Thesis. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Added title page title: Japanese cultural centre in Hong Kong. Includes special report study entitled: Semiotic meaning of Mezirushi in architecture. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

No description available.

Submitted by Camila Duarte (camiladias@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-04T20:26:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_FabríciodaSilvaHenriques.pdf: 1231164 bytes, checksum: 0fafb878883991c04ef72fe8f993ea01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-04T20:49:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_FabríciodaSilvaHenriques.pdf: 1231164 bytes, checksum: 0fafb878883991c04ef72fe8f993ea01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T20:49:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_FabríciodaSilvaHenriques.pdf: 1231164 bytes, checksum: 0fafb878883991c04ef72fe8f993ea01 (MD5) / O presente trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento da proteção diplomática e da assistência consular, institutos jurídicos que, embora tenham sido concebidos em bases eminentemente interestatais, tem sido progressivamente servido à proteção internacional da pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, por meio de análise documental e bibliográfica, será analisado o desenvolvimento de ambos os institutos. Igualmente, será enfatizada a análise dos casos LaGrand, Avena e Diallo, da Corte Internacional de Justiça, que permitirão identificar em que medida esta Corte tem contribuído para a mudança nas bases de cada instituto. Ao final, pretende-se constatar a mudança no padrão da proteção diplomática, tradicionalmente caracterizado como um direito substantivo, para a readequação como mecanismo instrumental de invocação de responsabilidade internacional do Estado. Em relação à assistência consular, será observado que, embora tenha havido abordagens diferentes na categorização do direito à assistência consular entre a Corte Interamericana e a Corte Internacional de Justiça, ambas contribuíram para o reconhecimento universal desse direito individual. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work aims at analyzing the development of diplomatic protection and consular assistance, legal institutions that, although they had been conceived mostly on interstate bases, they have progressively been linked to international protection of human person. In this sense, through documental and bibliographic research, the development of both institutions will be analyzed. Likewise, the study of LaGrand, Avena and Diallo cases of the International Court of Justice will be emphasized, which will lead to identify how much has the Court been contributed to the changes in the underpinnings of each institution. At the end, it is expected to realize the changes in diplomatic protection base, from a substantive right towards its reshaping into an instrumental mechanism of invoking state responsibility for international wrongful acts. Concerning consular assistance, it will observed that, although the differences in approaching between the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice, both of them have contributed to the universal recognition of this individual right.

A preliminary review of the literature on cultural or expatriate adjustment with regard to the spouses of diplomatic personnel, such as the military attaché, clearly indicated a gap in the existing knowledge scholars have of the adjustment experiences of spouses of expatriate managers. The aim of this study was exploring and describing one South African expatriate’s wife’s authentic experiences of expatriate adjustment to India. A modernist qualitative methodology with symbolic interactionism as theoretical framework and interpretivist constructivism as research paradigm was employed. The case study was used as qualitative research strategy and the life history was used as the qualitative research technique. Purposeful sampling was employed. Plummer’s (2001) critical humanism was included to reflect the flavour of the diversity of frameworks available to life history researchers. Data were obtained from solicited and unsolicited sources. This yielded a life history with rich descriptive data that were systematically analysed with the grounded theory technique proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990, 1998). A conceptual framework was compiled and used to substantiate the finding by means of a literature review, the identification of the core category, and finally the development of a substantive theory called: a transitional theory of spousal expatriate adjustment. Guidelines proposed in the literature were followed to ensure the authenticity, trustworthiness and credibility of the study. The findings provided some understanding of how wives of military attaché’s experience the process of expatriate adjustment. Recommendations were made to improve current practice. The study also made a methodological contribution to the local study of Industrial and Organisational Psychology and in particular International Human Resources Management. Recommendations are made for future research. / Prof. Willem Schurink

A Assistência Consular aos nacionais do Estado que envia está indicada no artigo 5º da Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares entre as diversas funções consulares. O artigo 36º do mesmo diploma, com o intuito de facilitar o exercício das funções consulares, concede direitos ao cidadão estrangeiro e ao Estado que envia, e impõe deveres às autoridades locais do Estado receptor. A normativa exige que as autoridades locais, sem tardar, informem à repartição consular competente da detenção de um nacional do Estado que envia quando este for preso. As autoridades locais deverão, ainda, informar ao preso estrangeiro deste direito e, a pedido dele, notificar sua detenção ao consulado, além de autorizar o acesso dos funcionários consulares ao detido. Neste trabalho analisa-se a importância deste direito, principalmente nos casos de pena de morte; e descreve-se o instituto da Assistência Consular, especialmente, no caso dos imigrantes mexicanos condenados à pena de morte nos Estados Unidos. A relevância do fenômeno migratório na América Latina, em especial de