessment: guidelines and procedures for methodological basis

Esteves, Aline de Oliveira 26 October 2015 (has links)
O estabelecimento e manejo de áreas protegidas constituem importantes estratégias para a conservação e proteção da biodiversidade. Para as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APAs), os planos de manejo são essenciais para a consecução dos objetivos. Para melhorar os resultados, alguns países utilizam a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) na elaboração dos planos de manejo. Esta estratégia tem apresentado bons resultados, com a melhora do planejamento e da gestão da área protegida da categoria V da IUCN (equivalente à APA). No Brasil, a AAE não tem regulamentação e os planos de manejo não são submetidos a uma AAE. Para orientar a elaboração dos planos de manejo no Brasil, roteiros metodológicos são utilizados. Contudo, os planos de manejo das APAs têm apresentado uma baixa taxa de implementação. Ao constatar esse cenário, a presente pesquisa propõe diretrizes e procedimentos para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs a partir das contribuições da AAE. Para alcançar este objetivo, em um primeiro capítulo, as contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo da categoria V da IUCN são avaliadas. Este cenário internacional é composto por uma avaliação de oito casos de dois Parques localizados na Escócia, onde os respectivos planos de manejo são submetidos a AAE. Para avaliar as contribuições da AAE para estes planos de manejo, critérios baseados nas diretrizes da IUCN para elaboração dos planos de manejo da categoria V e nas boas práticas da AAE (Diretiva Europeia (2001/42/CE), no Protocolo da UNECE e Therivel (2004) são utilizados. Um segundo capítulo avalia o cenário nacional do planejamento de 17 APAs localizadas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco e no Distrito Federal. Para a avaliação do planejamento destas APAs, a metodologia proposta por Faria (2004), que avalia a eficácia da gestão das unidades de conservação, é adaptada para o contexto do planejamento das APAs por meio das recomendações da IUCN. Os resultados do Capítulo I mostram importantes contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo, a saber: a compatibilização dos objetivos das dimensões ambiental, social e econômica com a minimização dos conflitos entre estas dimensões; a promoção do acompanhamento da qualidade do estoque ambiental; a identificação e a avaliação do impacto do plano de manejo sobre os objetivos e a base de dados da AAE, com a avaliação de como as ações propostas podem afetar o estoque ambiental; e outros. O segundo capítulo apontou os pontos fracos e os fortes do planejamento das APAs avaliadas, como, por exemplo: a baixa execução dos planos de manejo; os planos de manejo apresentam-se com pouca utilidade prática para o dia a dia da gestão; e o monitoramento e a gestão adaptativa são precários. Em contra partida a estes pontos fracos, o zoneamento apresentou-se como uma ferramenta essencial para a gestão e como suporte às tomadas de decisão. A partir da análise do cenário nacional foi possível verificar de que maneira a AAE pode potencializar os pontos fortes e minimizar os pontos fracos. Com isso, verificou-se que a AAE apresenta potenciais contribuições para o planejamento das APAs no Brasil, como: a articulação e minimização dos conflitos entre os objetivos dos planos de manejo com outras ações estratégicas; a inserção da variável ambiental no planejamento do uso do solo; a avaliação de outras alternativas para alcançar os objetivos do plano de manejo; entre outras. Assim, ao considerar o potencial da AAE para os planos de manejo das APAs, verifica-se que a aplicação da AAE para a elaboração dos planos de manejo das APAs é necessária para otimizar potencialidades e minimizar fraquezas. Sendo assim, com base nos resultados e discussões obtidas no capítulo I e II, um terceiro capítulo é apresentado com as diretrizes e os procedimentos para uma base metodológica para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs com a avaliação da AAE. / The plans establishment and management for protected areas are key strategies for biodiversity protection and conservation. The management plans are essential to achieving the goals for Environmental Protected Areas (EPA), one of the conservation areas types in Brazil (equivalent to IUCN category V). Some countries use Strategic Environmental Assessment to make management plans and they are getting good results. On the other hand, in Brazil, the management plans preparation applied in EPAs follow a specific methodological guide and the SEA is not applied in the context of protected areas in Brazil. However, the management plan of EPA have shown low implementation rate. In this context, the present research proposes guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans from the contribution of SEA. To achieve this goal, the first chapter evaluates the SEA contribution to management plans of IUCN category V protected areas. This international scenario consists of an evaluation of eight case studies