Many buildings in Sweden have some kind of moisture problem and the reason for this can in a lot of cases be attributed to the production phase. A suggested measure by Boverket is to increase feedback to reduce errors in the production phase. This study will therefore contribute to the experience feedback by describing the process of moisture safety during the production phase at Skanska’s construction of Alster’s preschool. The starting point for this study is a moisture survey carried out on Alster’s preschool. The result from the moisture survey suggests that the work with moisture safety has been successful during the construction of Alster’s preschool. The aim of this study is therefore to make Alster’s preschool into an object of reference regarding moisture safety during the production phase. The method involved a theoretical study of building components and materials used in the construction of Alster’s preschool and the moisture aspects that must be taken into account. The method also involved an examination of Skanska’s documents from the construction of Alster’s preschool, supplemented with verbal conversations with Skanska employees. The result describes the process of moisture safety during the production phase at Alster’s preschool. The description includes how the construction was built, material management, examinations that were carried out and the anomalies that occurred. One conclusion that was drawn regarding the applicability of Alster’s preschool as an object of reference is that some similarities should coincide with the new building. Similarities such as supporting structures of wood, meet the passive house standard, one floor construction, and that the building is constructed in a similar climate. Another conclusion that was drawn is that the work with moisture safety in the production phase always should strive to keep building moisture levels below critical numbers. A measure taken in the disposal to make this possible was to achieve a favorable climate regarding moisture in the building. But it is important to consider the required air tightness in the construction before the heating process starts in the building.

This report was done on behalf of Uppsala municipality with the aim to investigate how much the CO2-equivalent emissions differ between different building systems during the construction phase, considering the different choice of material used in the frames. Several multi-family houses with different building systems were therefore studied and compared by using previous LCA from collected climate reports regarding each construction project. Different scenarios of the residential development in Uppsala until year 2050, including multi- and single-family houses, were further on brought forward. The impact that the choice of material had on the climate was then studied by comparing the scenarios with the climate goals set up by Uppsala municipality regarding the construction sector. This was discussed in order to investigate whether Uppsala municipality would reach the climate goals or not. The conclusion of the study is that the building systems with wooden frames in general release less CO2-equivalent emissions than the ones with concrete frames. One of the reasons for this is that the production of the materials has different amounts of waste and the fact that concrete consists of cement, which causes a lot of emissions during the production of the material. Another part of the report was to investigate if climate improved concrete could decrease the CO2-equivalent emissions from building systems with concrete frames. This was done by doing a case-study, where parts of the concrete frame for one of the building systems were replaced, which resulted in a small decrease of the emissions. It is however, in a larger perspective, important to reduce the emissions as much as possible and there is still room to continue the improvement of concrete.

Os controles de produção e qualidade executados no canteiro de obras têm sido frequentemente associados a trâmites burocráticos, sendo limitados a tarefas administrativas, em lugar de adicionar valor para os clientes internos e externos. Por esta razão, diversas pesquisas propuseram abordagens e indicadores para a integração entre controles de produção e qualidade. Uma das abordagens apontadas na literatura como promissora consiste no uso de dispositivos móveis, para apoiar a implementação destes controles. Tais dispositivos permitem a gestão de grandes quantidades de informações, evitando retrabalhos e erros derivados da coleta manual no papel e transcrição posterior para dispositivos digitais. Outros esforços têm se focado na integração entre os modelos de processo e produto de forma que a informação possa ser utilizada de forma mais eficaz na fase de construção. Os modelos de processo são necessários para realizar o planejamento e controle da produção, enquanto os modelos do produto são relacionados a representações 2D e 3D das obras e, mais recentemente, a modelos BIM. No entanto, a literatura sobre o uso de tecnologia da informação para implementar sistemas integrados de controle da produção e da qualidade é escassa. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em desenvolver um modelo para a integração entre processos gerenciais, representados pelos sistemas de planejamento e controle da produção e de gestão da qualidade, e um modelo BIM do produto, buscando facilitar o acompanhamento da execução da obra, incluindo o desempenho em termos de qualidade e a ocorrência de perdas. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos empíricos em diferentes empresas construtoras, sendo adotada a abordagem metodológica da design science research. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está relacionada à execução da integração entre os resultados de controles pró-ativos no canteiro e o modelo BIM do empreendimento de forma sistemática. Além disso, o modelo proposto tem a possibilidade de ser adaptado para usos diversos, podendo, assim, incorporar informações correspondentes a outras fases do ciclo de vida dos empreendimentos construtivos. / Production and quality controls undertaken in construction sites have often been associated to bureaucratic procedures, being limited to simple administrative tasks, instead of adding value for internal and external stakeholders. For that reason, some research studies have proposed approaches and indicators for the integration of production and quality controls. One of these approaches pointed out in the literature is the use of mobile devices, to support the implementation of those controls. Those devices allow the management of large information batches, reducing rework and errors derived from manual paper-based data collection and further transcription to digital media. Other efforts have focused on the integration between product and process models so that information can be more effectively used during the construction phase of the project. Process models are necessary for carrying out production planning and control, while product models are concerned with 2D or 3D design, and, most recently, with BIM models. Nonetheless, the literature on the use of information technology for implementing integrated production and quality control is scarce. The aim of this research work is to develop a model for the integration of management processes, composed by production planning, control and quality management processes, and a BIM product model, in order to facilitate the monitoring of project execution, including the performance in terms of quality and the occurrence of waste. Two empirical studies were carried out in different construction companies, using the design science research approach. The main contributions of this investigation are related to the integration between some proactive control results and the BIM model in a systematic way. Furthermore, the proposed model has the possibility to be adapted for diverse uses, such as incorporating information from different phases of the construction project life cycle.