mexicanos aos Estados Unidos, faz deste caso um exemplo vital. Contribui-se, deste modo, com a discussão da normativa internacional na matéria consular como instrumento de cidadania e de realização dos direitos humanos. Apresenta-se a posição da Corte Internacional de Justiça - principal órgão judiciário internacional para a resolução de conflitos entre Estados e, comparativamente, para o âmbito regional, se introduz a posição da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A partir da análise do Direito Internacional e da situação do principal contingente de migrantes nos Estados Unidos, os latino-americanos e entre eles os mexicanos, este trabalho colabora para a melhor compreensão dos processos de integração no continente. / The consular assistance to the national citizen of the sending State is provided in article 5 of the Convention of Vienna on Consular Relations between the diverse consular functions. The article 36 of the same diploma with the purpose of making the exercise of consular functions easy it grants rights to the foreign citizen and to the sending State; and impose duties to the local authorities of the receiving State. It requires that the local authorities inform, without delay, the competent consular post as to the detention of a national citizen of the sending State. The local authorities will also have to inform the foreign prisoner about such right, at the pisoners request, the authorities shall notify the detention to the consulate; besides authorize the access of the consular officers to the prisoner. This piece, analyzes the importance of this right, specially in the cases of death penalty; and describes the Consular Assistance institute, particularly, in respect to Mexican immigrants prisoners with a death penalty sentence in the United States. The relevance of the migratory phenomenon in Latin America, above all of the Mexicans in United States, makes this situation a vital example. It contributes, in this sense, with the discussion of international law in consular matters, as an instrument of citizenship and human rights achievement. It presents the International Court of Justice position - main international law judicial organism to solution of conflict between States - and, by comparison, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights position, in the regional sphere. Upon the analysis of International Law and the main contingent of migrants in the United States circumstances - the Latin-Americans, and among them, the Mexicans, this piece contributes to a better understanding of the integration process on the continent.

A Assistência Consular aos nacionais do Estado que envia está indicada no artigo 5º da Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares entre as diversas funções consulares. O artigo 36º do mesmo diploma, com o intuito de facilitar o exercício das funções consulares, concede direitos ao cidadão estrangeiro e ao Estado que envia, e impõe deveres às autoridades locais do Estado receptor. A normativa exige que as autoridades locais, sem tardar, informem à repartição consular competente da detenção de um nacional do Estado que envia quando este for preso. As autoridades locais deverão, ainda, informar ao preso estrangeiro deste direito e, a pedido dele, notificar sua detenção ao consulado, além de autorizar o acesso dos funcionários consulares ao detido. Neste trabalho analisa-se a importância deste direito, principalmente nos casos de pena de morte; e descreve-se o instituto da Assistência Consular, especialmente, no caso dos imigrantes mexicanos condenados à pena de morte nos Estados Unidos. A relevância do fenômeno migratório na América Latina, em especial de mexicanos aos Estados Unidos, faz deste caso um exemplo vital. Contribui-se, deste modo, com a discussão da normativa internacional na matéria consular como instrumento de cidadania e de realização dos direitos humanos. Apresenta-se a posição da Corte Internacional de Justiça - principal órgão judiciário internacional para a resolução de conflitos entre Estados e, comparativamente, para o âmbito regional, se introduz a posição da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A partir da análise do Direito Internacional e da situação do principal contingente de migrantes nos Estados Unidos, os latino-americanos e entre eles os mexicanos, este trabalho colabora para a melhor compreensão dos processos de integração no continente. / The consular assistance to the national citizen of the sending State is provided in article 5 of the Convention of Vienna on Consular Relations between the diverse consular functions. The article 36 of the same diploma with the purpose of making the exercise of consular functions easy it grants rights to the foreign citizen and to the sending State; and impose duties to the local authorities of the receiving State. It requires that the local authorities inform, without delay, the competent consular post as to the detention of a national citizen of the sending State. The local authorities will also have to inform the foreign prisoner about such right, at the pisoners request, the authorities shall notify the detention to the consulate; besides authorize the access of the consular officers to the prisoner. This piece, analyzes the importance of this right, specially in the cases of death penalty; and describes the Consular Assistance institute, particularly, in respect to Mexican immigrants prisoners with a death penalty sentence in the United States. The relevance of the migratory phenomenon in Latin America, above all of the Mexicans in United States, makes this situation a vital example. It contributes, in this sense, with the discussion of international law in consular matters, as an instrument of citizenship and human rights achievement. It presents the International Court of Justice position - main international law judicial organism to solution of conflict between States - and, by comparison, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights position, in the regional sphere. Upon the analysis of International Law and the main contingent of migrants in the United States circumstances - the Latin-Americans, and among them, the Mexicans, this piece contributes to a better understanding of the integration process on the continent.

