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While poetry has historically been connected with rhetoric, few rhetoricians have studied contemporary poetry. Jeffery Walker suggests that this is because contemporary poetry, unlike classical poetry, no longer addresses all socio-economic levels of society but has become insular and self-referential (329). He criticizes that poetry no longer cuts vertically across one culture's hierarchy. I agree that poetry no longer addresses all segments of society, but I argue that this doesn't mean poetry is no longer rhetorical. Contemporary poetry now operates horizontally to unite the cultural elite of many national and ethnic groups by appealing to their identity as poetry readers. Using the identification theories of Kenneth Burke and Naomi Marin, the rhetoric in contemporary poetry becomes more apparent. As an example of how contemporary poetry creates identification among the literary elite, I examine the work of Aleš Debeljak—a former Yugoslavian Slovene poet who must define his national identity while appealing to a transnational community of poetry readers. Debeljak's poetry demonstrates the sophisticated work poetry does to create identify and identification.

Janet Frame (1924-2004) is known for being one of the most prolific, translated, and unconventional New Zealand novelists. Her work, however, includes a vast production of poems, which scholars and translators have ignored or, at least, not considered worthy for a comprehensive approach to her. Frame's work has undergone the further limitation of a strongly biography-based hermeneutics: from the gossiping around her alleged schizophrenia, to the popularity of the filmic version of her autobiography (An Angel at My Table) by Jane Campion, and the countless legends that have sprung around her, she has often been stigmatised and labelled the 'mad writer' of Campion's movie. This thesis links the risks of the life/myth-driven perspectives to the current lack of interest in Frame's poetry. Her poetic production is here presented as a fundamental part of her oeuvre and her idiosyncratic approach to writing. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature on Frame and thus reconfigure her role as a poet. Through a combination of methodologies grounded in literary and verse translation theories, creativity and genre studies, poststructuralism and postcolonialism, this thesis investigates the most significant traits of Frame's prose and poetry, particularly the traits shared by both. It critiques past translations of Frame's prose into Italian where these have not taken into account the poetic value of her work, and suggests strategies for the translation of her verse into Italian, arguing that an informed approach to her poetry in translation may greatly contribute to a reconfiguration and re-evaluation of her legacy.

This thesis examines feminist rewritings of the Penelope myth and the intersections between poetry, myth, and feminist theory. The theoretical framework develops from Rosi Braidotti’s theory of memory and subjectivity which has its roots in the work of Michel Foucault. In Braidotti’s understanding, subjectivity is constructed through narratives of the past including myth. In order to support new, minority, and dissident subjectivities, a re-remembering of mythical narratives needs to happen. This process is linked to Judith Butler’s recent work on narrating the self and to Adrienne Rich’s idea of “Re-vision”. What Butler’s theory adds to Braidotti’s is the notion of dispossession: that as subjects we do not own our identities. We are, instead, dependent on others for recognition. This co-dependence based notion of subjectivity has ethical implications for how we interact with one another and what kind of narratives we iterate and reiterate. The writers discussed in this thesis, namely, Francisca Aguirre, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke, Gail Holst-Warhaft, and Margaret Atwood, not only rewrite Penelope, but perform Re-visions of the myth. They look back at it with a critical eye and remake it. This thesis further contends that Re-vision provides contemporary feminist writers with a reading and writing strategy that allows them to engage with myth in a way that parallels feminist theory’s efforts to construct new forms of subjectivity. Chapter 1 frames feminist appropriations of myth in a contemporary context and discusses Adrienne Rich’s theory of Re- vision. The next four chapters focus on specific writers who carry out a sustained dialogue with Penelope; they each take an element of the myth and tease it out towards a modern relevance. In looking at how Penelope is revised, this thesis demonstrates that women writers are engaged in a process of remaking canonical, mythic texts in such a way that speaks to contemporary issues of ethical subjectivity and self-making.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav Dálného východu Studijní obor: japonská studia DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Bc. Anastasiya Zharkova Sararíman senrjú (1990-2012) jakožto současná interpretace klasické poezie senrjú Salaryman Senryū (1990-2012) as a Contemporary Interpretation of Classical Senryū Poetry Praha, 2013 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Martin Tirala, Ph.D. Abstract The thesis focuses on the analysis of salaryman senrjū during 1990-2012 as an original contemporary interpretation of classical senrjū poetry. Salaryman senrjū reflect the climate in the class of Japanese white-collars, their views of corporate practices, relations between employer and employee, current situation in Japan and important events that take place in Japanese society. The thesis presents a large number of examples of Japanese salaryman senrjū poems and attempts to describe and classify into categories the poems, which can be considered as a genre of popular poetry. The first part of the thesis describes the phenomenon and historical development of senrjū poetry, the second part analyses contemporary salaryman senrjū poems in terms of content and thematic patterns, linguistic means and stylistic devices, types of humor and content of the comical category. Keywords senryū, salaryman senryū, Japanese contemporary poetry, people's...