Os controles de produção e qualidade executados no canteiro de obras têm sido frequentemente associados a trâmites burocráticos, sendo limitados a tarefas administrativas, em lugar de adicionar valor para os clientes internos e externos. Por esta razão, diversas pesquisas propuseram abordagens e indicadores para a integração entre controles de produção e qualidade. Uma das abordagens apontadas na literatura como promissora consiste no uso de dispositivos móveis, para apoiar a implementação destes controles. Tais dispositivos permitem a gestão de grandes quantidades de informações, evitando retrabalhos e erros derivados da coleta manual no papel e transcrição posterior para dispositivos digitais. Outros esforços têm se focado na integração entre os modelos de processo e produto de forma que a informação possa ser utilizada de forma mais eficaz na fase de construção. Os modelos de processo são necessários para realizar o planejamento e controle da produção, enquanto os modelos do produto são relacionados a representações 2D e 3D das obras e, mais recentemente, a modelos BIM. No entanto, a literatura sobre o uso de tecnologia da informação para implementar sistemas integrados de controle da produção e da qualidade é escassa. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em desenvolver um modelo para a integração entre processos gerenciais, representados pelos sistemas de planejamento e controle da produção e de gestão da qualidade, e um modelo BIM do produto, buscando facilitar o acompanhamento da execução da obra, incluindo o desempenho em termos de qualidade e a ocorrência de perdas. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos empíricos em diferentes empresas construtoras, sendo adotada a abordagem metodológica da design science research. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está relacionada à execução da integração entre os resultados de controles pró-ativos no canteiro e o modelo BIM do empreendimento de forma sistemática. Além disso, o modelo proposto tem a possibilidade de ser adaptado para usos diversos, podendo, assim, incorporar informações correspondentes a outras fases do ciclo de vida dos empreendimentos construtivos. / Production and quality controls undertaken in construction sites have often been associated to bureaucratic procedures, being limited to simple administrative tasks, instead of adding value for internal and external stakeholders. For that reason, some research studies have proposed approaches and indicators for the integration of production and quality controls. One of these approaches pointed out in the literature is the use of mobile devices, to support the implementation of those controls. Those devices allow the management of large information batches, reducing rework and errors derived from manual paper-based data collection and further transcription to digital media. Other efforts have focused on the integration between product and process models so that information can be more effectively used during the construction phase of the project. Process models are necessary for carrying out production planning and control, while product models are concerned with 2D or 3D design, and, most recently, with BIM models. Nonetheless, the literature on the use of information technology for implementing integrated production and quality control is scarce. The aim of this research work is to develop a model for the integration of management processes, composed by production planning, control and quality management processes, and a BIM product model, in order to facilitate the monitoring of project execution, including the performance in terms of quality and the occurrence of waste. Two empirical studies were carried out in different construction companies, using the design science research approach. The main contributions of this investigation are related to the integration between some proactive control results and the BIM model in a systematic way. Furthermore, the proposed model has the possibility to be adapted for diverse uses, such as incorporating information from different phases of the construction project life cycle.

