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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Intervention : Britain, Egypt, and Iraq during World War II /

Wichhart, Stefanie Katharine. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 420-428). Available electronically via the University of Texas at Austin's web site.
72

The Japanese Consulate and the Japanese Cultural Centre

Ito, Hikoko., 伊藤彥子. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture
73

清朝中國對在華外人的司法態度─兼論領事裁判權 / The Juridical Attitude toward Foreigners of Qing Dynasty─with Analysis of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

趙帝凱, Chao, Di Kai Unknown Date (has links)
每當論及清朝中國自鴉片戰爭以來的對外關係,一般都認為是清朝中國被迫簽訂大量不停等條約之「屈辱外交」的開始,特別是在對外司法審判的議題上,大多認為清朝給與外國所謂「領事裁判權」的權利,造成中國司法管轄權的損害。但事實上,這種所謂「領事裁判權」的現象,在中國本身涉及外人在華犯罪的處置上,是普遍被採行的作法,不僅是過去中國歷代均有的慣例,就連清朝本身與俄羅斯簽訂的〈尼布楚條約〉,也被學界公認為是清朝中國第一個對等互惠的對外條約。姑且不論日後領事裁判權對中國的傷害為何,僅以清朝中國在簽約當下的時空背景來看,中國給予西方國家「領事裁判權」一事究竟該如何理解,值得後人重新檢視。 本文研究主旨在於用「同時代史觀」的視角,以清朝簽約當下的時空背景,來重新檢視清朝中國涉外司法審判。本文首先整理了中國自唐朝至明朝以來對涉外司法審判的沿革,並且爬梳清朝中國涉外司法審判的模式,從中發現清朝中國給予西方國家「領事裁判權」的做法,是符合清朝中國對外關係的邏輯思維,並證明清朝中國隊在華外人的司法態度,與中國自唐代以來的對在華外人的司法態度是一致的。本文認為,領事裁判權成為「屈辱外交」的意涵,是因為後人以歐洲近代國際法話語權下的「民族國家」視角來檢視過去清朝中國的對外關係,並且在不理解清朝中國固有對外秩序的邏輯下所做出的評斷。 / When it comes to China’s foreign relations in late Qing dynasty, the government has been criticized for its “humiliated diplomacy”, especially on the issue of extraterritorial jurisdiction since the Treaty of Nanking between China and Britain. The authorization of consular jurisdiction to foreign countries is often considered as sabotage for the jurisdiction of China. However, the criticism is questionable because offering extraterritorial jurisdiction is ubiquitous among every dynasty in China. Even in Qing dynasty, the juridical attitude of China in the Treaty of Nerchinsk signed in 1689 with Russia is often recognized by academia as reciprocity to foreign country. Regardless of the disadvantages in the future, this act of giving extraterritorial jurisdiction by Qing dynasty at that time is worth to be scrutinized again. With this in mind, the purpose of this thesis is to discover the pattern of judgments involving foreigners from Tang to Qing dynasty in China. We also discuss about the response of Qing government when it faced the request of extraterritorial jurisdiction from foreign countries. In addition, a reinterpretation of the attitude toward the judgments involving foreigners of Qing dynasty is based on the perspective of China indigenous order to foreign relations. The research analyzes the settlement of judgments involving foreigners in different dynasties of China, confirming the consistency to China indigenous order to foreign relations and evolution during the Qing period. At last, this thesis overthrew the humiliation impression in contemporary understanding of the diplomacy in Qing dynasty, arguing such attitude is interpreted later by the concept of “nation state” , which is developed from early modern European countries to judge the international relations of Qing dynasty without understanding the Chinese foreign relations comprehensively.
74

International law before municipal courts: the role of International Court of Justice decisions in domestic court proceedings with specific reference to United States case examples

Mangezi, Mutsa January 2008 (has links)
In the case of LaGrand (Germany v United States), the International Court of Justice held that the United States (US) had violated its international obligation to Germany under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations when it executed two German nationals without first informing them of their consular rights. The case came before the court after the United States had disregarded a preliminary ruling passed by the IC], which directed the US not to execute the German nationals pending the outcome of the ICJ case. The decision raised the issue of the effect of ICJ decisions in domestic proceedings and the effectiveness of ICJ enforcement mechanisms. This thesis considers the possibility of a role for national courts as active enforcers of ICJ decisions. It is argued that whilst evidence shows that there is no legal obligation on courts to enforce ICJ decisions, there is certainly room in international law to facilitate this development. In support of this argument, the thesis demonstrates how basic presuppositions about international law have shifted over the last few decades. This shift has been both the impetus and the result of globalisation. The case of LaGrand alongside similar cases is used to show how national courts may play an increased role in the enforcement of ICJ decisions.
75

Le contrat d'assurance maritime à Rouen dans l'Ancien droit / The maritime insurance contract in Rouen in the old french law