of two parks of the Scotland, where theses management plans are subject to SEA. To evaluate the contributions of SEA for theses management plans, criteria based on the management guidelines for IUCN category V protected areas and on the best practice of SEA (European Directive (2001/42/EC) in the UNECE Protocol and the Therivel author (2004)) are used. The second chapter evaluated the planning of 17 EPAs in Brazil located in the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco and Distrito Federal. The method used to evaluate the planning of these 17 EPAs was proposed by Faria (2004) and adapted for planning context of EPAs in accordance with the recommendations of IUCN. The results show SEA important contributions for plans management, namely: the compatibility of the objectives of environmental, social and economical and the minimizing conflicts between these dimensions; the monitoring the quality of the environment stock; the impact assessment of the management plans on the objectives and baseline SEA, with the evaluation of how the management plan\'s actions can affect the environment stock. As a result of the second chapter showed the weaknesses and the strengths of the planning of the evaluated 17 APAs, such as: the low implementation of management plans; management plans present with little practical use for day to day management; and monitoring and adaptive management are precarious. In contrast to these weaknesses, the zoning is a good tool for the management and support decision-making. Based on these analyzes it observed how SEA can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses. Thus, it was found that the SEA has potential contributions to the EPAs planning in Brazil, as an example: reconcile conflicts between the objectives of the management plan with other strategic actions; the integration of the environmental issue in land use planning; and the evaluation of other alternatives for achieving the objectives of the management plan. Considering the potential of SEA to EPAs management plans, it is found that the application of the SEA for the preparation of the APAs management plans is needed to optimize strengths and minimize weaknesses. Therefore, based on the results obtained and discussions in the first and second chapter, a methodology basis with guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans with the evaluation of SEA is presented.
20

Planos de manejo de áreas de proteção ambiental e a avaliação ambiental estratégica: diretrizes e procedimentos para uma base metodológica / Management plan of environmental protected areas and the strategic environmental assessment: guidelines and procedures for methodological basis

Aline de Oliveira Esteves 26 October 2015 (has links)
O estabelecimento e manejo de áreas protegidas constituem importantes estratégias para a conservação e proteção da biodiversidade. Para as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APAs), os planos de manejo são essenciais para a consecução dos objetivos. Para melhorar os resultados, alguns países utilizam a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) na elaboração dos planos de manejo. Esta estratégia tem apresentado bons resultados, com a melhora do planejamento e da gestão da área protegida da categoria V da IUCN (equivalente à APA). No Brasil, a AAE não tem regulamentação e os planos de manejo não são submetidos a uma AAE. Para orientar a elaboração dos planos de manejo no Brasil, roteiros metodológicos são utilizados. Contudo, os planos de manejo das APAs têm apresentado uma baixa taxa de implementação. Ao constatar esse cenário, a presente pesquisa propõe diretrizes e procedimentos para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs a partir das contribuições da AAE. Para alcançar este objetivo, em um primeiro capítulo, as contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo da categoria V da IUCN são avaliadas. Este cenário internacional é composto por uma avaliação de oito casos de dois Parques localizados na Escócia, onde os respectivos planos de manejo são submetidos a AAE. Para avaliar as contribuições da AAE para estes planos de manejo, critérios baseados nas diretrizes da IUCN para elaboração dos planos de manejo da categoria V e nas boas práticas da AAE (Diretiva Europeia (2001/42/CE), no Protocolo da UNECE e Therivel (2004) são utilizados. Um segundo capítulo avalia o cenário nacional do planejamento de 17 APAs localizadas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco e no Distrito Federal. Para a avaliação do planejamento destas APAs, a metodologia proposta por Faria (2004), que avalia a eficácia da gestão das unidades de conservação, é adaptada para o contexto do planejamento das APAs por meio das recomendações da IUCN. Os resultados do Capítulo I mostram importantes contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo, a saber: a compatibilização dos objetivos das dimensões ambiental, social e econômica com a minimização dos conflitos entre estas dimensões; a promoção do acompanhamento da qualidade do estoque ambiental; a identificação e a avaliação