Arnaldo Antunes, atuante no cenário musical nacional, devotou-se também à produção no campo literário. Sua obra apresenta traços em estilo neoconcreto centrados em experimentações da materialidade visual e sonora da palavra e alia-se ao estilo neobarroco dos excessos de adornos e repetições sonoras e semânticas com efeito de opacidade de sentidos. Um outro aspecto relevante é o diálogo com o estilo neobarroco artístico de certas obras resultante do processo de convergência entre literatura e artes visuais e plásticas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar as criações expressivas de palavras - neologismos - e as metáforas em obras que apresentam os estilos neobarroco e neoconcreto, verificando como o artista faz escolhas lexicais para manifestar toda a sua criatividade. Estudamos processos de formação tais como a derivação, composição e o cruzamento lexical e a analisamos a criatividade metafórica resultante das combinações de unidades lexicais realizadas de forma expressiva. Os sentidos foram mapeados segundo transformações no campo semântico, observando-se a quebra da isotopia ou da coesão, das metáforas e das mesclagens conceituais. A recolha dos neologismos foi realizada de forma manual, passando pelo critério de exclusão segundo a consulta no Dicionário Houaiss e Villar (2009), ao passo que a seleção das metáforas se pautou na novidade expressiva. O estudo foi organizado segundo os critérios de aspectos de gêneros observados: a primeira dedicada ao estudo das metáforas e mesclagens conceituais em obras que apresentaram o efeito de genericidade de versos livres recolhidas nas obras Psia, Tudos, 2 ou + corpos no mesmo espaço, n.d.a., Agora aqui ninguém precisa de si; a segunda, dedicada às criações lexicais formais e metáforas das obras em gêneros intermidiáticos nas exposições Luzescrita e Palavra em movimento; e a terceira, centrada nas criações lexicais e metáforas em gêneros intermidiáticos impressos nos livros Palavra desordem, As Coisas e Et Eu Tu, resultantes da convergência entre mídias cartazes e poesia, poesia e ilustrações e poesia e fotografia. / Arnaldo Antunes, an active artist in the national music scenery, devoted himself to the production on the literary field. His oeuvre presents traces of neoconcrete style centered in the experimentations on visual and audible materiality of the word, allied with the literary neobarroquism of the excess and repetitions of sounds and meanings with the effect of opacity of meaning. Another relevant aspect is the dialogue with the artistic neobarroque style, in certain works resulted from the process of convergence between literature and visual arts. This research has as main objective to analyse the expressive creation of words or neologism and the metaphors in works that presented the neobarroque and neoconcrete styles verifying how the artist makes lexical choices to express his own creativeness. We studied the processes of word formations as derivation, composition and blends and analyzed the metaphoric creativity result from the combination of lexical units made in an expressive way. The meanings were mapped according to the transformations on the semantic field, observing the break of isotopia and cohesions, the conceptual metaphors, and conceptual blends. The neologisms were collected manually, through the criteria of exclusion based on the dictionary Houaiss and Villar (2009), whereas the selection of metaphors was based on the expressive novelty. This study was organized in chapters following the criteria of the genre aspects observed: the first one specifically devoted to the study of the conceptual metaphors and blends found in works that presented the effect of genericity of new free verse collected from his works Psia, Tudos, 2 ou + corpos no mesmo espaço, n.d.a., Agora aqui ninguém precisa de si, ; the second one dedicated to the formal lexical creations and metaphors in the intermedial genres in the expositions Luzescrita and Palavra em movimento; and the final one directed to the lexical creations and metaphors in printed intermedial genre, in the books Palavra desordem, As Coisas and Et Eu Tu resulting respectively from the converging media, banners and poetry, poetry and images, and poetry and photograph.