Rodet-Profit, Alix 09 April 2015 (has links)
L'assurance maritime constitue la première forme d'assurance connue, qui s'est développée à la fin du Moyen-Âge et a gagné l'ensemble de l'Europe au XVIe siècle. Rouen, l'une des plus importantes villes commerciales et maritimes du royaume de France, fut la première – et la seule – à être dotée d'un greffe des assurances dès 1556. Elle constitue donc un lieu de choix pour l'étude de ce contrat dans notre pays. Le caractère aléatoire de l'assurance a posé très tôt le problème de l'équilibre des intérêts des parties. D'une part, l'assuré devait pouvoir bénéficier de garanties suffisantes pour recourir à l'assurance. Il s'agissait d'autre part de protéger l'assureur, qui, en plus de prendre les risques de l'expédition à sa charge, se trouvait en grande partie dépendant de la bonne foi de son assuré. Aux côtés de leur « commis aux assurances », les marchands rouennais ont alors recherché et adopté des solutions. L'ordonnance de la Marine de 1681, première législation française sur les assurances, a ensuite tenté d'unifier les usages et pratiques du royaume. Elle a proposé différentes mesures pour promouvoir ce contrat tant auprès des assurés que des assureurs. L'assurance maritime, en lien avec les nombreux domaines juridiques que sont le droit des obligations, le droit commercial, le droit maritime, le droit cambiaire ou encore celui des sociétés, a alors évolué sous l'influence conjuguée des juges et des marchands, toujours soucieux de trouver un équilibre contractuel. / Shipping insurance is the first known form of insurance. It was instituted at the end of the Middle Ages and spread to the whole of Europe in the sixteenth century. Rouen, as one of the largest commercial and maritime cities in the Kingdom of France, was the first and indeed the only city to be given a patent for insurance as early as 1556. It is therefore the ideal place in which to study such a contract in this country. The fluctuating nature of insurance quickly pinpointed the problem of balancing the interests of the parties involved. On the one hand, the insured person needed to be able to benefit from guaranties allowing him to resort to insurance. Similarly, the insurer needed to be protected since he not only had the responsibility of the voyage, with the risks that that implied, but was also dependent on the honesty of the person insured. Together with their “insurance agents”, the merchants of Rouen therefore sought and adopted solutions to this problem. The Royal Ordinance of Shipping, in 1681, – the first French legislation on insurance – then endeavoured to unify the customs and uses carried out in the Kingdom of France. It offered various measures to develop this contract between the insured and the insurer. Maritime insurance, together with the many other sectors of law such as that of obligations, commercial law, maritime law, law pertaining to Exchange or to Societies, then evolved under the combined influence of the judiciary and of merchants, continually seeking a contractual balance.
76

Médicaliser la maternité en Chine du Sud : l'exemple des postes médicaux consulaires français, 1898-1938

Girouard, Kim 08 1900 (has links)
L’histoire de la médicalisation de la maternité en Chine reste encore mal connue et ce mémoire constitue une amorce pour tenter de défricher ce riche et vaste terrain. Il examine dans quel cadre et dans quelle mesure la prise en charge de la maternité des femmes chinoises a évolué au sein des postes médicaux consulaires français du sud de la Chine (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), de l’arrivée des premiers médecins en 1898, jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en 1938. Il démontre comment a pu se traduire l’œuvre médicale française en matière de prise en charge de la grossesse, de l’accouchement et des soins à donner au nouveau-né dans les établissements de santé consulaires, et tente de voir jusqu’à quel point, pourquoi et dans quels domaines précisément l’offre de soins à l’occidentale proposée par les Français dans ces régions a pu atteindre les futures et nouvelles mères chinoises. / The history of medicalization of maternity in China is still poorly understood and this master thesis is a first step in the attempt to clear this rich and vast ground. It examines the context in which and to what extent the care of the Chinese women’s maternity has evolved in the French medical consular posts of Southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), from the arrival of the first doctors in 1898 until the eve of the Second World War in1938. It demonstrates how the French sanitary mission took care of pregnancy, childbirth, and new-born health in the consular health establishments, and attempts to see how far, why, and in what areas specifically the Western health care proposed by the French in these regions could have reached the future and new Chinese mothers.
77

Médicaliser la maternité en Chine du Sud : l'exemple des postes médicaux consulaires français, 1898-1938

Girouard, Kim 08 1900 (has links)
L’histoire de la médicalisation de la maternité en Chine reste encore mal connue et ce mémoire constitue une amorce pour tenter de défricher ce riche et vaste terrain. Il examine dans quel cadre et dans quelle mesure la prise en charge de la maternité des femmes chinoises a évolué au sein des postes médicaux consulaires français du sud de la Chine (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), de l’arrivée des premiers médecins en 1898, jusqu’à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en 1938. Il démontre comment a pu se traduire l’œuvre médicale française en matière de prise en charge de la grossesse, de l’accouchement et des soins à donner au nouveau-né dans les établissements de santé consulaires, et tente de voir jusqu’à quel point, pourquoi et dans quels domaines précisément l’offre de soins à l’occidentale proposée par les Français dans ces régions a pu atteindre les futures et nouvelles mères chinoises. / The history of medicalization of maternity in China is still poorly understood and this master thesis is a first step in the attempt to clear this rich and vast ground. It examines the context in which and to what extent the care of the Chinese women’s maternity has evolved in the French medical consular posts of Southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), from the arrival of the first doctors in 1898 until the eve of the Second World War in1938. It demonstrates how the French sanitary mission took care of pregnancy, childbirth, and new-born health in the consular health establishments, and attempts to see how far, why, and in what areas specifically the Western health care proposed by the French in these regions could have reached the future and new Chinese mothers.
78