Os controles de produção e qualidade executados no canteiro de obras têm sido frequentemente associados a trâmites burocráticos, sendo limitados a tarefas administrativas, em lugar de adicionar valor para os clientes internos e externos. Por esta razão, diversas pesquisas propuseram abordagens e indicadores para a integração entre controles de produção e qualidade. Uma das abordagens apontadas na literatura como promissora consiste no uso de dispositivos móveis, para apoiar a implementação destes controles. Tais dispositivos permitem a gestão de grandes quantidades de informações, evitando retrabalhos e erros derivados da coleta manual no papel e transcrição posterior para dispositivos digitais. Outros esforços têm se focado na integração entre os modelos de processo e produto de forma que a informação possa ser utilizada de forma mais eficaz na fase de construção. Os modelos de processo são necessários para realizar o planejamento e controle da produção, enquanto os modelos do produto são relacionados a representações 2D e 3D das obras e, mais recentemente, a modelos BIM. No entanto, a literatura sobre o uso de tecnologia da informação para implementar sistemas integrados de controle da produção e da qualidade é escassa. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em desenvolver um modelo para a integração entre processos gerenciais, representados pelos sistemas de planejamento e controle da produção e de gestão da qualidade, e um modelo BIM do produto, buscando facilitar o acompanhamento da execução da obra, incluindo o desempenho em termos de qualidade e a ocorrência de perdas. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos empíricos em diferentes empresas construtoras, sendo adotada a abordagem metodológica da design science research. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está relacionada à execução da integração entre os resultados de controles pró-ativos no canteiro e o modelo BIM do empreendimento de forma sistemática. Além disso, o modelo proposto tem a possibilidade de ser adaptado para usos diversos, podendo, assim, incorporar informações correspondentes a outras fases do ciclo de vida dos empreendimentos construtivos. / Production and quality controls undertaken in construction sites have often been associated to bureaucratic procedures, being limited to simple administrative tasks, instead of adding value for internal and external stakeholders. For that reason, some research studies have proposed approaches and indicators for the integration of production and quality controls. One of these approaches pointed out in the literature is the use of mobile devices, to support the implementation of those controls. Those devices allow the management of large information batches, reducing rework and errors derived from manual paper-based data collection and further transcription to digital media. Other efforts have focused on the integration between product and process models so that information can be more effectively used during the construction phase of the project. Process models are necessary for carrying out production planning and control, while product models are concerned with 2D or 3D design, and, most recently, with BIM models. Nonetheless, the literature on the use of information technology for implementing integrated production and quality control is scarce. The aim of this research work is to develop a model for the integration of management processes, composed by production planning, control and quality management processes, and a BIM product model, in order to facilitate the monitoring of project execution, including the performance in terms of quality and the occurrence of waste. Two empirical studies were carried out in different construction companies, using the design science research approach. The main contributions of this investigation are related to the integration between some proactive control results and the BIM model in a systematic way. Furthermore, the proposed model has the possibility to be adapted for diverse uses, such as incorporating information from different phases of the construction project life cycle.