This thesis describes the functioning and development of the consular triad made up of consuls, consular establishments as well as the physical and symbolic territories in which they are inscribed, in the Ottoman Regency of Tunis, covering the period from the construction of the first model building (1660) to the advent of the French Protectorate (1881). The research questions the materialisation of relations between powers through a series of formal practices and physical spaces with which cultural and social processes overlap purporting at cultivating differences in a quest for distinction and competition between states representatives.The collected data come from the study of sources and the examination of the consular and diplomatic archives of eight major powers having representatives in Tunis during the studied period. They are written in five languages mainly (French, Arabic, English, Italian, Spanish) and were analysed through the prism of global micro-history. This analysis included the consultation of the diocesan and congregational archives documenting the daily life of the Christian communities living under consular jurisdiction as well as the travel reports and the guides that completed the studies, descriptions, illustrations and memoirs assigned to scientists and other European officers on mission in the Regency.The research has allowed us to determine, from the 17th century, the position of these buildings in the city and to trace back the genealogy of the consular district. The thesis has also revealed the existence of three phases in the development of consular spaces. The first one (1660-1792) was initiated by the construction of the Fondouk des Français (1660) and it inaugurated a cumulative and linear process of consular houses multiplication and concentration in the lower part of the city. The granting of fondouk, its shape, dimensions, and location, testify to the importance of the nation and its place in the Regency’s diplomatic scene. Archetype of the origins, the fondouk will emancipate itself from its primitive typology by integrating spaces of conquest, symbols of privileges consecrating rank and prestige, in an atmosphere of competing powers and rising tensions with the hosting state.This first phase was followed by a second one of "overthrow of clarity" (1792-1816), following the outbreak of the French Revolution, marked by the loss of old powers and the appearance of new actors. This phase is followed by the third and final one (1816-1881) which arises in the shadow of nationalism, bureaucratisation and the assertion of the consular function as an economic and political institution. The burgeoning consular corps challenges the established order and engages in a quest for distinction and symbolic superiority demonstrated by a spatial conquest in the city. Ruptures and continuities are identified as milestones punctuating the changes in consular houses which, from the archetype of the fondouk, will gradually adopt the European model of town house (Hôtel particulier), by appropriating its architectural, ornamental and spatial elements. This process culminates in the establishment of the French consulate (1860) outside the walls in a hôtel particulier, signaling thus the death of the Fondouk des nations model.The representational work of consuls is also expressed in terms of mobility, submission but also circumvention of court ceremonial and reception rules. Geographical spaces are overlapped by symbolic spaces where a subtle war is played out, that of the conquest of privileges testifying to the rank of the State and its prestige. Everything becomes a pretext to treat "on the stronger foot" and any privilege is good to take and to maintain. Use of four-wheeled carriages, submission to the hand-kissing ceremony, wearing of sword and shoes during audiences with the Bey, provision of a country house, are subject to harsh negotiations with the local authorities who play with competition and egos by dispensing privileges and sermons according to its policy.Through its buildings, its specific territory forming a fragment of historic urban landscape and the consular habitus, the consular district constitutes a tangible and intangible heritage, revealed by the thesis, which needs to be known. Its recognition as a heritage is a prelude to its future protection, which has become urgent. / Cette thèse décrit le fonctionnement et l’essor de la triade consulaire composée des consuls, des établissements consulaires et de leurs territoires d’inscription, physiques et symboliques, dans la capitale de la Régence ottomane de Tunis, en couvrant la période allant de la construction du premier spécimen (1660) à l’avènement du Protectorat français (1881). La thèse questionne la matérialisation des relations entre puissances par une série de pratiques formelles et d’espaces physiques auxquels se superposent des processus culturels et sociaux visant à cultiver la différence sur fond de quête de distinction et de compétition entre puissances mandataires. Les données recueillies par l’étude des sources et le dépouillement des archives consulaires et diplomatiques de huit puissances disposant de représentants accrédités à Tunis en la période étudiée, principalement en cinq langues (français, arabe, anglais, italien, espagnol), s’est faite au prisme de la micro-histoire globale. Cette analyse a compris la consultation des archives diocésaines et congrégationnelles documentant la vie quotidienne des communautés chrétiennes sous juridiction consulaire ainsi