Através de uma leitura comparativo-contrastiva da tradição da lírica medieval galego-portuguesa e da poesia de Trovas de muito amor para um amado senhor, volume publicado pela escritora brasileira Hilda Hilst (1930 2004) em 1960, este trabalho propõe uma leitura dos modos pelos quais essa tradição constitui-se em estratégia privilegiada pela autora para a elaboração de uma subjetividade poética que só se pode afirmar e constituir plenamente na presença do Outro. Nesse sentido, a própria escrita poética definir-se-ia como incessante movimento de busca de um amado ausente, cuja condição permitiria aproximá-lo à noção do absolutamente Outro, postulada pelo filósofo Emmanuel Lévinas. Assim, enquanto impulso desejante condenado inevitavelmente ao malogro, o poema dobrar-se-ia sobre si mesmo, movimento do qual resultaria uma lírica de amor ao próprio texto poético. / Through a comparative-contrastive reading of the medieval Galician-Portuguese lyric tradition and of the poetry of Trovas de muito amorpara um amado senhor, volume published by the Brazilian writer Hilda Hilst (1930- 2004) in 1960, this work proposes a reading of the ways through which this tradition constitutes itself in a strategy privileged by the author for the elaboration of a poetic subjectivity that can only affirm and fully constitute itself in the presence of The Other. In that sense, the poetic writing would define itself as a ceaseless movement in search of an absent lover, whose condition would allow to approximate it to the notion of the absolutely Other, postulated by the philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas. Thus, as a desiring impulse inevitably condemned to frustration, the poemwould unfold on itself, a movement from which a lyric of love for the poetic text itself would result

A Poética Multifacetada de Jerome Rothenberg investiga o modo operacional da poética de Jerome Rothenberg (1931). Nascido em Nova York, em 1931, Rothenberg fez parte de uma geração intermediária entre movimentos poéticos bastante conhecidos de público e crítica: a poesia beatnik dos anos 1950 e 1960 e a language poetry do início da década de 1970. Junto com o poeta Robert Kelly, Rothenberg concebe a deep image nos anos 1960, movimento de curta duração, mas essencial para seu desenvolvimento poético. Rothenberg é conhecido principalmente por ter criado o termo etnopoesia e por seus experimentos com o que chamou tradução total, ao traduzir a poesia indígena norteamericana. A tradução total foi um método inovador de considerar a musicalidade, a presença de distorções de palavras ou palavras sem sentido, e outros mecanismos poéticos das artes verbais indígenas como parte integrante da composição. Dessa forma, o resultado da tradução deveria necessariamente contemplar todos esses aspectos. A partir de seu dito o primitivo é complexo Rothenberg passa a considerar aspectos poéticos da produção oriunda de culturas orais, ditas primitivas, como a base de seu conceito de etnopoesia. Sua busca pelo primitivo também o conecta diretamente com outros autores lidos como experimentais na poesia, de William Blake e Walt Whitman a Allen Ginsberg, passando por uma tríade modernista: Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams e Gertrude Stein. A hipótese desta tese é demonstrar que o impulso etnopoético, aparentemente restrito ao seu trabalho como antologista e suas traduções, na realidade é mais abrangente e inclui sua própria produção poética. A etnopoesia se torna o conceito pelo qual podemos ler o seu retorno à sua ancestralidade judaica e seus poemas que tratam de temas como a vida dos judeus na Polônia dos anos 1930, a tradição mística da cabala e o Holocausto. A tese aborda também questões como inserção no meio poético, autoria, influência e originalidade / The Multifaceted Poetry of Jerome Rothenberg deals with the methods applied by Jerome Rothenbergs poetics. Born in New York, in 1931, Rothenberg was part of a generation in between well known poetic movements: the beatnik poetry from the 1950s e 1960s and the language poetry of the 1970s. With fellow poet Robert Kelly, Rothenberg starts the deep image in the 1960, a