Syfte: Studien avser energiförbrukning i produktionsfasen och fokuserar på hur kommunikationen kring energiförbrukningen kan minska den. Mycket fokus läggs idag på att minska en byggnads energiförbrukning under förvaltningsskedet, medan det finns saknat fokus kring produktionsfasens energiförbrukning. En av de största svårigheterna med en hållbar utveckling i byggsektorn är att varje projekt är unikt, vilket gör det svårt för inblandade parter att lära sig från tidigare erfarenheter och dela kunskap mellan olika projekt och aktörer, varvid vikten av en fungerande kommunikation ökar. Målet med denna studie är därför att minska byggproduktionens miljöpåverkan gällande energiförbrukning, genom att förbättra kommunikationen mellan inblandade parter. Metod: Denna studie är utförd som en fallstudie för ett specifikt projekt hos en av Sveriges största bygg- och fastighetsutvecklingsföretag. Metoder för att besvara studiens frågeställningar och samla empiri är litteraturstudier, dokumentanalys av interna dokument och intervjuer med inblandade parter i produktionsfasen. Resultat: Då den mesta kommunikationen kring miljöfrågor sker centralt och det finns en osäkerhet kring vems ansvar miljöfrågan ligger under ett projekt, leder till att det blir en personfråga och påverkas av hur stort intresse involverade personer har i miljö och hållbarhet. Resultatet visar att det i dagsläget läggs lite fokus på energiförbrukning under produktionsfasen. Byggtorkning är det moment med högst energiförbrukning och har därmed störst potential att minska dess koldioxidutsläpp. Konsekvenser: Studien visar att personligt intresse för miljö, prioritering samt tilldelning av resurser kan minska på energiförbrukningen under ett projekt. Genom att detta omfattas av KMA-samordnarens arbetsuppgifter innebär det att frågan adresseras och att energibesparingar kan göras. Begränsningar: Studien begränsas till större entreprenadföretag och studerar enbart energiförbrukningen från arbetsmomenten grundläggning, stombyggnad och yttre stomkomplettering i produktionsfasen på en platsbyggd betongstomme. Studien tar sålunda inte hänsyn till energiförbrukning av den tillfälliga fabriken. Respondenter till intervjuer har valts utifrån sakkunnighet och involveringsgrad i energieffektivisering på byggarbetsplatsen. / Purpose: The study addresses energy consumption in the production phase and focuses on how communication about energy consumption can reduce it. Most focus is currently on reducing the energy consumption of a building during the operation phase, while there is a lack of focus on the energy consumption in the production phase. One of the biggest difficulties with sustainable development in the construction industry is that each project is unique, making it difficult for parties involved to learn from previous experiences and share knowledge between different projects and actors, thereby increasing the importance of a working communication. The aim of this study is therefore to reduce the environmental impact of the construction phase concerning energy consumption, by improving communication between parties involved. Method: This study is performed as a case study for a specific project at one of the largest construction and property development companies in Sweden. Methods to answer the questions of the study and gather empirical data are literature studies, document analysis and interviews with parties involved in the production phase. Findings: Since most of the communication is handled centrally and there is an uncertainty about whose responsibility the environmental issue is during a project, it becomes a personalized question and depending on the personal interest for the environment and sustainability is for the people involved. The results show that there is currently a lack of focus on the energy consumption during the production phase. The drying of the concrete structure is the phase with the highest energy consumption and therefore has the greatest potential for reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. Implications: The study shows that personal interest for the environment, prioritization and allocation of resources can reduce energy consumption during a project. By including this in the QHSE-coordinator's tasks, implies in addressing the issue and energy savings can be made. Limitations: The study is limited to major contractors and only studies the energy consumption from the work stages foundation, framing and lock up in the production phase of a site-built concrete frame. The study does not therefore consider the energy consumption of the temporary factory. Respondents to the interviews have been selected based on expertise and involvement in energy efficiency at the construction site.

Purpose: The purpose of the degree project was to investigating fire protection work during construction at various companies and proposing improvement proposals to reduce the risk of fire at construction sites. Method: The method on which the thesis project was based on was a literature study, interviews and document analysis. The literature study has been carried out to gain in-depth knowledge regarding the fire protection during the construction phase. The interview study was conducted at different construction companies to get an idea of ​​how the different companies handle fire safety at construction sites. The document analysis has been carried out with the help of various companies requirements documents, which form the basis for the fire protection work at the construction sites. Results: The results present the companies fire protection work during construction. Prior to the start of construction, a fire protection description is projected that covers how to build to prevent fire safety, it also covers the how parts of the workplace should be designed. The fire protection that proved to exist mostly consists of two mutually independent escape routes with clearly visible escape signs, a dedicated collection point and strategically placed hand-held fire extinguishers that should be within a range of 25 meters. Hot work, electrical causes and arson have emerged as a recurring shortage and cause of most fires occurring at construction sites. There is room for improvement by, among other things, spending more time in planning, introducing a practice on fire and evacuation alarms and creating the company's fire protection description in connection with the production of the A-drawings. Conclusions: In conclusion, there are opportunities for improvement, but unfortunately nothing has been implemented in practice.

The Swedish government set a climate goal until the year 2045, to not produce any greenhouse gases until 2045. This study is based on the problems surrounding the climate impact from the construction and real estate sector in Sweden. The construction company Skanska has made a major contribution with the recently new project Juvelen, which today is Sweden's most sustainable building. The demand for constructing buildings with lesser environmental impacts is increasing and constructions as Juvelen may be an important factor to achieve climate goals. Purpose: This study was done to determine the carbon dioxide emissions during the construction phase of Juvelen, which includes the production phase and transports to the construction site, as well as the operational phase. Method: This study is based on a literature study, case study, and a reference object. During the case study, interviews were conducted with various people who have participated in the production of Juvelen. The carbon dioxide calculations consisted of EPD reports obtained from Strängbetong and VSAB. The carbon dioxide calculations for the operational phase were performed through different scenarios with three different scenarios types of energy. Results: The result for Juvelen's carbon dioxide emissions during the construction phase, based on the quantitative data that had obtained from Strängbetong and VSAB, was approximately 3,568 tonnes of CO2e. Renewable High had an emission of 96,472.61 kg CO2e during the 50-year analysis period. Renewable Medium received a sum of 2,519,339.7 kg CO2e and Renewable Low 11,961,913.29 kg CO2e. The 100-year analysis period for the operational phase showed the double value of the 50-year analysis period. Based on the current study and an interview with Ambjörn Gille, it appears that Skanska is making efforts to achieve climate goals by 2045. Conclusions: The conclusion that the work came to was that to achieve the climate goal of net-zero emissions, its necessary that the entire construction and real estate sector needs to adapt, apply new and innovative technology. The differences that emerged from the comparison of the production, operating phase for Juvelen were the choice of material, construction process, and method for construction of Juvelen and the choice of energy scenario.