Protecting diplomats in Iraq what can the U.S. Department of State do to improve it's management and oversight of security contractors in Iraq? /

Eicher, Michael. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 8, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
79

La protection diplomatique des étrangers. Essai sur ses interactions avec la souveraineté des Etats et les droits de l’homme / The diplomatic protection of foreigners. Test its interaction with state sovereignty and human rights

Elong Fils, François-Xavier 29 September 2011 (has links)
La protection diplomatique, autrefois institution centrale des relations internationales peut-elle être considérée aujourd’hui comme une sorte de vieil outil désormais rarement utilisé et promis sans doute très prochainement à un rangement définitif au grenier des concepts d’antan ? On pourrait au vue des mécanismes de protection internationale des droits de l’homme répondre par l’affirmative. Il ne s’agit nullement d’enterrer définitivement l’institution, mais de la replacer dans le contexte qui est celui de l’évolution d’autres mécanismes de protection des droits individuels dans le système international. Quel est l’état du droit applicable sur la mise en œuvre de la protection diplomatique ? Existe-t-il des instruments internationaux protégeant les nationaux à l’étranger en dehors de la protection diplomatique ?Le principe de souveraineté peut-il peut devenir un obstacle pour l’individu ou l’Etat protecteur dans l’exercice de la protection diplomatique ? Peut- on parler de protection diplomatique en écartant systématiquement la souveraineté des Etats ?La protection internationale des droits de l’homme concurrence t-elle l’exercice de la protection diplomatique ? / Diplomatic protection, formally the central institution of international relations could be considered today as a guiding tool, rarely used and could be definitely put aside of antan concepts ? We could from the observation of certain mechanisms of international protection of human right answer by affirmations. These allegations do not mean a definite putting aside of the institution, but a reiterations in a context whereby other mechanisms geared to protect human rights evaluate in an international system. What is the state of the law applied in the implementation of diplomatic protection? Do international instruments protecting nationals abroad exist apart from diplomatic protection?Could the principle of sovereignty be an obstacle for an individual or the state protector in the implementation of diplomatic protection? Could we talk of diplomatic protection while putting aside systematically the sovereignty of States? Does international protection of human rights compete with the exercising of diplomatic protection?
80

Droit et pratique de la faillite dans le ressort de la Cour d'appel de Lyon : 1838-1889 / Law and Practice of bankruptcy within the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal of Lyon : 1838-1889

Dinc, Bilal 17 December 2015 (has links)
Au cours du XIXe siècle, le droit de la faillite institué comme un mécanisme de sanction des débiteurs professionnels faillis prend progressivement en compte la situation du débiteur ainsi que sa bonne ou sa mauvaise foi afin d’évaluer son degré de culpabilité. À Lyon, l’évolution de la norme de la faillite et de sa pratique le tribunal de commerce fait apparaître une prise en considération grandissante de l’humanité du débiteur, accompagnée parfois par une réforme légale impulsée par l’initiative des juges consulaires lyonnais. Ceux-ci prennent l’initiative d’instituer des mesures contra legem afin de protéger les commerçants de bonne foi victimes d’une conjoncture provoquant une crise économique majeure qui génère des faillites en cascade.Au lieu de mettre en place une réforme en profondeur du droit de la faillite réclamée par les praticiens, les docteurs, la jurisprudence ainsi que par les justiciables, le législateur n’institue que des mesures provisoires et palliatives. Son inertie renforce la conviction des juges consulaires lyonnais que leur pratique s’impose comme une solution appropriée pour réduire les conséquences néfastes de l’inaction du législateur non seulement sur la situation des commerçants faillis mais aussi sur la société et l’économie de la ville de Lyon. / During the nineteenth century, the bankruptcy law instituted as a sanction mechanism of bankrupt debtors professionals has been gradually taking into account the debtor's situation and his good or bad faith in order to assess the degree of guilt.In Lyon, the evolution of the standard of bankruptcy and practice of the Commercial Court reveals a growing consideration of debtor’s humanity, sometimes accompanied by a legal reform promoted by the initiative of consular judges of Lyon. They take the initiative to institute measures contrary to the law to protect bona fide traders victims of a situation causing a major economic crisis that generates cascading bankruptcies.Instead of putting in place a comprehensive reform of bankruptcy law claimed by practitioners, doctors, case law and by litigants, the legislator establishes only temporary and palliative measures. Its inertia reinforces the conviction of consular judges of Lyon that their practice has established itself as an appropriate solution to reduce the adverse consequences of the inaction of the legislature not only on the situation of failed traders, but also on society and the economy of the city from Lyon.

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