que les relations de voyage et les guides qui sont venus compléter les études, descriptions, illustrations et mémoires commandités à des scientifiques et autres officiers européens en mission dans la Régence. Le travail entrepris a permis de déterminer, à partir du XVIIe siècle, la position de ces édifices dans la ville et de reconstituer le quartier consulaire en en dressant la généalogie. La thèse a mis au jour l’existence de trois phases de développement des espaces consulaires. Une première phase d’existence (1660-1792) est initiée par la construction de fondouk des Français (1660) et inaugure un processus cumulatif et linéaire de multiplication des représentations consulaires concentrées dans la partie basse de la ville. L’octroi de fondouk, sa forme, ses dimensions et sa position témoignent de l’importance que revêt la nation mandataire et de sa place dans l’échiquier diplomatique de la Régence. L’archétype des origines, figé dans sa typologie, va s’en émanciper en intégrant, sur fond de tensions et de contestations avec l’Etat hôte et les représentants des autres puissances, des espaces de conquêtes, symboles de privilèges consacrant le rang et le prestige de l’Etat mandataire. A cette première phase, succède, par suite de l’éclatement de la Révolution française, une deuxième de « renversement des clartés » (1792-1816), marquée par la disparition d’anciennes puissances et l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs. Cette seconde phase est suivie de la troisième et dernière (1816-1881) qui nait sur fond de nationalismes, de bureaucratisation et d’affirmation de la fonction consulaire comme institution économique et politique. Le corps consulaire en gestation bouscule l’ordre établi et s’engage dans un processus de quête de distinction et de supériorité symbolique se manifestant par une conquête de l’espace dans la ville. Ruptures et continuités sont identifiées en tant que jalons rythmant les mutations des maisons consulaires qui, de l’archétype du fondouk, vont adopter progressivement le modèle européen d’hôtel particulier dont ils s’approprient les éléments architecturaux, ornementaux et spatiaux par à-coups. Ce processus culmine avec l'installation du consulat de France dans un hôtel particulier (1860) hors-les-murs actant ainsi la mort du fondouk des nations. L’œuvre de représentation du consul s’exprime de même en termes de mobilité, de réception, de soumission et de contournement du cérémonial de cour. Aux espaces géographiques se joignent des espaces symboliques où se joue une guerre subtile, celle de la conquête de privilèges témoignant du rang de l’Etat et de son prestige. Tout est prétexte à traiter « sur le pied le plus fort » et tout privilège est bon à prendre et à préserver. Usage des carrosses à quatre roues, soumission au cérémonial du baisemain, port du sabre et des souliers lors des audiences avec le Bey, mise à disposition d’une maison de campagne, font l’objet d’âpres négociations avec le pouvoir local qui se joue des concurrences et des égos en dispensant privilèges et sermons au gré de sa politique. Par les bâtiments qu’il contient, par son territoire spécifique formant un fragment de paysage urbain historique et par l’habitus consulaire dont les rites ont façonné la pratique des lieux, ce quartier constitue un patrimoine matériel et immatériel, révélé par la thèse, qu’il incombe de faire connaître afin que sa reconnaissance soit un prélude à sa protection future, désormais urgente. / Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Trata-se do estudo da casuística internacional sobre as violações cometidas pelos Estados Unidos da América contra o artigo 36 da Convenção de Viena sobre Relações Consulares de 1963. A Corte Internacional de Justiça e a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos interpretam, regulamentam e aprimoram o direito de informação sobre assistência consular para preso estrangeiro, que deixa de ser visto como um direito puramente inter-Estatal por ambos os tribunais. Abordamse questões de Direito Internacional Público, como a força vinculante das decisões da Corte Internacional de Justiça, e sua íntima relação com o direito interno do Estado parte do tratado, inclusive com relação aos Estados terceiros ao litígio internacional, como o Brasil. Em sendo um componente do pacote das garantias do devido processo legal, o prejuízo causado ao réu estrangeiro pela falta de informação sobre o direito de assistência consular pode ensejar o reconhecimento de nulidade processual penal absoluta. / This is the study of international cases relating the violations committed by the United States of America against the article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963. The International Court of Justice and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have the opportunity to interpret, regulate and enhance the right to information on consular assistance to foreign detainee, who is no longer seen as a purely inter-State law by both Courts. The study addresses issues of Public International Law, as the binding force of decisions of the International Court of Justice, and its close relationship with the Domestic Law of the State party to the treaty, including with respect to third states to the international dispute. Considered a human right, part of the package of guarantees of due process, the demonstrated prejudice caused to the foreign defendant for lack of information about his right to consular assistance may cause the recognition of absolute nullity of criminal procedure.

Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda o papel do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) após o golpe de Estado de março de 1964, especificamente durante as gestões Castelo Branco (1964- 1967) e Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que o órgão não é uma burocracia insulada, mas sim um órgão que pode, como qualquer outra instituição, assimilar interesses políticos e ideológicos dos governantes do momento e atuar em função destes. Argumentamos que isso vale também para seu comportamento nos anos de institucionalização do regime ditatorial no Brasil. Procuramos compreender como o Ministério se comportou analisando três processos principais: o expurgo realizado no órgão, a formulação da política externa do novo regime e o esforço de legitimação internacional do mesmo por meio da diplomacia. Para avaliar nossa hipótese, utilizamos a literatura especializada, os principais documentos oficiais do período e duas bases de dados exclusivas: a primeira, dos diplomatas brasileiros (1889 a 2010) e, a segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Com isso, a dissertação nos ajudará a compreender como o Itamaraty reagiu frente a mudanças do regime governamental e as consequências disso para a própria organização diplomática. / Abstract: This dissertation examines the role of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MREItamaraty) after the March 1964 coup d’État, specifically during the administrations of Castelo Branco (1964-1967) and Costa e Silva (1967-1969). We argue that the Ministry is not an insulated bureaucracy, but rather an organ that can, as any other government agency, assimilate the political and ideological interests of the ruling groups and act based on them. We argue that this holds true for its behavior during the institutionalization of the dictatorial regime in Brazil. We tried to understand how the MRE behaved through the analysis of three main processes: the purge carried out in the institution, the foreign policy formulation of the new regime, and its effort to gain international legitimacy through diplomacy. In order to evaluate our hypothesis, we used the specialized literature on the subject, the main official documents of the period, and two exclusive databases: the first, a database on Brazilian diplomats (from 1889 to 2010); the second, a database on foreign policy events (from 1930 to 1985). By doing so, this dissertation will help us understand how Itamaraty responded to regime changes and the consequences for the diplomatic organization itself. / Resumen: Este trabajo aborda el papel del Ministerio de las Relaciones Exteriores (MRE-Itamaraty) con posterioridad al golpe de Estado de marzo de 1964, específicamente durante las gestiones Castelo Branco (1964-1967) y Costa e Silva (1967-1969). Sustentamos que el órgano no es una burocracia aislada, mas que puede, como cualquier otra institución, asimilar intereses políticos e ideológicos de los gobernantes del momento y actuar en función de este. Argumentamos que eso vale también para su comportamiento en los años de institucionalización del régimen dictatorial en Brasil. Procuramos comprender como el Ministerio se comportó analizando tres procesos principales: la expurgación realizada en el órgano, la formulación de la política externa del nuevo régimen y el esfuerzo de legitimación internacional do mismo por medio de la diplomacia. Para evaluar nuestra hipótesis, utilizamos la literatura especializada, los principales documentos oficiales del período y dos bases de datos exclusivas: la primera, de los diplomáticos brasileros (1889 a 2010) y, la segunda, de eventos de política exterior (1930 a 1985). Con eso, la disertación nos ayudará a comprender como Itamaraty reaccionó frente a las mudanzas del régimen gubernamental y las consecuencias de esto para la propia organización diplomática. / Mestre