Diploma thesis deals with design of a new bridge on motorway D48 located on bypass of Frýdek – Místek. Total spread of the bridge is 113 meters. Thesis includes 3 studies. For next assesment was chosen concrete girder box construction with 3 spans. Bridge is bulit on falsework. Structural analysis includes influences of construction by TDA method. Load effect is solved in Scia Engineer 18.0. The assessment of the bridge was made according to EC.

[pt] Desenvolvimento sustentável e emissões de dióxido carbono têm sido amplamente debatido no setor de óleo e gás, que desenvolve planos para reduzir a emissão deste gás em suas operações. Movimentos nesse sentido são influenciados pelos compromissos assumidos no Acordo de Paris que limita o aumento da temperatura global em até 2 graus Celsius pela redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). Além disso, recentes manifestações de fundos de investimentos para que organizações tenham ações de proteção ao meio ambiente indicam ser necessária a preparação das empresas brasileiras para mapear as emissões de GEE em toda a sua cadeia de valor. É objetivo deste trabalho contribuir para que iniciativas de redução de emissão de GEE sejam incluídas em processos licitatórios de projetos de investimento de capital. O estudo foca em projetos de infraestrutura logística e apoio a áreas industriais, especificamente na execução de serviços de construção e montagem de forma a dar materialidade às iniciativas de sustentabilidade ambiental da área de gestão e implantação de empreendimentos. Lançando mão de um estudo de caso, a documentação referente a quatro oportunidades de contrato de construção e montagem de obras de infraestrutura e de apoio a áreas industriais abertas ao mercado brasileiro foi avaliada à luz de critérios levantados na literatura para identificar iniciativas de redução de emissões de GEE durante a fase de construção. Entrevistas com profissionais experientes em gestão e implantação de empreendimentos desse tipo, observação direta da preparação da documentação para contratação de serviços para dois empreendimentos em fase de projeto e revisão de documentos de arquivo e dados corporativos compuseram o estudo. Esta análise permitiu compreender que algumas iniciativas já são encontradas sob a forma de requisitos contratuais com vistas à eficiência energética, minimização de custos e maximização de produtividade associados ao uso de equipamentos e máquinas emissores de GEE e podem ser amadurecidas no cenário da organização estudada, recomendando-se para isso um guia para incorporação de iniciativas de sustentabilidade ambiental com foco em redução de emissão de GEE aos processos de contratação de serviços de construção e montagem de projetos de infraestrutura logística e de apoio às áreas industriais. / [en] Sustainable development and carbon dioxide emissions have been widely debated in the oil and gas sector, which is developing plans to reduce the emission of this gas in its operations. Movements in this direction are influenced by the commitments made in the Paris Agreement limiting the increase in global temperature by up to 2 degrees Celsius by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Also, recent manifestations of investment funds demanding organizations to take actions to protect the environment, mean a call to prepare Brazilian companies to outline GHG emissions throughout their value chain. The objective of this work is to contribute to the inclusion of initiatives to reduce GHG emissions in bidding processes for capital investment projects. The study focuses on logistics infrastructure and support for industrial areas projects, specifically in the execution of construction and assembly services to give materiality to the environmental sustainability initiatives in management and implementation of projects. Using a case study, the documentation related to four contract opportunities for the construction and assembly of infrastructure and offsite areas available in the Brazilian market was evaluated in the light of criteria raised in the literature to identify initiatives to reduce emissions of GHG during the construction phase. Interviews with experienced professionals in the management and implementation of projects of this type, direct observation of the preparation of the documentation for procurement process for two projects in the design phase, and review of archival documents and corporate data comprised the study. This analysis allowed us to understand that some initiatives are already found in the form of contractual requirements with a view to energy efficiency, minimizing costs, and maximizing productivity associated with the use of GHG-emitting equipment and machines and can be developed in the scenario of the studied organization, recommending to this end, a guide for incorporating environmental sustainability initiatives with a focus on reducing GHG emissions into the processes for procuring construction services and assembling of logistics infrastructure and offsite projects.