short-lived movement, yet an essential one for his poetic development. Rothenberg is better known for having coined the term etnopoetry and for his experimentations with what he called total translation, while working with North-American Indian poetry. Total translation was an innovative method in considering musicality, the presence of word distortions or meaningless words and other poetic mechanisms of Indian poetry as an integral part of a poem or song, so that the resultant translation would necessarily contemplate all these aspects. From the perspective of his saying primitive is complex, Rothenberg starts considering the characteristics of poetry from oral culture, or those called primitive, as the basis for his concept of an etnopoetics. His search for the primitive also connects him with authors read as experimental in poetry, from William Blake and Walt Whitman to Allen Ginsberg, passing through the modernist triad Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and Gertrude Stein. The hypothesis of this thesis is to show how the etnopoetic impulse, apparently restricted to his work as anthologist and translator, is, in reality, much more broad in its spectrum and includes his own poetic production. Etnopoetry then becomes the concept we can use to read his return to his Jewish ancestrality and the poems dealing with topics such as the life of Jews in Poland in the 1930s, the mystical kabbalah and the Holocaust. This thesis also shows his insertion in the poetic scene, and debates questions like authorship, influence, and originality

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O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar e analisar aspectos da vida contemporânea que possibilitam a formalização estética da subjetividade que se cria poeticamente na obra de Rui Pires Cabral. Através da análise de poemas, selecionados de diversos livros do autor, desde o primeiro, Geografia das Estações, de 1994, ao mais recente, Elsewhere/Nenhures, de 2015, e da leitura da crítica literária e cultural contemporânea, principalmente dos trabalhos de críticos que trabalham ambas as questões de maneira interligada, sociólogos e outros estudiosos que pensam sobre as relações entre produções culturais e realidade sócio histórica, buscou-se delinear as características da subjetividade figurada na obra do poeta. Além disso, observou-se a influência desta realidade na constituição do sujeito. A errância e a fragmentação subjetivas são o ponto de partida da análise; outros temas, como solidão, consciência social e política, também serão abordados para que se possa ampliar, ao fim, a discussão sobre questões que estão além do nível subjetivo (individual), levando a uma reflexão social, política e artística da contemporaneidade portuguesa formalizada nos versos de Rui Pires Cabral no contexto da globalização e da organização da Europa enquanto União Europeia. / The objective of the present work is to characterize and to analyze aspects from contemporary life which permit the aesthetical formalization of the subjectivity poetically created in Rui Pires Cabrals work. By analyzing poems, selected from diverse books from the author, from the first one, Geografia das Estações, 1994, to the most recent, until today, Elsewhere/Nenhures, 2015, and by reading the contemporary literary and cultural criticisms, mainly cultural critics, sociologists and other thinkers who work with the relations between cultural productions and the social and historical realities, it was intended to outline the features of such subjectivity, as well as to observe the influence of the reality in the construction of it and the capacity of revelation of the aspects not so apparent in the reality by the subjective features poetically forged. The subjective wandering and fragmentation are the starting points, from which others derive, such as loneliness, social and political conscience, so that it is possible to open a discussion beyond the individual level, permitting a discussion about the Portuguese contemporaneity in social, political and artistic terms in the context of the globalized world and of the European Union.