do impacto do plano de manejo sobre os objetivos e a base de dados da AAE, com a avaliação de como as ações propostas podem afetar o estoque ambiental; e outros. O segundo capítulo apontou os pontos fracos e os fortes do planejamento das APAs avaliadas, como, por exemplo: a baixa execução dos planos de manejo; os planos de manejo apresentam-se com pouca utilidade prática para o dia a dia da gestão; e o monitoramento e a gestão adaptativa são precários. Em contra partida a estes pontos fracos, o zoneamento apresentou-se como uma ferramenta essencial para a gestão e como suporte às tomadas de decisão. A partir da análise do cenário nacional foi possível verificar de que maneira a AAE pode potencializar os pontos fortes e minimizar os pontos fracos. Com isso, verificou-se que a AAE apresenta potenciais contribuições para o planejamento das APAs no Brasil, como: a articulação e minimização dos conflitos entre os objetivos dos planos de manejo com outras ações estratégicas; a inserção da variável ambiental no planejamento do uso do solo; a avaliação de outras alternativas para alcançar os objetivos do plano de manejo; entre outras. Assim, ao considerar o potencial da AAE para os planos de manejo das APAs, verifica-se que a aplicação da AAE para a elaboração dos planos de manejo das APAs é necessária para otimizar potencialidades e minimizar fraquezas. Sendo assim, com base nos resultados e discussões obtidas no capítulo I e II, um terceiro capítulo é apresentado com as diretrizes e os procedimentos para uma base metodológica para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs com a avaliação da AAE. / The plans establishment and management for protected areas are key strategies for biodiversity protection and conservation. The management plans are essential to achieving the goals for Environmental Protected Areas (EPA), one of the conservation areas types in Brazil (equivalent to IUCN category V). Some countries use Strategic Environmental Assessment to make management plans and they are getting good results. On the other hand, in Brazil, the management plans preparation applied in EPAs follow a specific methodological guide and the SEA is not applied in the context of protected areas in Brazil. However, the management plan of EPA have shown low implementation rate. In this context, the present research proposes guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans from the contribution of SEA. To achieve this goal, the first chapter evaluates the SEA contribution to management plans of IUCN category V protected areas. This international scenario consists of an evaluation of eight case studies of two parks of the Scotland, where theses management plans are subject to SEA. To evaluate the contributions of SEA for theses management plans, criteria based on the management guidelines for IUCN category V protected areas and on the best practice of SEA (European Directive (2001/42/EC) in the UNECE Protocol and the Therivel author (2004)) are used. The second chapter evaluated the planning of 17 EPAs in Brazil located in the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco and Distrito Federal. The method used to evaluate the planning of these 17 EPAs was proposed by Faria (2004) and adapted for planning context of EPAs in accordance with the recommendations of IUCN. The results show SEA important contributions for plans management, namely: the compatibility of the objectives of environmental, social and economical and the minimizing conflicts between these dimensions; the monitoring the quality of the environment stock; the impact assessment of the management plans on the objectives and baseline SEA, with the evaluation of how the management plan\'s actions can affect the environment stock. As a result of the second chapter showed the weaknesses and the strengths of the planning of the evaluated 17 APAs, such as: the low implementation of management plans; management plans present with little practical use for day to day management; and monitoring and adaptive management are precarious. In contrast to these weaknesses, the zoning is a good tool for the management and support decision-making. Based on these analyzes it observed how SEA can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses. Thus, it was found that the SEA has potential contributions to the EPAs planning in Brazil, as an example: reconcile conflicts between the objectives of the management plan with other strategic actions; the integration of the environmental issue in land use planning; and the evaluation of other alternatives for achieving the objectives of the management plan. Considering the potential of SEA to EPAs management plans, it is found that the application of the SEA for the preparation of the APAs management plans is needed to optimize strengths and minimize weaknesses. Therefore, based on the results obtained and discussions in the first and second chapter, a methodology basis with guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans with the evaluation of SEA is presented.

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